Year of formation of the pioneer. Conditions for the emergence of a white movement. Timeline of the children's movement
History of the All-Union Pioneer Organization
At the end of 1921, the Central Committee of the RKSM created a special commission to develop a program and principles for the activities of a new children's organization. Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya took a direct part in the work of the commission. One of the ideologists of scouting I.N. Zhukov, striving to embody the positive aspects of the scouting movement in the children's organization, proposed the motto "Be ready!"
May 19, 1922- 2nd All-Russian Conference The Komsomol decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.
October 1922- The 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments organized in different cities Russia, in the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak".
January 21, 1924- By the decision of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the pioneer organization was named after V.I. Lenin.
March 1926- The pioneer organization became known as the All-Union Pioneer Organization. V.I. Lenin.
The first pioneer detachments, uniting the children of workers and peasants, worked at the Komsomol cells of factories, factories, institutions; participated in subbotniks, helped in the fight against child homelessness, in the elimination of illiteracy.
1923- Outposts and bases began to be created in schools - associations of the pioneers of a given school, regardless of their place of residence. There were up to 75,000 pioneers in the pioneer organization.
Late 1930s- The restructuring of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was completed according to the so-called school principle: a class - a detachment, a school - a pioneer team. Military defense work was launched in the pioneer collectives; circles of young shooters, orderlies, signalmen were created, military sports games were held.
1941-1945- A mass Timurov movement unfolded throughout the country, the emergence of which is associated with the name of the writer Arkady Gaidar and his story "Timur and his team."
Young pioneers helped the families of veterans, collected medicinal herbs, scrap metal, funds for tank columns, were on duty in hospitals, worked at the harvest. For courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, pioneers Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, thousands of pioneers were awarded orders and medals.
1962- The All-Union Pioneer Organization was awarded the Order of Lenin for the great work in the communist education of children and in connection with the 40th anniversary.
1970- In the World Pioneer Organization, there were more than 118 thousand squads, uniting 23 million pioneers. During the entire existence of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, more than 210 million people have visited its ranks.
After "perestroika", the All-Union Pioneer Organization abandoned its political overtones, adopting a new motto: "For the Motherland, goodness and justice."
Mid 1980s- Attempts were made to reform the pioneer organization, but the children's and youth organization on the same scale was not created.
October 1990- The successor of the pioneer organization - "Union pioneer organizations- Federation of Children's Unions "- an international voluntary independent union uniting children's public organizations, associations and others public associations formed with the participation of children and in their interests.
The Union of Pioneer Organizations was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in 1992 as a non-governmental public organization independent of political parties and movements.
Symbols and rituals in the pioneer organization
Pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to a pioneer organization, a particle of the banner of a pioneer organization. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable bond of three generations: communists, Komsomol members, and pioneers. The tie was tied with a special knot. The chairman of the squad had a red tie with a yellow border. In the pre-war years, one of the attributes of the pioneer uniform was a special clip that fastened the ends of the pioneer tie. This attribute was desirable, but not required. The symbolism of the clamp is interesting. Five logs of fire means five continents. Three tongues of flame - Comintern (3rd International). The disappearance of clamps from everyday life in the post-war years has several reasons. First of all, this is the dissolution of the Comintern itself, in the flame of which logs-continents are burned (respectively, the symbolism lost its meaning). This was also facilitated by the mass psychosis that engulfed the broad pioneer masses in the late thirties. It suddenly seemed to someone that in the flames of a fire, upon careful examination, one could find everything - from the Nazi swastika to the profile of Trotsky.
Pioneers badge was described in the Regulations on the children's communist groups named after Spartak (the old name of the pioneers) of August 28, 1923: a sickle and a hammer, a burning fire, the motto "Be ready!" are depicted on a red waving flag.
On December 14, 1925, the second version of the badge appeared (the Lenin Mausoleum was added to it). In 1927, the image of Lenin appeared on the badge. In 1934, the badge was changed again - the motto changed to "Always ready!". In September 1942, the badge took the form five pointed star, in the center a bonfire and the motto "Always ready!". In 1944, instead of a bonfire, a sickle and a hammer appeared in the center of the star, and three flames began to be depicted above the star. In 1962, the last sample of the badge was adopted: in the center of the five-pointed star is the profile of Lenin, below it is the motto "Always ready!", Above the star are three flames. There were detachment badges of the pioneers - red with the image of a pioneer badge.
