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The main industries and the secret of the success of the Vietnamese economy. Vietnam is a priority destination for Russian exports

In 2014, Vietnam's foreign trade turnover amounted to USD 298.24 billion (+12.9%). Exports, compared to 2013, increased by 13.7% (150.19 billion US dollars), imports - by 12.1% (148.05 billion US dollars). Vietnam ranks 33rd in world exports and 31st in world foreign trade imports. Vietnam's main trading partners remain China - $58.5 billion (+17%), ASEAN countries - $42.1 billion (+5%), the European Union - $36.8 billion (+9%). %), USA - USD 34.9 billion (+20%), Republic of Korea - USD 28.9 billion (+6%), Japan - USD 27.6 billion (+9% ).

The share of mutual trade between Russia and Vietnam in the total trade turnover is very insignificant. Although over the past 5 years, the share of Vietnam in the Russian trade turnover had a steady upward trend: 2010 - 0.3%; 2011 - 0.37%; 2012 - 0.43%; 2013 - 0.47%, in 2014 Vietnam took only 37th place in Russia's foreign trade (2013 - 33rd place). According to Vietnamese statistics, Russian supplies in the total trade turnover of Vietnam account for 0.97%.

Statistics for 2014 show a decrease in trade between the two countries due to a sharp depreciation of the ruble against the dollar and a corresponding decrease in the volume of imports of Vietnamese goods to Russia. However, at the same time, Russian exports grew by 5.8% (the highest figure in the last 4 years), and imports from Vietnam for the first time in last years surrendered its positions and decreased by 11.6%.

In 2014, the main items of Russian exports to Vietnam were mineral fuel, oil and oil products (8.6% of total exports), fertilizers (7.4%), ferrous metals and ferrous metal products (3.2%); reactors nuclear boilers (3.5%), electrical machines (5.1%), aircrafts(13.5%), ships, boats and floating structures (41.5%), tools and apparatus (1.7%). The Russian market is interesting for Vietnam, primarily in terms of supplies of agricultural and aquaculture products, textile and clothing industries. In 2014 in the commodity structure of Vietnamese exports to Russia, 18.2% accounted for the traditional food group of goods (fish and crustaceans, edible fruits and nuts, coffee, tea, cereals, vegetable processing products, various food products etc.) 25.7% - textiles, clothing and footwear, 13.9% - for the article "reactors, nuclear boilers", 32.9% - for the article "electric machines".


A feature of modern Russian-Vietnamese relations is that today Vietnamese business invests more in Russia than Russian business in Vietnam. About 300 Vietnamese companies operate in Russia. Their main area of ​​activity is trade, food industry, production building materials. According to Vietnamese statistics, as of the beginning of 2014, the accumulated volume of direct Vietnamese investments in Russia amounted to 2.47 billion US dollars. The funds have been invested in 19 large companies in Russia. The overwhelming share of Vietnamese investments - 91% falls on Russian-Vietnamese projects (2) of cooperation in oil and gas industry. In turn, Russia in 2013 launched 11 new projects and made additional investments in one ongoing project (0.15 million USD) with a total registered capital of 1021.83 million USD. In terms of investment activity among investor countries in 2013, Russia ranked 5th. On the whole, Vietnamese statistics record Russian Federation in 18th place in terms of total investments of 1.95 billion US dollars (excluding JV Vietsovpetro, as well as investments in projects from foreign jurisdictions).

Russian companies continue to occupy leading positions in the country's energy sector. Up to 30% of crude oil produced in Vietnam and about 25% natural gas produced in joint ventures with Russian participation. The Vietsovpetro joint venture is one of the top three taxpayers in Vietnam. In 2014, the implementation of the largest nuclear power plant project in the history of bilateral relations continued. Russia remains a key partner of the SRV in the field of military-technical cooperation. Vietnam is a member of such international and regional economic organizations, as WTO (since 2007), IMF, Asian Development Bank ASEAN, APEC, ASEM.

International economic integration is considered as one of the significant elements of ensuring sustainable development countries. 33% of Vietnam's exports are delivered in the format of free trade zones. Over the past two years, exports with FTA partner countries have increased by more than 20% on average. On May 29, 2015, Vietnam signed the Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area with the Eurasian economic union. By 2020, Russia and Vietnam expect to achieve a mutual trade turnover of $10 billion.

