family psychology 

Jan Stevensson Children who remember previous lives: the search for reincarnations. Case of Prakash Varshni from Ian Stevenson's book "Twenty Incidents That Make You Think About Reincarnation"

A good review article on the formation and development of Soviet robotics.

Robotization in the USSR

Part 1. The emergence of robots and the robotization of world production in the 20th century

In the 20th century, the USSR was actually one of the world leaders in robotics. Contrary to all the assertions of bourgeois propagandists and politicians, in a few decades the Soviet Union was able to turn from a country with an illiterate people into an advanced space power.

Consider some - but by no means all - examples of the formation and development of robotic solutions.

In the 1930s, one of the Soviet schoolchildren, Vadim Matskevich, created a robot that could move its right arm. The creation of the robot lasted 2 years, all this time the boy spent in the turning workshops of the Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute. At the age of 12, Vadim was already distinguished by ingenuity. He created a radio-controlled small armored car that set off fireworks.

Also during these years, automatic lines for processing bearing parts appeared, and then, at the end of the 40s, for the first time in the world, a complex production of pistons for tractor engines was created. All processes were automated: from the loading of raw materials to the packaging of products.

In the late 40s, the Soviet scientist Sergei Lebedev completed the development of the first electronic digital computer in the Soviet Union, MESM, which appeared in 1950. This computer became the fastest in Europe. A year later, the Soviet Union issued an order to develop automatic control systems military equipment and the creation of the Department of "Special Robotics and Mechatronics".

In 1958, Soviet scientists developed the world's first semiconductor AVM (analog Calculating machine) MH-10, which captivated the guests of the exhibition in New York. At the same time, the cybernetic scientist Viktor Glushkov expressed the idea of ​​"brain-like" computer structures that would connect billions of processors and contribute to the fusion of data memory.

Analogue computer MN-10

In the late 50s, Soviet scientists for the first time managed to photograph reverse side Moon. This was done using the Luna-3 automatic station. And on September 24, 1970, the Soviet spacecraft Luna-16 delivered soil samples from the Moon to Earth. Then this was repeated using the Luna-20 apparatus in 1972.

One of the most notable achievements of domestic robotics and science was the creation in the Design Bureau. Lavochkin apparatus "Lunokhod-1". This is a second-generation sentient robot. It is equipped with sensor systems, among which the main one is the technical vision system (VTS). "Lunokhod-1" and "Lunokhod-2", developed in 1970-1973, controlled by a human operator in supervisory mode, received and transmitted valuable information about the lunar surface to Earth. And in 1975, the automatic interplanetary stations Venera-9 and Venera-10 were launched in the USSR. With the help of repeaters, they transmitted information about the surface of Venus, landing on it.

The world's first planetary rover "Lunokhod-1"

In 1962, the Rex humanoid robot appeared at the Polytechnic Museum, which conducted excursions for children.

Since the end of the 60s, the mass introduction of the first domestic robots into industry began in the Soviet Union, the development of scientific and technical foundations and organizations related to robotics. The exploration of underwater spaces by robots began to develop rapidly, military and space developments were improved.

A special achievement in those years was the development of the long-range unmanned reconnaissance aircraft DBR-1, which could perform tasks throughout Western and Central Europe. Also, this drone received the designation I123K, its mass production has been established since 1964.

In 1966, scientists from Voronezh invented a manipulator for stacking metal sheets.

As mentioned above, the development underwater world kept pace with other technological breakthroughs. So, in 1968, the Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, together with the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute and other universities, created one of the first robots for the development of the underwater world - a remotely controlled computer-controlled apparatus "Manta" (of the "Octopus" type). Its control system and sensory apparatus made it possible to capture and pick up an object that the operator pointed to, bring it to the “tele-eye” or put it in a bunker for study, and also search for objects in troubled waters.

In 1969, at the TsNITI of the Ministry of Defense Industry under the leadership of B.N. Surnin began to create an industrial robot "Universal-50". And in 1971, the first prototypes of industrial robots of the first generation appeared - robots UM-1 (created under the direction of P.N. Belyanin and B.Sh. Rozin) and UPC-1 (under the direction of V.I. Aksenov), equipped with software systems controls and designed to perform machining operations, cold stamping, electroplating.

Automation in those years even reached the point that a robot cutter was introduced in one of the ateliers. It was programmed for a pattern, measuring the dimensions of the customer's figure up to cutting the fabric.

In the early 70s, many factories switched to automated lines. For example, the Petrodvorets watch factory "Rocket" refused to hand-assemble mechanical watch and switched to robotic lines that carry out these operations. Thus, more than 300 workers were freed from tedious work and labor productivity was increased 6 times. The quality of products has improved, and the number of defects has greatly decreased. For advanced and rational production, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in 1971.

Petrodvorets watch factory "Raketa"

In 1973, the Design Bureau of TK at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute assembled and put into production the first in the USSR mobile industrial robots MP-1 and Sprut, and a year later they even held the first world chess championship among computers, where the Soviet program Kaissa became the winner. ".

In the same 1974, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in a government decree of July 22, 1974 “On measures to organize the production of automatic manipulators with program control for mechanical engineering”, indicated: to appoint OKB TK as the main organization for the development of industrial robots for mechanical engineering. In accordance with the decree of the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology, the first 30 serial industrial robots were created to serve various industries: for welding, for servicing presses and machine tools, etc. In Leningrad, the development of the Kedr, Invariant and Skat magnetic navigation systems for spaceships, submarines and aircraft.

The introduction of various computer systems did not stand still. So, in 1977, V. Burtsev created the first symmetrical multiprocessor computer complex (MCC) Elbrus-1. For interplanetary research, Soviet scientists created an integral robot "Centaur" controlled by the M-6000 complex. Navigating this computer complex It consisted of a gyroscope and a dead reckoning system with an odometer, it was also equipped with a laser scanning distance meter and a tactile sensor, which made it possible to obtain information about the environment.

The best samples created by the end of the 70s include industrial robots such as "Universal", PR-5, "Brig-10", MP-9S, TUR-10 and a number of other models.

In 1978, the catalog "Industrial Robots" was released in the USSR (M .: Min-Stankoprom of the USSR; Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFSR; NIImash; Design Bureau of Technical Cybernetics at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, 109 p.), which presented the technical characteristics of 52 models of industrial robots and two manipulators with manual control.

From 1969 to 1979, the number of comprehensively mechanized and automated workshops and industries increased from 22.4 to 83.5 thousand, and mechanized enterprises - from 1.9 to 6.1 thousand.

In 1979, the USSR began to produce high-performance multiprocessor UVKs with a reconfigurable PS 2000 structure, which made it possible to solve many mathematical and other problems. A technology for parallelizing tasks was developed, which allowed the development of the idea of ​​a system artificial intelligence. At the Institute of Cybernetics, under the leadership of N. Amosov, the legendary robot "Baby" was created, which was controlled by a learning neural network. Such a system, with the help of which a number of significant studies were carried out in the field of neural networks, revealed the advantages in managing the latter over traditional algorithmic ones. At the same time, a revolutionary model of the 2nd generation computer, BESM-6, was developed in the Soviet Union, in which the prototype of modern cache memory first appeared.

Also in 1979, at the Moscow State Technical University. N. E. Bauman, by order of the KGB, an apparatus for the disposal of explosive objects was developed - an ultra-light mobile robot MRK-01 (the characteristics of the robot can be viewed at the link).