Firework- Welcome to the pioneers. The hand raised just above the head showed that the pioneer was putting public interest above personal.
The pioneer saluted, being in the ranks and out of order: during the performance of the "International", the Anthem of the Soviet Union and the anthems of the union republics, in response to the pioneer motto, at the command "Leading on the banner!", "Leading on the flag!", At the Mausoleum, at the monuments to V. I. Lenin and monuments and obelisks fallen heroes. When submitting a report, when changing the guard at the banner, when declaring gratitude before the ranks, awarding, upon receiving the Red Banner, detachment flag or pioneer attributes, welcoming the military and pioneer ranks. At the parade, the line, passing by the stands, the pioneers carried out the command "Attention!" aligned to the right or left. During the greeting of the leaders of the pioneer organization, honorary pioneers, the salute was given only by the senior leader leading the column, the chairman of the squad council, detachment leaders, chairmen of the detachment councils, assistants at the banner.
Pioneer banner- a red cloth, which depicted a pioneer badge and the motto "Be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!". Two Orders of Lenin were pinned to the main banner of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. Even the pioneer detachments had banners (at the household level, this classroom) - red with a pioneer badge, squad number and honorary squad name.
Squad flag was a symbol of honor and unity of the pioneers, a sign of their belonging to a specific pioneer team. With a detachment flag, the pioneers went to training camps, lines, parades, holidays, campaigns, excursions, and labor affairs. On the march, the flag officer walked directly behind the leader and the chairman of the detachment council, ahead of the bugler and drummer. On Sunday, a tourist halt, the flag was installed or fixed in a conspicuous place.
Flag had to be able to carry out the following commands: “Equal!”, “Attention!”, “At ease!”, “Step march!” The flag was stored in the pioneer room next to the banner of the squad. Here, as a rule, bugles and drums were kept.
The names pioneer horn and drum appeared almost simultaneously with the word "pioneer". The history of these musical instruments is as great as the history of mankind. But it is more than just musical instruments. The sounds of the bugle and the drum are a call to the pioneers, to their unity, to their activities aimed at protecting the Motherland, serving the good, seeking and establishing justice.
Horn convened the pioneers with signals: “Listen to everyone”, “Gathering”, “To the banner”, “ marching march”, “On the line”, “Alarm” and some others. The bugler of the detachment was a responsible pioneer assignment, he had to be able to perform drill techniques with a horn and give signals: “Listen to everyone”, “Gathering”, “To the banner”, “Traveling march”, “To the line”, “Alarm” and some others. On the pioneer line, the place of the bugler was on the right flank of the formation next to the drummer, in the column of the detachment - behind the flag.
Drum accompanied the system during campaigns, processions, parades. The drummer of the detachment (he, like the bugler, was elected by the assembly or the council of the detachment) had to be able to perform drill techniques, perform "March", "Fraction".
All these symbols and rituals were borrowed by the organizers from scouting, as well as the division into squads, the institute of counselors, campfire gatherings, symbolic elements (for example, in the pioneer badge, three bonfire flames replaced the three petals of the scout badge, 3 ends of a tie began to mean 3 generations - pioneers, Komsomol members and communists, etc.).
Oath uttered by everyone joining the ranks of the organization.
It sounded like this: “I, I.F., joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, in the face of my comrades, solemnly swear: to love my Motherland passionately; to live, study and fight as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches; always comply with the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union."
"Be ready!"
"Always ready!"
The law of the pioneers of the Soviet Union all pioneers should have known by heart.
The pioneer is devoted to the motherland, the party, communism.
Pioneer is preparing to become a member of the Komsomol.
The pioneer looks up to the heroes of struggle and labor.
Pioneer honors the memory of the dead fighters and is preparing to become a defender of the Fatherland.
Pioneer is the best in studies, work and sports.
The Pioneer is an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly standing up for the truth.
Pioneer - comrade and counselor of the October.
Pioneer is a friend to pioneers and children of working people of all countries.
Pioneer means first.
The pioneer organization was founded on May 19, 1922 by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol to organize children aged 9 to 14 years. At the Fifth Congress of the Komsomol, laws and customs of young pioneers, a solemn promise, and a regulation on a pioneer organization are adopted. The pioneer organization can be called a school of political activity. The pioneers helped adults build a new, just and happy life.