A client from Vietnam has approached you and asks you to sell goods to them, but you do not know how to export from Russia? We can help you by providing our services in this direction. Our company will help you facilitate the procedure for exporting your goods to Vietnam from Russia. Our experience of working with this region has helped us find many profitable logistics solutions for the delivery of goods to buyers from Vietnam.

When exporting to Vietnam, we can offer:

  • Preparation of an international contract with a buyer from Vietnam in a foreign language
  • Registration of all necessary certificates, and in particular the certificate of origin of goods
  • Calculation and organization of delivery in any way you choose
  • Customs clearance of goods
  • Settlement with the buyer in foreign currency
  • Currency control report

Choosing our company as an assistant in the export of your goods to Vietnam, you will receive a reliable partner in export transactions. Our highly qualified specialists will provide free advice on all issues that have arisen.

Export to Vietnam, what documents are needed to complete the transaction?

To conduct a foreign economic transaction with a buyer from Vietnam, you will need to prepare an impressive package of documents. The main ones are:

  • International export contract in a foreign language
  • Invoice and specification
  • Customs declaration
  • Passports, certificates and licenses for exported goods
  • UPD or Waybill, Invoice
  • Shipping documents TTN or CMR
  • Currency control documentation

Details about all required documents for export to Vietnam, you can ask our specialists. Call us toll-free number 8-800-707-91-66 or leave a request for a call and you will be contacted short time.

Export to Vietnam from Russia step by step.

Russian suppliers sometimes receive requests from Vietnam for the purchase of various goods. But it's no secret that the export deal is fraught with many features and pitfalls. Because of this phenomenon, the majority of Russian suppliers who are successfully engaged in the production and sale of their goods in the territory of the Russian Federation are forced to refuse these requests from Vietnam.

Main steps when exporting toabout Vietnam to consider when planning the sale of goods:

  1. Calculation of delivery to the buyer. Choosing a reliable carrier.
  2. Determination of the TN VED code for each item of goods
  3. Accounting for export and import duties
  4. Customs clearance
  5. Obtaining the necessary certificates and passports for the goods
  6. Report to customs authorities
  7. Report to tax authorities
  8. Currency control report

As you can see from this list, the export deal is a separate voluminous work. And in order not to delve into the essence of these problems yourself, we offer our services for the export of goods to Vietnam.

Delivery of goods to Vietnam

When working with our company when exporting to Vietnam, you can fully rely on the responsible approach of our logisticians in the field of cargo delivery. They will quickly calculate the cost of delivery by the desired modes of transport to any city in Vietnam. We can also use transport company suggested by you. With us, the delivery of goods to Vietnam will become not only fast, but also cost-effective!


The Vietnamese economy is still of the developing type. It has a large share of agriculture and primary industries. Its other feature is the significant participation of the state in planning. There are still distortions in infrastructure: developed communications, aviation and a backlog in land transport, especially in rail and pipeline. A lot of goods are exported, which allows you to receive
The disadvantages include the presence of two economies in the country: its own Vietnamese and parallel in the form of foreign enterprises, which are practically not integrated into the overall economy of the country. In addition, there is concern about the constant increase in public debt.

Foreign firms annually open new ones in Vietnam shopping centers. Mall "Diamond Plaza"

During the 1990s, the 2000s and beyond, the Vietnamese economy has shown impressive success. Vietnam has been denationalizing since 1992. industrial enterprises. The involvement foreign investment, creation joint ventures. The service sector, trade and consumer goods production are now dominated by private enterprises. Vietnam is a member of the WTO. The annual GDP growth averaged 8.5%, but in 2008 it dropped to 6.5% and remains at about this level.
Quite large-scale projects in the field of energy and transport continue to be implemented. Vietnam ranks 1-2 in the world in the production and export of some agricultural products and is in the top ten in the export of light industry goods.

Chart of GDP growth of 10 countries with the highest data in 2016. Vietnam is in 2nd place.

Over the past 15 years, Vietnam has become one of the most notable exporters to the US. Beginning in late 2008, the effects of reduced demand from US consumers began to be felt. This affects furniture, electronics, clothing, textiles, shoes, seafood. This trend continued after the crisis. At the same time, with a decrease in gross exports, Vietnamese products have a chance to take a large share of American imports by ousting products from China, India, and Mexico due to their lower cost.