By 1980, about 40 new models of industrial robots had entered mass production. Also, in accordance with the program of the State Standard of the USSR, work began on the standardization and unification of these robots, and in 1980 the first pneumatic industrial robot with positional control, equipped with MP-8 technical vision, appeared. It was developed by the OKB TK of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, where the Central Research and Development Institute of Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (TsNII RTK) was established. Also, scientists are concerned about the creation of sensible robots.

In general, in 1980 in the USSR, the number of industrial robots exceeded 6,000 pieces, which was more than 20% of total number in the world.

In October 1982, the USSR became the organizer of the international exhibition "Industrial Robots-82". In the same year, the catalog “Industrial robots and manipulators with manual control” was published (Moscow: NIImash Minstankoprom USSR, 100 pp.), which provided data on industrial robots produced not only in the USSR (67 models), but also in Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia.

In 1983, the USSR adopted the unique P-700 Granit complex, developed specifically for the Navy, developed by NPO Mashinostroeniya (OKB-52), in which the missiles could independently line up in battle formation and distribute targets during the flight among themselves.

In 1984, systems were developed for rescuing information from crashing aircraft and designating accident sites "Klen", "Marker" and "Call".

At the Institute of Cybernetics, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense, an autonomous robot "MAVR" was created in these years, which could freely move towards the target through rough, difficult terrain. "MAVR" had a high cross-country ability and a reliable protection system. Also during these years, the first fire robot was designed and implemented.

In May 1984, the government issued a decree "On the acceleration of work on the automation of machine-building production based on advanced technological processes and flexible reconfigurable complexes”, which gave a new breakthrough in robotization in the USSR. Responsibilities for the implementation of the policy in the field of creation, introduction and maintenance of flexible automated production were assigned to the USSR Minstankoprom. Most of the work was carried out at the enterprises of mechanical engineering and metalworking.

In 1984, there were already more than 75 automated workshops and sections equipped with robots, the process of integrated introduction of industrial robots in the technological lines and flexible automated production, which were used in mechanical engineering, instrument making, radio and electronic industries.

At many enterprises Soviet Union flexible production modules (FPM), flexible automated lines (FAL), sections (GAU) and workshops (GAC) with automated transport and storage systems (ATSS) were put into operation. By the beginning of 1986, the number of such systems numbered more than 80, they included automatic control, tool change and chip removal, due to which the production cycle time was reduced by 30 times, the savings in production area increased by 30-40%.

Flexible production modules

In 1985, the Central Research Institute of the RTK began the development of an onboard robot system for the Buran ISS, equipped with two manipulators 15 m long, a lighting system, television and telemetry. The main tasks of the system were to perform operations with multi-ton cargo: unloading, docking with the orbital station. And in 1988, the Energia-Buran ISS was launched. The authors of the project were V.P. Glushko and other Soviet scientists. The ISS Energia-Buran became the most significant and advanced project of the 1980s in the USSR.

ISS Energia-Buran

In 1981-1985 in the USSR there was a certain decline in the production of robots due to the global crisis in relations between countries, but by the beginning of 1986, more than 20,000 industrial robots were already functioning at the enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Instrumentation.

By the end of 1985 in the USSR, the number of industrial robots approached the mark of 40,000 pieces, which amounted to about 40% of all robots in the world. For comparison: in the USA this number was several times less. Robots have been widely introduced into the national economy and industry.

After tragic events at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Moscow State Technical University. Bauman, Soviet engineers V. Shvedov, V. Dorotov, M. Chumakov, A. Kalinin quickly and successfully developed mobile robots that helped to carry out the necessary research and work after the disaster in hazardous areas - RTOs and Mobot-ChKhV. It is known that at that time robotic devices were used both in the form of radio-controlled bulldozers and special robots for disinfecting the surrounding area, the roof and the building of the emergency unit of the nuclear power plant.

Mobot-ChKhV (mobile robot, Chernobyl, for chemical troops)

By 1985, the State Standards for industrial robots and manipulators were developed in the USSR: such standards as GOST 12.2.072-82 “Industrial robots. Robotic technological complexes and sections. General requirements safety”, GOST 25686-85 “Manipulators, autooperators and industrial robots. Terms and definitions” and GOST 26053-84 “Industrial robots. Acceptance rules. Test Methods".

By the end of the 80s, the task of robotization became more relevant. National economy: mining, metallurgical, chemical, light and food industries, agriculture, transport and construction. The technology of instrumentation was widely developed, which switched to a microelectronic base.

In the late Soviet years, the robot could replace one to three people in production, depending on the shift, increased labor productivity by about 20-40% and replaced mostly low-skilled workers. Soviet scientists and developers faced the difficult task of reducing the cost of the robot, as this greatly constrained widespread robotization.

In the USSR, the problems of developing the theoretical foundations of robotics, the development of scientific and technical ideas, the creation and research of robots and robotic systems were engaged in those years by a number of scientific and production teams: MSTU im. N.E. Bauman, Institute of Mechanical Engineering. A.A. Blagonravov, Central Research and Development Institute of Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (TsNII RTK) of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, Institute of Electric Welding named after. E.O. Paton (Ukraine), Institute applied mathematics, Institute of Control Problems, Scientific Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Technology (Rostov), ​​Experimental Research Institute of Metal-cutting Machine Tools, Design and Technological Institute of Heavy Engineering, Orgstankoprom, etc.

Corresponding members I.M. Makarov, D.E. Okhotsimsky, as well as famous scientists and specialists M.B. Ignatiev, D.A. Pospelov, A.B. Kobrinsky, G.N. Rapoport, B.C. Gurfinkel, N.A. Lakota, Yu.G. Kozyrev, V.S. Kuleshov, F.M. Kulakov, B.C. Yastrebov, E.G. Nakhapetyan, A.V. Timofeev, B.C. Rybak, M.S. Voroshilov, A.K. Platonov, G.P. Katys, A.P. Bessonov, A.M. Pokrovsky, B.G. Avetikov, A.I. Korendyasev and others.

Young specialists were trained through the system of university training, special secondary and vocational education and through the system of retraining and advanced training of workers.

Training of personnel in the main robotic specialty "Robotic systems and complexes" was carried out at that time in a number of leading universities in the country (MGTU, SPPI, Kiev, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk polytechnics and etc.).

For many years, the development of robotics in the USSR and the countries of Eastern Europe was carried out within the framework of cooperation between the member countries of the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance). In 1982, the heads of delegations signed the General Agreement on multilateral cooperation in the development and organization of production of industrial robots, in connection with which the Council of Chief Designers (CGC) was created. At the beginning of 1983, the CMEA members signed an agreement on multilateral specialization and cooperation in the production of industrial robots and manipulators. for various purposes, and in December 1985, the 41st (extraordinary) session of the CMEA adopted the Comprehensive Program of Scientific and Technical Progress of the CMEA member countries until the year 2000, in which industrial robots and robotization of production are included as one of priority areas for complex automation.

With the participation of the USSR, Hungary, the GDR, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and other countries of the socialist camp, in those years a new industrial robot for electric arc welding "Interrobot-1" was successfully created. With specialists from Bulgaria, scientists from the USSR even founded the production association "Red Proletarian - Beroe", which was equipped with modern robots with electromechanical drives of the RB-240 series. They were designed for auxiliary operations: loading and unloading parts on metal-cutting machines, changing working tools, transporting and palletizing parts, etc.