More than one generation of guys passed through the pioneer organization. The ability to be friends and help each other, the ability to work and fulfill one's duty to the team, the ability to love the Motherland - all these qualities Soviet people absorbed from the pioneer organization.
"Country of Pioneers" - what it was like in our republic, what causes pioneers of different years and generations gave their warm hearts, minds and all their strength to.
Pioneer devoted to the motherland, party, communism.
Pioneer preparing to become a member of the Komsomol.
Pioneer keeps alignment with the heroes of struggle and labor.
Pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and is preparing to become the defender of the Motherland.
Pioneer persistent in learning, work and sports.
Pioneer- an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly stands for the truth.
Pioneer- comrade and leader of the October.
Pioneer- a friend to the pioneers and children of working people of all countries.
I (last name, first name), joining the ranksAll-Union Pioneer
organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,
in front of your comradessolemnly promise:
passionately love your homeland,live, learn and fight,
as the great Lenin bequeathed,
as the communist party teaches,
always fulfillLaws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.
Decree Soviet power from October 29, 1917 child labor was banned. For teenagers from the age of 14, a 6-hour working day is established. Night and overtime work is prohibited. The doors of all educational institutions opened before them.
Summer 1918 young enemies Soviet Republic started a civil war.
In Izhevsk and Votkinsk, children's communist organizations were born - the "House of the Young Proletarian" (DUP).
When the senior comrades united the Communist Youth Union, the attraction of inquisitive, energetic, recklessly brave guys to it turned out to be boundless. But the obstacle to joining the RKSM for 10-12-year-old youths was its Charter. His older brother, the Komsomol, came to the rescue. The Izhevsk residents allocated one of the rooms for the children, and most importantly, they sent a sincere, enterprising and cheerful leader to the children - a Komsomol member Kiryakov. Soon the words of the young proletarians' oath were heard: "Fight for the councils of the workers, peasants and soldiers' deputies, be reliable and faithful helpers Komsomol and Bolsheviks, always be brave and truthful.
What did the young pioneers do? - Helped adults build a new life.
Children eagerly listened to stories about Lenin, the Red Army, the Komsomol, went on campaigns, participated in subbotniks, military games held by the Komsomol.
November 4, 1920 By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the formation of the Udmurt Autonomous Region was proclaimed. The civil war ended, but the difficulties of the post-war devastation were multiplied by a lean summer, and the 1921 famine year came.
The Party called on the people to fight ruin and hunger, to take paternal care for children. The Vyatka Provincial Committee of the Komsomol appealed: “Young people, do you hear? Little orphans, whose fathers and mothers fell victim on the fronts, need your help, your support. civil war or buried in the ground alive, burned on barges, shot or hung on telegraph poles by the White Guards. Now they are the children of the Republic. They need bread, they need shelter. They need light and warmth. They need affection, hello. These children are the future builders of a new life, the creators of the future Commune. But they need to be educated, nurtured, nurtured.” (Pioneer chronicle. Kirov, 1972, p. 20.)
Thousands of youngsters filled the labor exchanges. 137 orphanages were opened for orphans. 1181 teenagers were accepted to the factories of Izhevsk. A special dining room was opened for them. Thanks to the efforts of the Izhevsk Komsomol members, 150 children became the first students of the Factory Apprenticeship School (FZU).
May 17, 1923 the date of the decision of the presidium of the regional executive committee on the recognition of the organization of detachments of young pioneers as necessary and deserving of any encouragement.
The date of the decision was the birthday of the Udmurt Regional Pioneer Organization.
A memorable event took place in a picturesque corner near Vazhnina Klyuch, near Izhevsk. Here everything was first - and the pioneer camp in huts, where 45 pioneers had already lived all July, and the ruler lined up around the pioneer fire, and for the first time the words of a solemn promise were heard in the face of senior comrades - communists, Komsomol members, factory workers.
Pioneer! Fight homelessness! Appeals, concerts, demonstrations, mass holidays, evenings, camping trips played scouts, they loved to compete for the best runner, cook, doctor.
Teaching was the password of those years! Learned and taught others. One got tired, another one sat down to take his place at the primer with his grandmother. What our students did not reward - pies, apples, jam, tears.
By the mid-20s, the country's economy was restored. The results of the medical examination of children showed that 60% of the children were anemic, 70% had measles, scarlet fever and other contagious diseases. The participants of the regional meeting of pioneer workers in 1926 decided: health promotion, physical education, problems of everyday life and education - the first place in the work.