In 2009, the country moved to the level of moderately developed countries in terms of annual per capita income, exceeding $1,000. In 2011, there were many discussions about how to avoid the middle income economic trap, which could lead to the loss of competitiveness of the Vietnamese economy. After all, before that, the main factor of its competitiveness was the low level wages. In connection with its growth, this factor plays an ever smaller role. Therefore, to ensure further economic growth, innovative approaches, highly qualified personnel, and more efficient management are needed.

Since 2009, the public debt has grown noticeably. Especially high rates of its growth were observed from 2012 onwards. In 2015, the amount of public debt reached $66.7 billion and amounted to 50.3% of GDP, and in mid-2016 it was already 62.2%. It consists of internal and external borrowings. The share of outsiders in it decreased from 61% from 2011 to 43% in 2015, although in absolute terms it did not change much.
At the same time, unreasonable spending from the budget grew. Instead of investing money in the development of the economy, a significant part of it was spent on ill-conceived projects. And this despite the fact that practically the only way to reduce the public debt for Vietnam is to reduce and eliminate just such expenses.

However, the probability of default is still regarded as low.

Economy of Vietnam in 2015-16

In 2015, GDP grew by 6.7%. The level of income per person was $2036. Annual inflation is only 0.6%.

Export - $162 billion, import - $166 billion.

Foreign exchange reserves - more than $32 billion.

In industry, growth was 9.8%.
Agriculture uses 10.8 million hectares of land. Thanks to the constant intensification of production in the agricultural sector, food production and exports are increasing. In 2016 according to agriculture and the economy as a whole was hit hard by the worst drought in 90 years.

New economic model

The new model of the Vietnamese economy proposed by the government after the first decade of the 21st century includes the following directions.

Restructuring of industry and services. This means a shift from low-value-added industrial production to high-value-added products, with a focus on supporting the production of high-tech products, where Vietnam has real opportunities.

Restructuring of enterprises. For it, it is necessary to apply the latest world scientific and technological achievements in the areas of management and production, and in accordance with this, reform corporate governance. Enterprise restructuring is the basis for creating a new face for the Vietnamese economy.

Marketing strategy adjustment. globalization and international integration opens up a huge market for businesses, allowing them to take full advantage of the benefits arising from their investment projects. But, globalization also increases the interdependence of economies, especially with high level cooperation like Vietnamese.
It is necessary to diversify products and export markets, limiting dependence on several markets, while at the same time encouraging the development of the domestic market, especially in countryside. In the foreign market, the main thing now is not just the growth of exports in one country or territory, but penetration into the value chain.

Reducing public spending in general and increasing incentives to attract investment from the private sector and foreign firms, developing new forms of investment, in particular public-private partnerships.

The key industries, which together should act as the “locomotive” of the Vietnamese economy, are considered to be the electric power industry, electronics, food processing, shipbuilding, agricultural engineering, the production of automotive components and spare parts, oil and gas production and processing, and tourism.

Placement of means of production

Three key economic regions have been created in Vietnam:
1. Northern, which includes the cities of Hanoi and Haiphong, the provinces of Quang Ninh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Hatay, Vinh Phuc, and Bak Ninh.
2. Central with the city of Da Nang and the provinces of Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam and Binh Dinh.
3. Southern with the city of Ho Chi Minh City and the provinces of Dong Nai, Baria-Vung Tau, Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, and Longan.
The most economically powerful is the southern region.

The overwhelming majority of industrial and export zones operate in these regions, occupying together more than 27 thousand hectares. Many of them appeared thanks to foreign investments.

Export and import

Vietnam has received more benefits than negatives from WTO accession. The annual increase in exports by volume of goods increased by 20%.

Main exports: crude oil, textiles, leather shoes, seafood. The main trading partners are USA, China, EU, Japan, South Korea.
Agricultural products, including seafood, are exported for $30 billion. Vietnamese rice is already supplied to more than 70 countries of the world and the country ranks 3rd in the world in terms of its export.
Back in 2007, Vietnam overtook Thailand and Indonesia in Southeast Asia in terms of furniture exports.
In the export of cashew nuts, Vietnam holds the 1st place. Vietnam holds half of the global market for black pepper, which allows it to influence prices to a certain extent.
Clothing exports are estimated at $25 billion, shoes - at $16 billion.