Summing up, we can say that by the beginning of the 90s, about 100,000 units of industrial robots were produced in the Soviet Union, which replaced more than a million workers, but the released employees still found work. Over 200 robot models were developed and produced in the USSR. By the end of 1989, the USSR Ministry of Instrumentation included more than 600 enterprises and more than 150 research institutes and design bureaus. Total population The industry employs more than one million people.

Soviet engineers planned to introduce the use of robots in almost all areas of industry: mechanical engineering, Agriculture, construction, metallurgy, mining, light and food industry- but this was not destined to come true.

With the destruction of the USSR, the planned work on the development of robotics at the state level stopped, and the mass production of robots ceased. Even those robots that were already used in industry disappeared: the means of production were privatized, then the factories were completely ruined, and the unique expensive equipment was destroyed or sold for scrap. Capitalism has arrived.

We invite you to get acquainted with books that are the basis of a different worldview and the nature of your reincarnating and developing (we hope that it is the same for you) soul. Since there is now room for immortality in your life, it is worth taking a closer look at your participation in your spiritual development in the events of everyday life. Then life will make sense.

First of all, these are the books of the two founders of regression therapy - Michael Newton And Dolores Cannon. Then we offer you a small but very deep book by the world famous existential psychotherapist Viktor Frankl Saying Yes to Life: A Psychologist in a Concentration Camp. At the end of this book is printed a stage play, or the Metaphysical Conference "Synchronization in Birkenwald". This post-war play talks amazingly straight about reincarnation, bypassing the official scientific paradigm of the time. And if you are pragmatic about raising children, then the book Carol Bowman about the past lives of children you need as a manual on correct behavior when the facts of memories of the past appear in your children or grandchildren. In it you will also find a mention of the works of the psychiatrist, a researcher of reincarnations, that have not yet been translated into Russian. Ian Stevenson. Book Sylvia Brown surprisingly sincere, and in the "semi-amateur" format of the description contains very professional discoveries, for example, about morphological resonance. Brian Weiss, a cautious professional psychiatrist and hypnologist, approached the description of reincarnation and healing from a teaching and learning perspective. Raymond Moody, psychiatrist and one of the founders of the field of research near death experience (Near Death Experience - NDE) and the scientific study of experiences of maintaining consciousness outside the body. It is difficult to find a seeker who has not heard his name and has not read at least one of his books. Book Kevin Todeschi about the famous "sleeping prophet" Edgar Cayce, his research on family karma, marriage, and parent-child relationships. And, finally, the highest methodological view on the meaning of repeated incarnations is in the book Sri Aurobindo(so far only in English, to the delight of those who read in this language) "The Problem of Rebirth" (The problem of re-incarnation). It mainly tells about the types of karma and reincarnation.

Most of the books offered for review are in paper form, and, of course, it is more convenient to read them in order to return to important places, underline and bookmark. We are grateful to those Internet resources that keep introductory versions of books in free access.

Download books on regression and reincarnation

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The most famous case of reincarnation: the rebirth of the Pollock sisters

The idea of ​​the transmigration of souls may seem absurd to many. However, in world history there are many cases proving that reincarnation is not at all an invention of religious fanatics, but the true truth. The story of the Pollock twins is another confirmation of this.
Is there life after death? The answer to this eternal question mankind has been looking for for many centuries. Usually representatives of Eastern religions believe in the transmigration of souls, but the case of the Pollock sisters shows that there are such families among Europeans.
A resident of the English town of Hexham, John Pollock was very religious. Catholicism did not prevent him from believing in reincarnation, but his wife Florence considered all this nonsense. It turns out that Mr. Pollock read about this in some novel at the age of nine, and since then he was firmly convinced that the transmigration of souls exists. The man even prayed to God to send him proof. This belief later saved their family. However, more on that later.
A happy family
In 1946, the couple had a daughter, Joanna, and five years later, baby Jacqueline. The girls adored each other's company and were inseparable. Joanna was like a second mother to her sister and always helped in everything. They loved to play with their mother's hair, and they were also terrible fidgets. At the age of three, the youngest fell into a (thankfully empty) barrel, leaving her with a noticeable scar on her forehead. Joanna also had a mark - a mole on her stomach.
By the way, for some reason, the eldest often said that she would never grow up and become a woman, but no one took baby talk seriously. These words turned out to be prophetic.

In May 1957, the sisters, along with a classmate of the eldest, went to church. Last time. The children were hit and killed by a car. The car was driven by a woman who was about to commit suicide. She drank, in her opinion, lethal doses of several drugs at once. At that moment, when she became ill, she lost control and drove at full speed onto the sidewalk, along which there were unsuspecting kids. Their death was instantaneous (the guys couldn't escape because of the wall that was behind them), but the driver survived...
John and Florence were at a loss. They were heartbroken. The mother tried to occupy herself with various things in order to remember her daughters as little as possible and not to hurt herself. The inconsolable father, on the contrary, only thought about them. On the evening of the girls' death, he had a vision of Joanna and Jacqueline already in paradise. A week after the tragedy, he fancied their spirit in one of the rooms on the second floor of the house. Since then, he has hardly left the room. “God punished me for asking him to present me with arguments in favor of the existence of reincarnation,” the man thought. However, he was still sure that the proof of the transmigration of souls would not be long in coming.

rebirth
Soon Florence became pregnant. The husband was convinced that higher power he was heard. Moreover, he predicted that twins would be born - after all, according to his theory, there should be two reborn souls. Future mom she just brushed it aside: the gynecologist did not say anything of the kind (ultrasound was not yet common at that time), and there were no twins in the families of both parents. The husband turned out to be right: in the fall of 1958, Florence gave birth to two girls - Gillian and Jennifer. The second had a mole on her forehead, in the same place as Jacqueline's scar, and the first had a mole on her stomach, like Joanna ...
When the twins were about three years old, their parents showed them the dead sisters' toys that were stored in the attic. John and Florence were shocked when they heard from Gillian that one of the dolls actually belonged to a certain Joanna. Jennifer said the same thing about the Jacqueline doll... The girls also said that Santa Claus brought the toys (they were actually given to the dead at Christmas). Young children often quarrel when they cannot share some things among themselves, but the twins did not have this. As if each of them already knew which toy belongs to which of them.
According to Florence, she often heard her daughters discussing the details of a certain accident. One day, she noticed a strange conversation between the twins.
Gillian, touching Jennifer's head, uttered an unintelligible: "Blood is flowing from your eyes ... That's where the injury was from a collision with a car ...".
The woman told her husband about mysterious behavior girls. John admitted that when he came to identify the bodies, Jacqueline really had a bandage on her eyes. Gillian once also pointed out Jennifer's mole, saying, "That's the mark she got when she fell into a barrel." It became clear to the father (mother still skeptical of his beliefs) that the soul of the deceased Joanna lives in Gillian, and Jacqueline lives in Jennifer.