In the 20s the craze started sports. The Komsomol put forward the slogan "Give physical education!". But the leader had nothing to give to the pioneers. He had neither the material base nor coaching skills.
Since 1926 the hobby for pyramids and floor exercises began. At all holidays and rallies one could hear a call like this:
Fool - drop it! Smoke - drop it!
Physical culture build!
In 1932 The Central Bank of the Far East Kazakhstan region has proposed to begin preparations for mass sports holidays based on the GTO complex. Began a systematic all-encompassing work to master the secrets of sportsmanship.
Pioneer history 20's captured numerous hut towns in the picturesque places of Udmurtia. But the romance of camp life had difficulties. Fir spruce branches served as a bed and a roof. Homemade products were delivered by boat. Lunches were cooked in a makeshift oven dug into the side of a cliff. Potatoes were baked on a fire. There were not enough products. Gathered berries, mushrooms, sorrel, wild rose.
Since 1926 code favorite "potato" becomes a song of pioneer history.
The most enthusiastic response to the Motherland's care for the health of children was given by the first Artek residents. The All-Union camp opened in 1925, and the next summer it hosts 70 Ural pioneers.
The struggle on the health front was an integral part of the cultural revolution. Its scale was expanded by the front of enlightenment of the masses.
Campaign against illiteracy was the central issue of the Cultural Revolution. In the reading huts they wrote in large letters:
It's time, comrade grandfather,
It's time, comrade grandmother,
Sit down at the primer.
The older pioneers taught literacy in circles for the elimination of illiteracy (literacy programs), while the younger ones taught at home. They had one more duty - to make sure that the illiterate did not miss classes, to prepare chalk, a rag, chairs for the beginning of them. Often we had to make benches ourselves. The pioneer received a task: if there is an illiterate person in his family, teach him to write and read, help a neighbor.
The 1st All-Union Gathering of Pioneers “Forward, Constricted Detachments!” The rally assessed the work of the pioneers during the years of the first five-year plan.
The pioneers of the 30s comprehended the letter according to the words "five-year plan", "drummer", "collective farm", "industry". For the rest of my life, the delegates of the regional meeting of pioneer shock workers (1932) remembered an excursion to Izhevsk Armory. The power of the industry was imprinted in my memory: huge workshops, fountains of flaming metal sparks, the bed of a fiery river and breathing rolled metal. The guys really realized that the end of the economic difficulties of the state is near. There will be, soon there will be sugar, and tea, and white bread, and home-made canvas slippers with hemp rope soles will go down in history.
These were the years of giant new buildings, the Bolshevik Party needed financial resources and an accelerated pace of work. Social competition, Stakhanov movement. Campaigning for the purchase of government bonds.
The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in its resolution of 1932 "On the Work of the Pioneer Organization", suggested that the detachments resolutely reorganize their work. The activity of the pioneers should be concentrated in the school in order to lead the children's collective in the struggle for knowledge and conscious discipline, to help rebuild the school on a polytechnical basis, to develop children's interest in science, technology, production and broad creativity.
The meeting raised high the problem of deep and solid knowledge. The first-born of industry and the collective farm system needed ideologically mature, educated, cultural graduates of schools, universities and technical schools were waiting for them. In order to lead the children's collective in carrying out one of the most important tasks of socialist construction, the pioneer organization completely transferred to the school.
We are the children of the proletariat
We are given an order by the country:
In the plan of the great five years
Our curriculum is included...
Gathering all the squads
Blow, bugler, into your trumpet!
Bully and lazy
We declare a fight.
The main order of the rally sounded succinctly: for knowledge!
The pioneer organization has actively entered into school life, groups for the training of counselors were organized at the Glazov Pedagogical School, Yak-Body, Multan.
Pioneer mentors study, and in 1940 they pass an exam for the certificate "Senior counselor of young pioneers." So the senior counselor came to the school.