Currency, banks

Dong - the currency of Vietnam is not yet convertible. In August 2016, the official exchange rate was VND 21,847 to US$1. The inflation rate was at the usual average annual level.

The role of the banking sector in the Vietnamese economy is constantly growing. The largest bank in Vietnam in terms of size authorized capital and other indicators is Agribank. There are many branch commercial banks and medium-sized commercial banks in the country. State Bank of Vietnam recent times became more actively involved in the regulation of the banking sector.

Foreign investment

Viet Nam actively encourages foreign companies invest in industry. In 2008, foreign direct investment in Vietnam reached $60 billion. In 2009, the amount was already much more modest - $21.48 billion. there was a further decline in foreign direct investment, then there was stabilization and even some increase. For the first 7 months of 2016, $12.94 billion was received.
Vietnam has 135 industrial and export zones, covering a total of more than 27,000 hectares. Most of these areas are located in the Red River Delta, in the industrial hub of Ho Chi Minh City, as well as on the central coast. Many of them appeared thanks to foreign investments.

Modernization

Attracting foreign investment for extensive development fades into the background. Importance began to be given to its own innovations and efficient use human resources. In this regard, the tasks are set to sharply improve the skills of workers, engineers, managers, and create more jobs that require high qualifications.
Attention is drawn to the need to increase the competitiveness of Vietnamese enterprises, first in the domestic market.

In the training of engineering personnel, Vietnam again paid attention to Russian universities and began to send several hundred students a year to study in some technical specialties.

mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering is a relatively new industry. In the early 2000s, maritime engineering, in other words, shipbuilding, achieved great success. Vietnam ranks 5th in the world in terms of tonnage of ships under construction, ahead of, among other things, Russia. Export profits from the sale of ships built in Vietnam in other years exceeded $200 million. However, the corruption scandal at the Vinashin Corporation set this industry far back. Almost 10 years have passed since it, but shipbuilding cannot return to its previous positions.
About 50,000 cars are produced a year, almost all of them at enterprises with foreign capital.

Woodworking, furniture and paper production

One of the important items of Vietnamese exports is woodworking products. Vietnam exports timber products to 120 countries. The largest importer is the United States, as well as Japan and the EU countries.
The main woodworking enterprises are located in the south and in the central part of the country. There are 200 wood processing companies in the southern province of Binh Duong alone, 64 of which are with foreign investment.

Vietnam produces a lot of high and medium quality furniture. A significant part of it is exported.

Paper production is a relatively new direction. The annual growth rate here is higher than in the industry as a whole.

Manufacture of clothing and footwear

Vietnam produces a huge amount of clothing and footwear, mainly for export. The EU countries have repeatedly made efforts to protect their market from high-quality and cheap light industry goods from Vietnam, but in vain. The market dictates its terms, European buyers make a choice in favor of Vietnamese goods.

Their own brands of clothing and footwear began to appear, although they have not yet received recognition abroad.

Electric cable production

The annual growth in the cable sector of Vietnam is kept at the level of 20-30%. Electrical wires and cables for household use, cables for power distribution, wires with copper and aluminum conductors for medium voltage, high-voltage wires and cables, wires for electromagnets of machines and electronics are produced. The most intensive growth is observed in companies producing wiring harnesses for the automotive industry.

Agriculture

The main agricultural crop in Vietnam is rice, which occupies vast areas throughout the country on the plains and, in some places, in the highlands. From 1990 to 2005, rice production in Vietnam tripled and stabilized. Rice exports approached 7 million tons.
Other crops: corn, cashew nuts, various vegetables and fruits. Poultry farming, pig breeding, and beekeeping are well developed. The scourge of the poultry industry is recurring outbreaks of avian influenza, although in recent years they have occurred much less frequently than in the early 2000s.

Tea plantations occupy 125 thousand hectares in 33 provinces, half a million workers are employed in the tea industry. 350,000 hectares are occupied by cashew nuts. Fishing and fish farming, production and cultivation of seafood are actively developing. Seafood in Vietnam is very cheap. The total export of seafood is about $3.5 billion per year.

Transport

In the last decade, the fastest growing civil Aviation, both on international lines and on domestic ones. The national carrier is Vietnam Airlines. In addition to it, several private airlines operate in Vietnam.

Vietnam needs a major upgrade of the railways in order to speed up the delivery of passengers and goods. Back in 2008, the government adopted a railway modernization program. In fact, modernization is proceeding slowly. In the future, the share of cargo transportation by railway should be as high as 20%.