Important little things
This, of course, is not all the facts that prompted Pollock to think about the reincarnation of his dead daughters. Until their deaths, Florence helped her husband deliver milk and wore a special dressing gown. After the tragedy, she quit this job and never returned to it. One day, John decided to repaint the fence and put on his wife's thing. Jennifer immediately ran up to him with the question: “Why are you wearing mommy’s clothes?”. She told Gillian about what had happened, but she just shrugged her shoulders: “Why does the robe, in fact, belong to the parent?”
Comparing the facts, the father, who witnessed both scenes, recalled that Joanna, elder sister, went to school and did not see her mother's costume, in which she worked during her studies. That is why the girl did not know that the robe on her father actually belonged to Florence. When asked by a parent how Jennifer knew that her mother wore these clothes, she replied: “Daddy, she delivered milk in it!”.
By the way, almost immediately after the birth of the girls, the family moved from Hexham to a bigger city. Three years later, Pollock decided to visit their small homeland.
In the "unfamiliar" place, the girls behaved quite confidently. They even expressed a desire to visit the park and ride (!) their favorite swings, although they had never seen them.
The characters of the babies were exactly the same as those of their dead sisters. Gillian adored taking care of Jennifer, gave her the best that she had. They also liked to play with their mother's hair and were also fidgety. Gillian was more outgoing than her twin and was interested in things that were out of character for her age. The girl generally seemed more mature than her sister. However, if you remember Joanna and Jacqueline and recognize the existence of reincarnation, everything falls into place.
If the transmigration of souls is true, then it is not surprising that the little ones were very afraid of cars. Their fear sometimes escalated into hysteria. Mr. Pollock later admitted to reporters that once, when he was walking with his daughters along a dark alley and a car honked from behind, they began to sob so hard that they almost fainted. However, they were unable to move. Their father remembered that Joanna and Jacqueline had nowhere to run on that ill-fated day, because there was a fence behind them.
Similarities with the dead girls were manifested even in small things. Gillian was as skinny as Joanna. But Jennifer is stocky, like Jacqueline. At the same time, the twins also “borrowed” the manner of walking from their older sisters.
And at the time of the tragedy, Jacqueline only recently learned to write and held a pencil in her hand not like adults, but clutching it in her fist. Jennifer also did this until the age of ten, and even as a teenager, sometimes returned to this style of writing.

Adults
Starting at the age of five, the twins gradually began to turn into ordinary children. The "past" did not manifest itself in any way in their behavior, and the girls no longer talked about the dead sisters. When Gillian and Jennifer were thirteen years old, Mr. Pollock told them about reincarnation. The man said that they are actually reborn Joanna and Jacqueline. Of course, his daughters did not believe him.
At the age of twenty, Gillian had a vision in which she wandered around the house where the Pollock family lived until Joanna was four years old. The girl described the mansion in all colors, and the journalists, having arrived there, were convinced of the veracity of her words.
Gillian and Jennifer have grown completely ordinary women got married and had children. Unfortunately, there is no information about their later life.

Scientific interest
In the mid-1960s, the case of the Pollock twins caused an unprecedented public outcry. The American biochemist and psychiatrist Ian Stevenson, whose object of study was the fact that children had information about the lives of people who lived before them, could not help but pay attention to this unusual family.
According to the scientist, the behavior of Gillian and Jennifer could not be the result of the psychological influence of their parents. In addition, the girls' mother was skeptical about the existence of reincarnation.
And in general, John and Florence Pollock, with all their desire, could not have molded the behavior of their daughters in such a way that it resembled the behavior of the deceased Joanna and Jacqueline. Stevenson included the story of the British women in his book Children Who Remember Previous Lives: The Search for Reincarnations, in which he recounted several dozen other transmigration cases he recorded.
However, it could not do without criticism. The British scientist Ian Wilson opposed the American biochemist. He noted that Stevenson's evidence base is extremely weak.
He stressed that the only witnesses to Gillian and Jennifer's behavior were their parents, one of whom fervently believes in life after death and therefore cannot be considered impartial.
Whether this is true or not, we will never know. Nevertheless, the theme of the transmigration of souls has been used and will be used in the plots of fiction (and not only) books, films and TV shows. Perhaps the existence of reincarnation will never be scientifically proven, but this does not prevent many from hoping that their deceased loved one will come to them in the person of another person.

Ian Stevenson (October 31, 1918 – February 8, 2007) was a Canadian-American biochemist and psychiatrist. The object of his study was the presence in children of information about the lives of people who lived before them (which, according to Stevenson, could form the basis of the proof of reincarnation after rigorous scientific verification).

Ian Stevenson traveled for 40 years and investigated 3,000 cases of children having information about the lives of people who lived before; this convinced him that past lives could be real. However, despite the colossal contribution to the study of the problem, Stevenson did not manage to have time to approach its full resolution.

He had his own research system, a whole list of techniques. If a person says that in a previous life he did not die by his own death, then traces in the form of moles, birthmarks, scars, scars may remain on his body. Approximately 35% of children who talk about their past life, have birthmarks and/or birth defects/malformations, the origin of which corresponds to wounds (usually fatal) on the body of a person whose life the child remembers.

In the scientific community, reaction to Stevenson's work has been mixed. Critics have questioned his research methods and the conclusions he drew, and some authors have regarded his approach as pseudoscientific. At the same time, others considered that his work was carried out with due scientific rigor. Stevenson's research is based on The Washington Post journalist Tom Schroder's Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence of Past Lives (1999) and Child Psychiatrist Jim Tucker's Life Before Life: Scientific research children's memories of past lives" (2005).

Ian Stevenson based his work on the following strict principles:

The studies were conducted mainly with children from two to four years old.
- never paid cash reward families in which there was a child who had information about the lives of people who had already died
- a proven case of a child having a memory of the life of a previously deceased person was considered only one for which it was possible to obtain documentary evidence of events that occurred in a past life

Stevenson has followers. Two scientists teach at the Department of Psychology at the University of Virginia, his students are Dr. Bruce Grayson and Jim Tucker. Together with their colleagues, they continue Stevenson's work - they study not only reincarnation, but also such phenomena as near-death states, near-death visions. Yet Ian Stevenson was the first in these areas. He most fully outlined his views in an article for the Journal of Scientific Exploration. In it, in particular, he writes that true reason our phobias, manias, illnesses and even death can be found somewhere in the past - in a previous life or lives.

Author's books by J. Stevenson:
Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation (1974)
Children Who Remember Previous Lives: A Quest of Reincarnation (1987)
Reincarnation and Biology (1997)
European Cases of the Reincarnation Type (2003)

Documentary / Dr. Ian Stevenson and Reincarnation Research
Video 25 min

Ian Stevenson (video footage from the conference)
Video 28 min

Nikolai Viktorovich Levashov for the first time clearly and unambiguously explained what a Soul is and what a Man is. Actually, Man is not a physical body, but an aggregate, a system of several material bodies, popularly called “subtle bodies”. In esoteric literature (empty and unnecessary), this set of "subtle bodies" is called Essence, Soul, Spirit, Lotus, "Higher Self", etc. Essence (Soul) is periodically embodied in physical bodies to accelerate its development. Hence the term "spiritual development". For the duration of the incarnation, the physical body becomes part of the Essence. Entities automatically incarnate into physical bodies until they reach a sufficiently high level of development, at which they are able to assess the need for incarnation and consciously manage this process. This level of development presupposes the presence of five well-developed subtle bodies: etheric, astral and three mental. At the same time, the so-called. "earth stage" evolutionary development Essence, and the so-called. "Space Stage" The process of periodic incarnation of the Essence into physical bodies is called reincarnation.