The forms of pioneer work are deepened and improved. Circles, research, experiments, scripts, literary evenings in libraries became indispensable companions of study.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Osipov is associated with the history of the creation of the first children's technical stations. The beginning in 1932 was laid by the Izhevsk DTS. Headed by educators-masters N.N. Yuminov, V.L. Fetzer, the pupils became participants of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition more than once, and future Heroes of the Soviet Union A. Zarovnyaev, L. Rykov and twice Hero of the Soviet Union E. Kungurtsev determined their calling in the aircraft modeling circle. the boys were also lucky with the bosses - they became factories. The young technicians of Izhevsk set out to speed up the creation of DTS in the cities and regions of the republic. Models of gliders became the assistants of the guys. Their flight at parades and demonstrations or in the halls of party and Komsomol conferences was an excellent agitation, an appeal to promote the development of children's technical creativity. On the day of aviation, the sky of Izhevsk was filled with box kites, air mail carriers, models of airplanes with a gasoline engine soared. The campaign was a success. In 1935, they arrived at the modeling competition young technicians Izhevsk, Glazov, Keza, Sharkan, Alnasha.
Youth was in a hurry to live and dream, to know and to be able.
Artistic creativity of children at the beginning In the 30s, only counselors and some teachers led. But then, in 1933, the call signs of the children's radio studio sounded. The children were introduced to the works of classical and Soviet music, literature, helped to learn pioneer songs. The first radio points were only in the clubs of regional centers. The pioneers carried their impressions, new songs, poems, stories to the detachments and native villages. The guys not only listened to the weekly radio broadcast, but also prepared it, accompanying it with a performance by the choir, orchestra, drama circle; sent letters of inquiry.
A big step in the development of young talents was the opening of the House of Artistic Education of Children in Izhevsk (DHVD), replacing the kids club. It worked 16 circles of artistic creativity. The house became the center methodological training leaders and pioneer activists of the republic. The year of his birth (1935) DKhVD marked the first Olympiad of children's creativity and a gathering of young entertainers.
1937 was a true celebration of young talents. For three days it sparkled with a scattering of nuggets the first republican festival. Resounding folk melodies, fervent dances, virtuoso playing on the balalaika, artistic whistling, sonorous songs freely and beautifully filled the theater hall.
Terrible clouds were advancing from the west and the East in the early 1930s. These years have given rise to the motto of preparation not only for work, but also for defense. It became an integral part of the new system of education and upbringing of schools and detachments.
“Let every pioneer have three defense badges!”
it means,
That I can shoot like Voroshilov,
Ready for sanitary defense
and passed all the standards for a young athlete.
I am proud of my badges and, when necessary, I will apply this knowledge in practice.
The craze has begun war game. The fighters studied defense, studied a gas mask and a small-caliber rifle. Everyone wanted to be heroes.
On December 28, 1934, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the autonomous region was transformed into a republic.
The right of children to education, to rest, the right to participate in the work of public organizations was approved by the flame of the lines of the Constitution of 1936 on the victory of socialism in a country of free and equal rights. In 1936, Spain became the bastion of the first international battle against fascism.
War…
In the country martial law was introduced. Mobilization announced. The hour of courage has struck.
“Our cause is right. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!"
From everywhere, anxious children fled to their native school. At rallies, they declared: “The fate of the motherland is our fate! - and determined their place among the defenders.
Now everyone, young and old, must consider himself mobilized. We, the pioneers, Komsomol members, all students of school No. 27, decided to go to work together, where our work can be useful ... ". Helping adults at work, in the household, caring for young children whose fathers went to the front, helping collective farms in the fields.
Echelons with the wounded began to arrive. The hospitals were housed in school buildings. There was a word - evacuated. They went to meet the whole detachment and were placed in apartments.
Gaidar's Timur actively entered the family of Udmurt children. His commands were born along with the release of the book. Timurovets - very necessary and very honorary title. They learned how to use an ax and a saw, collected cones and brushwood, caressed children, looked after the wounded, carried water, chopped firewood, cleared the roof of snow. During the war years, pioneers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia gave 5,000 concerts in hospitals, glued and sewed tens of thousands of envelopes and packages for medicines. Lovingly, with great desire, the guys collected parcels for the front-line soldiers. They themselves knitted woolen socks, mittens, embroidered pouches, bought presents with the money they earned. In total, during the war, the pioneers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia sent 4,000 parcels.
By November 1, 1941, the guys collected tank "Pioneer of Udmurtia" 150,000 rubles.
During the war years, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League rebuilt the structure of the pioneer organization. Pioneer detachments united into a school team with a headquarters at the head. There were 919 of them in Udmurtia. Pioneer activists were not elected, but appointed. The badge of the young Leninist was an asterisk, like that of a fighter. They made it themselves. The new text of the pioneer’s solemn promise read: “... I hate with all my heart fascist invaders and I will tirelessly prepare myself for the defense of the Motherland. I swear this by the name of the fighters who gave their lives for our happiness. I will always remember that their blood burns on my pioneer tie and on our red banner.