Despite the fact that there are no high-speed autobahns in Vietnam, the paved road network is well developed. All more or less important settlements interconnected by paved roads. There are many bus routes within the provinces.

Tourism

At the turn of the first and second decades of the 21st century, domestic and foreign tourism have become quite a prominent part of the economy, which has never happened before. The number of foreign tourists in 2015 exceeded 7 million.

The infrastructure of the tourism industry is improving at a good pace, especially in terms of the construction of new hotels.

Exports from Russia to Vietnam fell sharply immediately after the collapse of the USSR. Experts attribute this to the end of a large-scale state support export from Russia to Vietnam. It's no secret that long years this country received goods exclusively under government contracts. The resumption of export routes from Russia to Vietnam became interesting after the signing of a free trade agreement between the EAEU and Vietnam. Immediately after the signing of the agreement, it was announced that Russian-made goods would receive preferences. In particular, they will concern the import of wheat flour by Vietnam. The rate of duty on it is subject to zero. Exports to Vietnam and a number of other goods will be organized according to the same principle.

Vietnam is now showing particular interest in a number of Russian goods. First of all, this is due to the lack of large-scale production of electrical machines and equipment, as well as spare parts for them, in Vietnam. Fertilizers from Russia, fuel, oil and products of their distillation are in demand; ores, slag and ash. A separate category for export from Russia to Vietnam is photographic and cinematographic instruments, optical apparatus, measuring and control technology, medical and surgical instruments. Vietnamese willingly buy Russian boilers and heating systems, rubber, rubber and products from it.

You should not consider exports from Russia to Vietnam as an uncontrolled and absolutely free process. In this country, there are a number of restrictions on the import of products. So the Vietnamese authorities strictly regulate and quantitatively quota the import of salt, tobacco, eggs, sugar. Vietnam imposes rather serious requirements on the mechanisms for licensing imports in relation to steel and iron. There are also direct import bans in the country. For example, there is a ban on the import of products cultural sphere which local authorities may consider "immoral and reactionary." It is not possible to export certain types of children's toys, including video games, to Vietnam. You cannot import used consumer goods, including used spare parts for Vehicle, used internal combustion engines with less than 30 hp. There is a ban on appliances software for encryption. There are bans on a number of GMO products.

In addition, Vietnam seriously restricts re-export and transshipment hazardous waste, as well as temporary bans on the re-export of a number of consumer products, including used products, frozen animal by-products, and meat waste. There are restrictions on the re-export of alcohol and tobacco.

For the export of many goods, it is necessary to obtain permits from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam. Serious restrictions exist in the area of ​​phytosanitary control.

According to the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, over the past three years, exports from the Russian Federation to Vietnam have grown significantly in the following positions:

  • Wheat - 278%
  • Gasoline and diesel fuel - 159%
  • Fertilizers - 140%
  • Vehicles and spare parts – 130%
  • Paper - 150%
  • Wood and wood products – 141%

The overall growth of exports from Russia to Vietnam, according to the Bank of Russia, grew by almost 200% over three years.

When concluding export transactions, it should be taken into account that goods from Russia to Vietnam can only be delivered by sea and air transport.

The main industries and the secret of the success of the Vietnamese economy

Vietnam is a small country with great potential for economic development, demonstrating in recent decades highest economic growth in South-East Asia. Some statistics: on the territory of 331 thousand square meters. km is home to about 93 million people, the average population density is 278 people / sq. km. km. At the same time, in mountainous areas it is the smallest, and in coastal areas and in megacities it can reach 1100 people/sq. km. Life expectancy is high - almost 70 years for men and about 75 years for women. Annual GDP growth rates reach 6.7%. What is the secret of such rapid development?

Vietnam is one of the few strongholds of socialism on the planet. Decades of bloody wars in the 20th century destroyed the country, literally and figuratively. However, socialism survived, but the approach to the economy changed due to the inefficiency of exclusively planned economic management. Elements came to the country market economy- the government began to develop it private sector. Since 1992, enterprises began to be taken out of state control, which attracted the first investments in the country. In the early 2000s, most of them in the service sector, production of consumer goods and trade became private.