Entities incarnate thousands of times into physical bodies for hundreds of thousands and millions of years. The need for incarnations is due to the fact that early stages development, enhanced “nutrition” of the Essence is possible only in physical bodies. And the enhanced “nourishment” of the Essence (Soul) is the “spiritual development”, thanks to which a Human can live and develop for millions of years. What happens to the Essences of people who did not devote time to their spiritual development can be found in the book by Svetlana Levashova "Revelation", in which for the first time she clearly and clearly described many parameters and features of the "other world".

To confirm that Man repeatedly reincarnates into physical bodies, Nikolai Viktorovich in the 2nd volume of the book "Essence and Reason", in Chapter 8. The nature of life after death, cites the testimony of a doctor of medicine Ian Stevenson describing the case of Nesir Unlutaskirian from Turkey, who remembered his previous incarnation (Ian Stevenson, M.D., "Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect", p. 48-49):

“Nesir Unlutaskirian was born in 1951 in Adana, Turkey. Even before he was born, his mother had a dream in which a stranger appeared with bleeding wounds. At first, she could not explain this dream to herself, but after the birth of her son, the dream acquired some meaning. Nesir was born with seven birthmarks. Some of them were more pronounced than others, a few disappeared almost completely when I first examined Nesir at the age of thirteen. Nesir began to talk late and later, compared to other cases, began to talk about his previous life. When he was six years old, he began to tell his mother that he had children and asked to be taken to them. He claimed that he lived in the city of Mersin (approximately eighty kilometers from Adana). He also claimed that his name was Nesir and that he had been stabbed to death. Nesir described in detail how he was killed and indicated where he was stabbed.

At first, his parents did not attach any importance to his statements, which they found curious. The situation changed when Nesir was twelve years old. His mother took him to meet her father, who was then alive and lived with his second wife in a village near the city of Mersin. Nesir never saw his grandfather's second wife, but immediately recognized her and claimed to have known her in his past life when he lived in the city of Mersin. She confirmed that she knew a man in Mersin named Nesir Budak and confirmed the accuracy of all his words. After that, Nesir wanted to go to the city of Mersin even more, and his grandfather took him there. There he recognized several relatives of Nesir Budak. And they all confirmed the accuracy of the facts from the life of Nesir Budak in Nesir's stories.

Nesir Budak was a quick-tempered man, especially when he was drunk. Once he provoked a fight with a man who, being also drunk, stabbed him several times with a knife. Nesir Budak collapsed on the street and was taken to the hospital, where he was treated and his wounds were described. However, he died the next day. The most surprising was Nesir's statement that he once hit "his" (Nesir Budak) wife in the leg, after which she had a scar. The widow of Nesira Budak confirmed all this and, having invited several women into the next room, showed them a scar on her thigh. With all this, Nesir had many feelings for the children of Nesir Budak and developed a strong affection for his widow. It is also surprising that he was jealous of her second husband and tried to destroy his photographs. All six birthmarks on Nesir correspond exactly to the location of the wounds on the body of Nesir Budak and are confirmed by medical documents, as in all other cases that I investigated ... "

Thus, the evidence Ian Stevenson, a Canadian-American biochemist and psychiatrist who studied children's information about past lives, is strong evidence for the existence of reincarnation. And there are thousands of such proofs! Ian Stevenson published a book in 1974, and here we bring you a couple of documentaries about the work of Ian Stevenson ...

Dr. Ian Stevenson and Reincarnation Research

Ian Stevenson: Scientific evidence reincarnations

We bring to your attention two more articles in which the experience of young children who remember their past incarnations is absolutely reliably described. The children provided the adults with undeniable information that they were, in fact, those who were pointed out in past lives. These materials are important to us only as factual information, i. documentary evidence that the reincarnation of Essences exists ...

The spirit of the sergeant who died in the explosion moved into a four-year-old boy

Mother four year old claims that her son was possessed by the spirit of the late sergeant marines United States, who died in 1983 in Beirut during the bombing of the barracks.

US Marine Corps Sergeant Val Lewis (Val Lewis), was killed in a barracks bombing on October 23, 1983 in Beirut, Lebanon.

For unexplained reasons, four-year-old Andrew from Virginia Beach, Virginia remembers his death. WTKR.

According to the boy's mother, Michelle Lucas (Michele Lucas), Andrew believes that he died in the barracks on October 23rd.

“He remembers that day like the day he died,” says Michel. “At some point, he starts crying and screaming hysterically, and when I ask him what happened, he asks the same question with tears in his eyes: “Why did you let me die in this fire?” He, like me, is very afraid of these attacks. He is afraid of himself and scares me…”

The woman says that her son also recalls events that children of his age cannot know about.

“I started questioning him about his memories and Andrew gave me some very specific clues that he used to live in Sumter County, Georgia. I tried to do my own research, but nothing worked until I got help from the creators of the TV show Ghost Inside My Child. With their help, we found photographs of Marines who died in the explosion and visited the grave of Sgt. Lewis in Georgia,” Michelle said in an interview with a local TV channel.

After reviewing the photographs, Andrew correctly named the names of several servicemen, indicating that they were his friends.

The behavior of the boy at the cemetery surprised his family even more: he went to the grave of Sgt. Lewis and laid flowers at the monument, and then suddenly ran to a nearby grave Marine with the words: "This is my friend."

Michelle hoped that a trip to the cemetery would help her son get rid of strange memories, but, as it turned out later, meeting with "colleagues" worsened the situation.

“About two weeks ago, an emblem appeared on the wall of my room. Is there a ghost in my house? Is it in my child? I do not know, but I hope that psychics will be able to answer my questions. That will be my next step,” she concluded.

10-year-old boy insists he's reincarnated Hollywood actor 1930s

Few people, even those working in the film industry, have heard the name Marty Martina- not very successful Hollywood actor of the 1930s, who retrained as an agent.

But a 10-year-old American boy named Ryan Hammons knows everything about the life and work of Martin - to the smallest detail. Moreover, the guy in colors and with an accuracy worthy of a professional historian describes the era in which the actor lived, including details that were not described anywhere. Ryan assures that he can do all this for one simple reason - he is Marty Martin, or rather, he was in a past life!

Ryan was born in 2005 to a Baptist family in Muskogee, Oklahoma. At the age of four, he started having nightmares and his parents did not know how to stop them. He often said that he felt his heart break, and described Hollywood, which is located several thousand kilometers from Oklahoma. According to Cindy, Ryan's mother, the boy spoke in such cases absolutely confidently, as if about well-known facts.

A year later, Ryan spoke for the first time about his past life. “He said: Mom, I need to tell you something. I used to be someone else,” said Cindy.

A parishioner of the Baptist church, Cindy, at first refused to take her son's words seriously and did not say anything to her husband. But Ryan told more and more details about his past incarnation, cried and begged his mother to take him "home" and she gave up.

"His 'memories' of a past life were so detailed and multifaceted - there was no way a kid could just make it all up," Cindy said.

Ryan talked a lot about Hollywood, about his five marriages, about traveling to Europe, old houses and a career - first as an actor, then as an agent.

Intrigued, Cindy went to the library and borrowed books about 1930s Hollywood. She began leafing through these books with her son. And so, on one of the pages, they came across a frame from the 1932 film Night after Night. "It's me," Ryan said, pointing at one of the actors. Later, the parents found out that this actor's name was Marty Martin.