Teenagers of the villages provided great assistance to the elders in logging work.
The timber was transported to Izhevsk by horse-drawn vehicles, mostly on horseback. The needs of the front demanded the connection of the Volga and the Northern Urals.
During the war, people's construction began railway stretching 146 kilometers from Izhevsk to Balezino. It was built mainly by women and teenagers aged 13-16.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War, pioneers and schoolchildren contributed 924,000 rubles for the construction of the Soviet Schoolchild tank column. Teachers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia contributed 1 million 47 thousand 767 rubles to the country's defense fund. They received thanks from the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief twice.
The war was coming to an end, leaving devastated war-scorched territories. The fate of the children of the liberated regions worried the children of distant Udmurtia. “We, the pioneers, know that the Nazi beasts, forced to retreat under powerful blows Soviet army, destroy everything in its path: school clubs, teaching aids. We ... really want to help our comrades - the guys from the liberated regions. We organized a collection school supplies and have already collected 400 pens, 5000 pencils, 6 boxes of pens, fiction, paper, dishes, a box of teaching aids. Join us guys!" (Newspaper "Leninsky Way" Glazov, 1942, March 18)
From all over the country came echelons of Friendship. 130 wagons with grain, cattle, agricultural tools, gifts from workers and children of Udmurtia went to Belarus. Cities were rebuilt, wastelands were plowed up, schools were restored, the country was strengthened. And the long-awaited day came when, instead of explosions of war, explosions of the Victory salute were heard. Together with the people of the country, his change rejoiced. In step with the fathers, his shift took place. In step with her fathers, she went through all the hardships of the war, caught up with them in heroism, valor, having passed the test of maturity.
Victory! The fighters returned to their native lands. The country was rebuilding its economy. Buildings temporarily occupied by hospitals were returned to schools, but classes were still going on in 2-3 shifts. There were not enough textbooks, visual aids. The Komsomol called upon the pioneers to direct their efforts towards the struggle for deep and solid knowledge, towards the implementation of universal seven-year education, and the involvement of students in socially useful work. Young Pioneer affairs were led by a Council of Pioneers. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League again introduced the election of the pioneer activists. He established pioneer banners in organizations, and red flags in detachments.
Accepting the banner, the pioneers swore an oath to keep it sacred and to multiply the traditions of the Komsomol shift to serve the Fatherland.
Pioneer the call "Let's decorate the Motherland with gardens!" gave rise to the months of the forest and garden. Each pioneer will plant 3 trees, and there will be a garden republic.
At the regional 4th rally (1956), the first competitions of youth voluntary fire brigades of Udmurtia were held (UDPD).
The Central Council of the Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin (CA VPO) developed new “Laws of Young Pioneers”, “ Indicative list skills and abilities” (steps of a young pioneer).
"Satellite of the Seven Year Plan" - the title has become a pioneer symbol the best squads and organizations dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin.
Komsomol-pioneer construction is a very responsible business.
All-Union competition of pioneer detachments 1963-1964 dedicated 40th anniversary assigning pioneers and Komsomol named after V.I. Lenin.
Its start was successful. By order of Timur, published in Pionerskaya Pravda, the detachments became crews in this game, the chairmen of the councils - commanders, linkmen - helmsmen and set sail on the "Ocean of useful deeds".
For the pioneers, the 1st front of action is the school. Since 1959, in Udmurtia, instead of seven years, universal eight-year polytechnic education has been introduced. The country is heading towards a gradual transition to a universal secondary with a desk system of education.
With 1961 year, republican Olympiads in mathematics and physics became traditional.
From year to year, the creativity of children is expanding. from the first republican rally of young technicians in 1962 to the second in 1965, the number of participants in exhibitions of technical creativity increased by 6,000. First of all, their models replenished the classrooms of schools. The starting point of children's creativity and acquaintance with the basics modern production became training workshops.
The role of the workshops of the 28th school is great in the development of children's creativity. Many pioneer crews of Izhevsk started and finished from them. The start of the starts was put in 1960 year teacher of plumbing Anatoly Vasilyevich Novikov. Soon an amateur PAMK was born ( pioneer car club). They learned motor driving on A.V. Novikov's car, and the rules of the street - on self-made electrified stands. There was a council of assistance. It included employees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, DOSAAF, veterans of the motor industry, Stakhanovites who made a women's run along the route Izhevsk - Moscow - Izhevsk on the first Izh-7 motorcycles, motorcycle racers.