Today, the country is considered moderately developed, with an average per capita income of over $2,000 a year. In general, Vietnam is an export-oriented country, its main products are agricultural products, light industry goods, coffee, oil, furniture and other manufactured goods. Their high level of competition in the world market is due in large part to the low level of wages in Vietnam. On average, it is 100-300 dollars a month.


Vietnam is a member of the WTO, which brought him more benefits than disappointments. The market for exports has expanded significantly. Today, its main partners are the US, EU, Japan, South Korea and China.

Updated economy model. What is the secret of success?

Why is the Vietnamese economy showing such an unprecedented GDP growth, what is the secret of their success? The second decade of the 21st century was marked by landmark decisions by the country's government. They relate to a new vector of economic development:

  • Increasing the science intensity of production. The industry should be reoriented to the production of high-tech products;
  • Reform of management and production itself with a focus on world experience and achievements in order to create a new image of the Vietnamese economy;
  • To avoid dependence on a limited number of markets, adjustment of the marketing strategy. This increase in integration into world economy, expanding sales markets and the range of exported goods. Moreover, integration is not just like entering any market with your products, but penetration into the production chain;
  • Decrease in public spending through increased investment - foreign and from the private sector;
  • The transformation of the electric power industry, shipbuilding, oil and gas processing, agricultural engineering and tourism into the leading sectors of the economy, which could become the "locomotive" of its development.

The main sectors of the Vietnamese economy

Despite rapid development in recent decades, Vietnam still remains in more agricultural country. Tourism, especially after 2010, is developing rapidly. Everything greater place in industry, shipbuilding and mining occupy, crowding out light industry.

Production

Most of the production was concentrated in the Central and South Vietnam. A developed industrial center is Ho Chi Minh City. Danang and Hanoi are considered two more major centers. You can read more about the city. The main mineral reserves are located in the north of the country. In recent years, the most intensively developing industries are metallurgical, machine-building, steelmaking and the production of building materials. The chemical industry produces mainly fertilizers. One of the export items is electronics and components for it.

It is not for nothing that the government makes electricity generation one of the priority projects in the Vietnamese economy. Natural resources enable the industry to continue to grow. Vietnam has considerable reserves of oil, natural gas and coal. Over the past 20 years, electricity production has doubled thanks to an extensive network of hydroelectric power plants.

Light industry is not inferior to heavy industry and produces high-quality leather shoes, fabrics and clothes, goods from porcelain, glass and faience. Handicraft products are in great demand for export - national carpets and mats, jewelry, pottery and woodcarving. Also in Vietnam they make good cosmetics. About what it is, read the material at the link.


Vietnam is home to many clothing factories of world brands. Have you ever paid attention to what is written on Columbia labels? It says "Made in Vietnam". At the same time, the quality is the highest. In 2015-2016, the industry showed an increase of almost 10%.

Tourism

Vietnam is gradually becoming a tourist Mecca for travelers from all over the world. It attracts not only "package" tourists, but also scientists, researchers, diving enthusiasts and all types of surfers. Focusing on the increased demand for tourism services, large hotel chains enter the country, building their hotels and investing in the development of Vietnam's tourism infrastructure.

Mainly, the country is focused on beach holidays. Therefore, the largest funds are invested in coastal resorts. At the same time, trade is also developing, because tourists, along with beach holiday highly valued and shopping in this country.

The development of ecological tourism puts the authorities in front of the need to develop and maintain an already considerable number of national parks and reserves. Income from the tourism industry is one of the main sources of income in the Vietnamese economy.

Agriculture

It is agricultural products that make up a significant part of exports in the Vietnamese economy. In terms of rice supplies to foreign markets, the country overtook China. The country holds half of the global market for black pepper, having the ability to influence prices. In terms of coffee exports, Vietnam has long overtaken Brazil and today occupies the third place in the world, and the first in the export of cashew nuts.

The climatic conditions of mountainous Vietnam favor the cultivation of tea. Fruit abundance in the markets of the country speaks for itself. Agriculture also includes fishing, in particular, the cultivation of seafood. Shellfish are grown on an industrial scale on farms, and fish are bred right in the ocean, growing it in special cages.


In addition to the main crop of rice, which occupies almost all the cultivated areas of Vietnam, all the vegetables we know are grown here ─ tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, potatoes, beets, corn, cabbage of various varieties. There are livestock and poultry farms developed beekeeping and coffee cultivation. Read the detailed article on the given link.