Marty Martin

After writing down her son's strange "memories" and armed with the information she could gather about Marty Martin, Cindy decided to turn to professionals. The Ryan Phenomenon is currently being handled by Dr. Jim Tucker is a well-known child psychiatrist at the University of Virginia who already has experience working with children "with memories of past lives." Although Tucker knows thousands of such cases, he thinks Ryan is special. The doctor notes the unusually detailed descriptions of the boy and the precise statements related to Martin's life. “If you just look at a photo of this person, you can hardly tell much about his life. However, Ryan gives a lot of details that fit perfectly into the real biography Martin."

With the help of Dr. Tucker, Ryan's parents were able to contact the Hollywood Archives and later one of Martin's daughters. She corroborated 55 of the boy's claims related to his father's life. Ryan accurately named the street where Martin lived, the names of his children, brothers, sisters and ex-wives. Ryan made the most startling statement to Dr. Tucker during one of his sessions. He said he wanted to know why God chose to end Martin's life in 61 year and bring him back to this world as a child. This statement was at odds with biographical data - according to official information, Martin died in 59 years. However, a closer examination of the documents showed that the error was in the biography, and Ryan was absolutely right!

Over time, Ryan's memory associated with Martin began to fade. But by this point, Tucker had managed to document this case. He entered the doctor's book along with others 2500 similar cases that he had to deal with in his practice.

Doctor Jim Tucker from Charlottesville (USA) is the only academic scientist in the world who has been researching children's stories about past lives for 15 years, thus providing evidence for reincarnation. Tucker has now collected anecdotal cases from the US in a new book and presents his own hypotheses on the scientific aspects that may lie behind the phenomenon of reincarnation...

At two years old, children remember their past life.

For nearly 15 years, Tucker has been researching the stories of children who, typically between the ages of two and six, claim to have lived sometime before. Sometimes these children can even describe quite detailed details of these former lives. Very rarely, these formerly deceased individuals are famous or popular, and often not known at all to the families of these children. Tucker, one of only two world scientists studying this phenomenon, explains that the complexity of these experiences varies. Some of them can be easily identified - for example, when it is clear that innocuous stories of children occur in those families where a close relative has been lost. In other cases, like Ryan's, the logical explanation is a scientific one, says Tucker, that is both simple and surprising at the same time: Somehow, the child remembers

Scientific facts about reincarnation

The problem of scientific confirmation of the existence of reincarnation is of great importance. Generally, religious ideas and concepts cannot be defined or studied on a scientific basis, as religion and science are incommensurable. However, the idea of ​​reincarnation is of interest to various scientists and researchers. Reports of reincarnation are often subjected to various checks and are confirmed by facts. If the transmigration of the soul occurs, then it must have some kind of confirmation. A person who lived in another era can tell something about his experience and provide evidence of its existence.

For a long time, the Canadian-American psychiatrist Ian Stevenson has been actively involved in the study of cases of reincarnation. He carefully studied people's memories of their previous lives. His work spanned several decades and he collected data on over 2,000 people. These people directly said that they remember their previous life or showed abilities, had signs that can only be explained with the help of reincarnation. Everything famous cases reincarnation Stevenson carefully studied.

Stevenson found three objective signs that confirm the rebirth of the soul in a new body and are not related to a person's memories. The first sign is the ability of a person to speak a foreign language (foreign, ancient). Moreover, due to life circumstances, this person could not know or learn this language. The second sign is the presence of congenital marks on the human body (birthmarks, limb defects, moles, etc.). In some cases, the people studied spoke about the presence of a connection between these marks and a past life. For example, a person recalled that he died from a stab in the region of the heart, and in the present he has a birthmark in this place, resembling a scar. The third sign of the transmigration of the soul is the presence of historical evidence. However, well-known historical events are not taken into account. Reliable confirmation is considered only that historical event, which became known in the course of a long professional study, when inaccessible historical documents were used.

The third part of the people studied by J. Stevenson had various congenital marks and defects. For example, a boy with a scar-like growth in the back of his head remembered that in one of his past lives he died from an ax blow to the head. Stevenson tracked down a family in which one of the members had once been killed with an axe. The features of the wound of the murdered person correlated with the defect on the back of the boy's head. Another boy had limb defects - his fingers on his hand were as if chopped off. In his memoirs, he said that he was injured during agricultural work. Stevenson managed to find people who told about a man who died from blood loss after an injury - his hand fell into a thresher. In the third case, a girl who was born without a foot told about reincarnation. She recalled herself as a young woman who was hit by a train and subsequently had the amputation of her right foot. However, she failed to survive. Among the studies of J. Stevenson, there were many cases when memories of past lives were documented, and the protocols of forensic autopsies coincided with the marks on the body of people whose souls underwent reincarnation.

Stevenson attached great importance to the stories of children 2–5 years old about their past life. Often these stories coincided in detail with actual events. At the same time, the children could not learn from somewhere about the life of the person they were talking about. Usually, by the age of 6-8, children's memory of the past already disappears. Eastern sages say that the past is hidden from people out of mercy, because few people are able to endure many deaths or come to terms with the inevitability of an endless path.

Ian Stevenson, while studying reincarnation, wrote the following works: "20 cases of reincarnation", "Children who remember previous lives: the search for reincarnations", "Reincarnation and biology", "European cases of reincarnation".

Our memory confirms the existence of reincarnation. Scientists recognize the existence of three types of memory about the past: deja vu, genetic memory and direct memories of past lives. Deja vu (fr. - “already seen”) is a mental phenomenon. It is about learning new things. For example, a person finds himself in a place for the first time, but it seems to him that he has already been here and everything seems familiar. However, in psychiatry, the frequent repetition of this phenomenon refers to pathology and accompanies some mental illnesses. Genetic memory gives a person deeper memories. It shows up unexpectedly. A person suddenly remembers some information about his distant ancestors. studied genetic memory famous psychologist and psychiatrist Carl Jung (Switzerland). In his opinion, the experience of each person is not lost, it is inherited from generation to generation and lurks in the depths of the brain. What is deja vu, he experienced for himself. One day a picture of a French artist made a strong impression on him. It depicted a doctor in the clothes of ancient times. K. Jung recognized the doctor's shoes and called them his own. He had the feeling that he once wore them. In addition to this, he was convinced that he lived in the 18th century. Often his hand wrote the year of birth incorrectly - 1775 instead of 1875. Automatic writing can be explained by genetic memory. Jung studied the archives and found out that one of his grandparents was living in the province at that time and was a doctor.

Many of our famous contemporaries talk about genetic memory. For example, Sylvester Stallone is sure that one of his distant ancestors was a nomad and served as a sentinel. Keanu Reeves says that his great-great-great-grandfather was a dancer in one of the temples in Bangkok. When conducting hypnotic sessions, these people were sent into the past and they confirmed their memories.

Our consciousness suppresses genetic memory, since memories of the past and knowledge of who our ancestors were can lead to a split personality. Often genetic memory manifests itself in a dream, when a person is owned by the subconscious

Memories of previous lives are associated with reincarnation. They differ from genetic memory, as a person remembers the lives of different people, but inhabited by one soul - his soul. In accordance with Eastern teachings, each person lives 5-50 reincarnations. Memories of a past life arise in people by chance. This may be due to head trauma, mental illness, or trance. Scientists studying the issues of reincarnation confirm that everything that happened in past lives affects the health and behavior of a person in the present. For example, many people experience fear. At the same time, a person may be afraid of what he suffered from in a previous life.