In 1965 opened young sailors club with real sailing and service. The All-Union Pioneer Zarnitsa will soon lead the enthusiasm for detachments of all branches of the armed forces, and sports fans will become members of the Golden Puck and Leather Ball clubs.
Pioneer-experimenters of the Baiteryakovskaya seven-year school of the Alnashsky district. Under the guidance of a tireless enthusiast, honored school teacher of the RSFSR, owner of the bronze and silver medals of VDNKh L.D. Belousov, they turned the school site into a "green laboratory" of the Iskra collective farm. An orchard was planted near the school, plots for experiments were laid out.
1962 - the first Russian Federation school forestry was created in Udmurtia.
The young foresters of the Sharkan school received an array of 500 hectares, elected a council and a forester, made a map and divided it into five forest bypasses. Both the winter cold and the summer heat are checked by foresters and inspectors with their units. They conduct observations and treat pest-infested areas, hang feeders, artificial bird nests, register and breed anthills, and boldly fight poachers. On the way, they read the "forest book" - a living organism of the forest with traces and habits of its inhabitants. And in the spring, new crops of seeds of tree species are being planted in the nursery.
New All-Union Operations Multiplied the Romance of Pioneer Affairs.
Operation participants "Green Arrow" by the end of 1973, a forest was planted on an area of 8248 hectares.
The result of the operation "Bird City" there were 52,428 artificial nests.
In operation "Ant" 1121 anthills were registered and propagated.
And the participants in the operation "Spring" during the five-year plan, 712 springs were landscaped and 1,176 springs were registered.
April 22, 1967 The attention of the regional pioneer organization was riveted to open-hearth furnace No. 2. the best steelmaker of Udmurtia, holder of the Order of Lenin, Evgeny Chernykh and his henchmen had 19 young assistants from schools No. 18 of Sarapul, No. 9 and 12 of Glazov, No. 9, 30, 32, 54, 56 of Izhevsk; Kezskaya and Syurekskaya. Here was pioneer melting. Steel from 6852 tons of scrap went to the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Dozens of tractors, hundreds of vehicles, BAM - pioneer rails
Operation "Million Motherland!"- it is not easy to count the pioneer contribution to the heritage of the people.
An important milestone in the development of tourism was the decision of the XII Congress of the Komsomol (1954). tourist and local history work turned into one of effective methods strengthening the connection between school and life. Children from different schools went on hikes, the first to be led by teachers of geography, history, biology, and physical education. Their activities were directed by the Republican children's excursion and tourist station (RDETS). It was headed by a veteran of tourism and sports Alexey Vladimirovich Yemelyanov. The huge desire of children to hike was confirmed by the gathering of travelers. The decision to hold it was made by the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in 1955. The secretary of the regional committee Yu.K.Shibanov was approved as the head, and A.V.Emelyanov was appointed the chief of staff. the first rally… Where to hold it? And the choice fell on the banks of the Kama, where another energy giant was being created. A few years will pass, and the picturesque Nosok Peninsula will flood the new sea. So let the first gathering of travelers perpetuate its beauty. For the first time, the arriving teams experienced the excitement of the tourist relay, the fortress of friendship, the romance of life in nature. Fighting spirit permeated all the work: he was in the relay race, in the amateur competition, at the stake of the meeting with the builders of the Votkinsk giant.
“To the Soviet Motherland, born in October, all our discoveries, all our love!” - urged "Pionerskaya Pravda" in the year of the 40th anniversary of October. The motto marked a new stage in tourism. Announced 1st All-Union Expedition of Pioneers and Schoolchildren 1956-1957.
The increased passion for tourism and excitement at the Sletov relay races have given rise to a new, youngest type of competition - sports orienteering. The first All-Russian competitions for schoolchildren were held in 1970.“Judges work quickly, posting the control cards of the participants. Strange words are heard: “binding”, “got screwed up on the 5th”, “clung to No. 44 and slipped through the first checkpoint”. There are downcast faces. But the more complex the program and the more stubborn the struggle, the stronger the camaraderie and friendship.