Cases of reincarnation

The existence of reincarnation is confirmed by numerous cases occurring in different places on the globe. Many people consider such stories to be fictions, hallucinations that originated in the minds of people tired of a monotonous life or mentally unhealthy. But it is amazing that hallucinating people describe so accurately real events and places. It can be assumed that memories of a past life are actually information that is received from other people psychically. However, none of the participants in these stories had paranormal abilities. In addition, psychics usually receive fragmentary information that is not related to each other. People who have undergone reincarnation have extensive memories.

From them you can build the fate of a person whose existence is confirmed by various sources.

Story 1

J. Stevenson conducted the first study of reincarnation with six-year-old Imad Al-Awar. This boy was the very first to say the words “Jamili” and “Mahmud”, which surprised his parents and all relatives very much. Later, he often repeated the word "Khibri". When Imad was 2 years old, he saw a stranger on the road, ran towards him and hugged him.

The man was surprised and asked: “Do we know each other?” Imad replied that he knew him as a good neighbor. Then it turned out that the man lives in the village of Khibri, which is located behind the mountains, at a distance of 30 km. A few years later, the boy continued to tell various stories, but in a more coherent way. He told about how he lived in Khibri and that he always wants to return there. He spoke of the beautiful Jamila. Also remembered about close relative, who was hit by a truck and crushed his legs, which led to his death. Relatives listened with pleasure to these stories, with the exception of the father. He forbade his son to talk about his memories, he was uncomfortable with the idea that his child was reincarnated.

Stevenson was very interested in this story. He talked for a long time and repeatedly with Imad, his relatives, and then he himself went to Khibri. There he found confirmation of the story about Saida's relative who died under the wheels of a truck. I also found out that Saida had a cousin, Ibrahim, who was condemned by fellow villagers for having a mistress, Jamila. Both brothers belonged to the Bumghazi family. Ibrahim died at the age of 25 from tuberculosis. During the last 6 months of his life, he did not get out of bed, but Mahmud, his uncle, took care of him. The description of Ibrahim's house exactly matched the boy's stories. And Ibrahim's neighbor turned out to be the same stranger whom Imad hugged on the road.

According to J. Stevenson's research, there were 44 facts in Imad's stories that coincided with the facts from the life of Ibrahim Bumghazi.

Story 2

Patient Juan was admitted to one of the Mexican psychiatric hospitals. He complained that he was tormented by mysterious visions. Juan saw himself as a priest of a large temple located on huge island. In his visions, he did the same thing every day - he laid out the mummies in large clay jars-sarcophagi and carried them to the altars, which were located in the numerous rooms of the temple. Haun described what was happening in great detail. He even saw that the priestesses serving him were dressed in blue dresses embroidered with blue roses. The walls of the rooms with altars were painted with birds, fish and dolphins, which were again blue. Once in one of scientific journals Stevenson came across an article about a mythical labyrinth on the island of Crete. It turned out that this labyrinth is not a palace, but a necropolis - a huge city of the dead. The rite of burial of the dead there fully corresponded to what Juan, who never knew about the island of Crete, told. Also, the patient did not know that the ancient Greeks considered blue and blue colors to be symbols of grief, and birds, fish and dolphins to accompany the souls of the dead to the afterlife.

Story 3

In Sri Lanka, there lived a boy named Sujit. When he was 2 years old, he told his mother that he was actually Sammy Fernando. Talking about himself as a different person, the boy said that his real home is located eight miles south of what he labors on railway. He further said that in a past life he was an alcoholic and died under the wheels of a truck. J. Stevenson conducted an investigation and found out that a man named Sammy Fernando really lived in the indicated place and he died as in the boy's story. When comparing the memories of the boy and the relatives of the deceased, 59 matches were found. With his memories, the boy amazed his parents up to 6 years. Then his memory of his past life calmed down.

Story 4

Many hypnotists believe that reincarnation can be studied through hypnosis and putting people into a deep trance. An experiment was conducted at the University of Munich in which several hundred people answered questions about the first three years of their lives while under hypnosis. The results of the experiment surprised scientists. About 35% of the participants in the experiment recalled events that had never happened to them in this life. Many of them suddenly began to speak in an unknown language. Psychologist Jan Courier's book No One Dies Forever tells the story of an American doctor in Philadelphia who practiced hypnosis with his wife. In a state of trance, she faded into the past and suddenly began to speak in a low male voice, and with a Scandinavian accent. The experts present at the hypnosis session came to the conclusion that the woman spoke in an outdated Swedish. However, still not all hypnologists explain the oddities that happen to people in a state of trance by reincarnation.

Story 5

Tina lived in Sao Paulo. She worked in a law office and early age remembered the details of her past life. Then she had a different name - Alex. Her mother's name was Angela. They lived together in France. Tina still prefers everything French and hates the Germans. This is due to the fact that in a past life she was killed by a Nazi soldier. In support of this, there are marks on her body. She has strange birthmarks on her chest and back, reminiscent of old bullet wounds.

Story 6

In 1907, in one English family Joan Grant is born. As a child, she often reminisced about her past life in some distant country. She shared her memories with her parents, but they forbade her to speak on the subject. As an adult, Joan went to travel. Her target was Egypt. Caught on ancient land, she received vivid memories of those distant times when the pharaohs still lived. Joan decided to write down everything her memory told her. There were many memories, but all the stories were unfinished. However, with the help of her husband, a psychiatrist, Joan wrote a book based on them, The Winged Pharaoh, which was published in 1937. It described the life of Seketa, the daughter of the pharaoh. The events in the book took place 3000 years ago. The work of Joan Grant was highly appreciated by literary critics, scientists, including Egyptologists. They noted the deep knowledge of the writer in the field of culture and history ancient egypt. They questioned only Joan's statement that Seketa is herself. Based on the materials of the memories of a past life, six more novels were written. Joan herself called them chronicles of past lives.

Story 7

Indian criminologist Vikram Rada Sing Chaohan from Pyatiyala studied the story of a child who was reincarnated. In the past, he lived in Jalandhar and was a different person. After some time, he was reborn in another place. Was held comparative analysis handwriting of two people and thus confirmed the existence of reincarnation.

A boy from a poor peasant family named Taranjit Singh was 6 years old. He constantly told his family about his past life. Starting from the age of 2, the boy repeated to his parents that he was not their son and repeatedly tried to run away from home. He repeated that his name was Santam Singh and had previously lived in the village of Chakhela, that his real father's name was Jeet Singh. In a past life, he attended a school in the village of Nihalwal. On September 10, 1992, he, along with fellow Sakhwinder Singh, was riding a bicycle home from school and had an accident. He was hit by fellow countryman Yoga Singh on a motor scooter. Santam died as a result of his injuries.

Since Taranjit constantly repeated his memories, described events, mentioned names, his parents went to Chakchela to clarify everything. They could not find the boy's real parents there, but received information that a village called Chakchela still existed in Jalandhar. They set off again. There, the parents found an old teacher who remembered a student named Santam Singh and the cause of his death, as well as the name of his father - Jeet Singh.

After Santam's parents were found, Taranjit's other stories were confirmed. At the time when Santam had an accident, he had two books and 30 rupees with him. The books were soaked in the boy's blood. It turned out that the mother of the deceased still keeps this money and books as a memory of her son.

Soon Santam's parents came to see Taranjit. They brought with them a wedding photograph, which the boy immediately recognized - he had seen it many times in his former life.

The newspapers carried an article about this story. Vikram Chaohan also read it, but did not believe in reincarnation. However, curiosity made him investigate. He interviewed many people in both locations and found many similarities in their stories. The criminologist also learned that a few days before his death, Santam had bought a notepad for 3 rupees on credit from a shop. When the shopkeeper met with Taranjit, the boy immediately remembered the debt, but named another amount - 2 rupees.

For the final clarification of the truth, the forensic scientist found samples of Santam Singh's handwriting and compared them with Taranjit Singh's handwriting. The handwriting of each person is unique, it is associated with the character of a person, his mental characteristics. After research, Vikram Chaohan found that the handwriting of the two boys was nearly identical. The slight difference could be explained by the difference in age - Taranjit is only 6 years old and does not write very well yet.

There were too many coincidences between the two boys to reject the reincarnation that had taken place. In the future, the handwriting of the boys was compared by other specialists and also found them almost the same.

The criminalist decided to continue watching Taranjit, because he never ceased to amaze everyone. The boy lives in a poor family and does not attend school. However, he was able to complete the task and write the English alphabet, as well as all the letters in the Punjabi language.

Thus, the existence of reincarnation can be considered scientifically confirmed.

Story 8

Prakash Varshni was born in the Indian town of Chhata in 1951. Once, when he was already 4.5 years old, he woke up at night and screamed, made attempts to escape from the house. His behavior frightened his parents, who tried to calm him down. The boy began to say strange things.

The Celtic priests (druids) believed in the reincarnation of the soul. They considered souls to be immortal. After the death of a person, the soul, in their opinion, moves to another body.

Prakash suddenly began to say that his name was Nirmal. The boy called his father to him, but at the same time he called him by the name Bholant, unfamiliar to everyone. He confusedly talked about the nearby city of Kosi-Kalan, and repeated that he was born there. Soon the boy calmed down and even fell asleep, but the next night the same thing happened again. The nightmares continued for a whole month. In the daytime, Prakash also thought about his family from Kosi-Kalan. He told about his sister Tara, described the house in which he supposedly lived real family. Prakash spoke about his father, a successful merchant who owns several shops. According to the boy, Bholanath had a steel safe in the house to store money. The boy himself (Nirmal) had a lockable box where he put his wealth and savings.

Prakash persistently talked about his memories and in the end his uncle decided to find out everything. They boarded a bus that was heading in the opposite direction to Kosi-Kalan. Prakash, who had never traveled anywhere, immediately burst into tears and began to ask to be taken home to Kosi Kalan, which is located in a completely different direction.

My uncle had to change buses with Prakash. Arriving at the desired location, they quickly found Bholant's store, but it turned out to be closed. Returning to Chhata, the boy cried very often. He stopped recognizing his mother and responding to his own name. The boy demanded that everyone call him Nirmal. One day he ran away from home and was found on the road to Kosi-Kalan. At the same time, Prakash had a large nail in his hands. The boy said they could open his real father's safe.

Varshni decided to punish the boy. He was put on a potter's wheel, beaten, but he did not stop remembering his past life. Bholant learned that a man and a boy calling himself Nirmal were looking for him. Bholanta had a son of that name, but he died a few years ago of smallpox. Other children remained, among whom there is a daughter, Tara.

Several years passed and in 1961 Bholant Jain went to Chhata to meet the boy who had the soul of his son. Prakash immediately recognized Bholant and was delighted with him. He asked questions about Tara, about his older brother.

After some time, the Jane family arrived in Chhata in full force. Prakash was very happy with his real mother, Tara, he also recognized his brother Devendra. The Janes invited Prakash to visit. When Prakash Varshni arrived at Kosi Kalan, he was immediately able to locate the Jains' home. This happened even though Tara tried to confuse Prakash and gave him the wrong way. The boy could not find the entrance to the house, as it was made elsewhere after Nirmal's death. However, in the house, he immediately indicated Nirmal's room and the one in which he lay before his death. He recognized some of the preserved toys that belonged to Nirmal, showed him the place where his father's safe was located.

Prakash recognized and called many relatives and neighbors by name. He addressed one of the neighbors simply with a greeting, as if he were an old acquaintance. It turned out to be Chiranji, who was the owner of a grocery store at the time Nirmal was alive. By the time he met Prakash, he had already sold his shop. The most surprising thing was that Prakash recognized his two aunts, who lived in their own half of the house and rarely left it. Even the neighbors did not know them by sight.

As a result of the meeting, the Jains were convinced that the soul of their dead son Nirmal was reborn in Prakash. The Varshni were very worried that the Janes would be able to take their son away from them. However, they were glad that Nirmala's soul was reborn and occasionally met with Prakash. Gradually, Prakash himself calmed down and his craving for the past life weakened.

Story 9

This story took place in 1977 in the town of Des Moines, Iowa. A daughter was born in the family of Barry and Bonnie Chris. The girl was named Romi. They were active and inquisitive. When Romi learned to speak, her parents, Catholics, were amazed. She chatted like all little children, and one day she started talking about her past life. She revealed that she was Joe Williams. Romy claimed she lived in a red brick house in Charles City. This town is 40 miles from Des Moines. The girl said that she had a wife, Sheila, and three children. According to Romy, Joe and Sheila were riding a motorcycle and died in an accident. The girl described these events in detail. At the same time, she said that these memories frighten her. Romy's stories were also about Joe's childhood. There was a fire in the house and his mother, fighting the flame, received a severe burn on her hand. She also said that Jo's mother had a pain in her right leg, and showed the sore spot. Romy really wanted to see her mother Louise and asked to take her to her.

Romy's parents did not know how to react to their daughter's words, they considered everything a fiction and tried to convince the girl of this. However, Romi told more and more details about Joe's life and the circumstances of his death. As a result, Romy's parents decided to turn to specialists, after which an experiment was conducted.

In 1981, investigator Henender Benerjee arrived in Des Moines with his wife and two journalists from the Swedish magazine Allers. They met with Romi and her parents. Then they all went together to Charles City to check on the girl's stories.

The girl was very excited all the way. She offered to buy mother Louise flowers and added that she liked blue ones. Driving up to the city, she said that they could not enter through the front door, that they should look around the corner for another door. On the outskirts of the city, near a white bungalow, they stopped. It wasn't a red brick house at all, but they saw a sign telling them to use the back door.

The door was opened by an old woman with crutches, right leg she had a bandage. It was Louise Williams. It turned out that she did indeed have a son named Joe. However, Louise was in a hurry to see a doctor and did not want to continue the conversation. Romy was upset by this refusal. An hour later, Louise returned and invited guests into the house. She was surprised blue flowers and remembered that the last time her son gave her just such a bouquet. Romy's father shared Romy's stories about Joe with Mrs. Williams. In response, the woman expressed great surprise at where such details about her and her son's life are known. She confirmed that she lived with her son in a red brick house, but it was destroyed by a tornado 10 years ago, at that time many houses were damaged in Charles City. After that, Joe helped her build this house, and they locked the front door for the winter.

The girl and Mrs. Williams liked each other very much. Romi tried to help the old woman in everything. Together they went to get photographs and returned holding hands. Romi recognized Joe and Sheila from the photographs. Many of Romy's stories were confirmed by facts - the existence of three children, Joe and Sheila, a fire, the names of relatives and much more. Mrs. Williams also corroborated the description of the accident that killed Joe. This happened 2 years before the birth of Romy. However, despite all the facts, Romy's parents and Joe's mother, who were convinced that the girl was not lying, found it difficult to believe that reincarnation had occurred.