And from the first rally held at the future hydroelectric power station, the chronicle of the great tourism of the Udmurt children began.
Tourism is courage, the will to win and friendship. He combined pride for the land, for his people, childlike inquisitiveness, breadth of knowledge and sportsmanship into one whole.
The noble deeds of the followers of Genka the orderly and Timur are subject to fulfillment principles:
Humane relations and mutual respect between people;
Man to man is a friend, comrade and brother;
Honesty and truthfulness, moral purity, simplicity and modesty in public and private life...
Interesting job young internationalists Izhevsk. They are headed by the city club "Globe". The Globe Council includes the presidents of 34 school KIDs. He organized 6 city festivals of Peace and Friendship, initiated a review of the work of school clubs. In 1976 they held the first republican rally.
On May 19, 1922, 90 years ago, the first pioneer organization was created, since 1926 it has been called the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin
After October revolution children's organizations, groups and associations began to spring up in many cities of the Soviet Union. The Communist Party instructed the Komsomol to create a single children's communist organization.
On May 19, 1922, the Second All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere. And in October of the same year, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all the pioneer detachments organized in different cities of the USSR into the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak."
In 1924, the pioneer organization was named after V.I. Lenin. And after the 7th congress of the Komsomol in 1926, at which a resolution was adopted to rename the RKSM into the Komsomol, the pioneer organization became known as the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.
The purpose of the pioneer organization is:
Preparing children school age to join the Komsomol, and then to the ranks of the Communist Party.
In the early 1930s, pioneer associations began to form in schools. The All-Union Pioneer Organization was built according to the so-called school principle: a class - a detachment, a school - a pioneer squad.
The first pioneer detachments worked at the Komsomol cells of factories, factories, institutions, participated in subbotniks, helped in the fight against child homelessness, in the elimination of illiteracy.
During the Great Patriotic War, a mass Timurov movement was organized, which also included the duties of its members:
assistance to the families of veterans;
cathedral of medicinal plants and herbs;
collection of scrap metal;
organization of fundraising for military equipment for the front;
duty in hospitals and nursing homes;
participation in harvesting;
organization of amateur performances for military personnel and civilians.
The organizer of this direction of pioneering activity was famous writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar. His works: "Chuk and Gek", "RVS", "Blue Cup", "The Fate of a Drummer", "Timur and his team" brought up more than one generation of children and adolescents in the spirit of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland.
Pioneer Heroes of the Soviet Union
Before the war, they were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, ran, jumped, broke their knees. Their names were known only to relatives, classmates and friends.
The hour of trials has come and the little pranksters and naughty people have shown the whole world how much, in a small children's heart, the sacred fiery love for the Motherland is concentrated. At first glance, boys, girls. On their fragile shoulders, the war laid the brunt of adversity, childish trials, misfortune and grief of military hard times. But the eagle pioneers did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit more courageous, more resilient.
Little heroes of the big war! Their grown-up childhood was filled with such trials that even the most talented writer could hardly come up with. But it was. It was in the history of our great country, it was in the fate of its little Soviet guys - ordinary boys and girls.
Valya Kotik together with friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battlefield, which the partisans then transported to the detachment in a wagon of hay. He tracked the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. On his account - six enemy echelons blown up on the way to the front.
Marat Kazei. His mother was captured for her connection with the partisans and subsequently hanged by the Nazis. Went to the partisans. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up ... and himself.
Zina Portnova participated in operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, conducted reconnaissance on the instructions of the partisan detachment. In December 1943, the young pioneer was brutally tortured by the Nazis, but until the last minute she remained steadfast, courageous, unbending.
Lenya Golikov. There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy knocked out a car. The Nazi got out of it with a briefcase in his hands. Lenya pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. There were some very important documents in the briefcase.
All four were awarded the high title of Heroes of the Soviet Union posthumously ...
The most important pioneer attributes are the squad banner, detachment flags, bugle and drum, which accompanied all solemn pioneer rituals.
The pioneer uniform on ordinary days coincided with the school uniform, supplemented by pioneer symbols - a red tie and a pioneer badge. On solemn occasions (holidays, greetings at party and Komsomol forums, meetings of foreign delegations, etc.), full dress was worn. They proudly wore a red tie on their chest - a piece of a red battle banner. The pioneer tie has three ends - this is a symbol of the unity of the party, the Komsomol and the pioneers.
The pioneer organization accepted children aged 9 to 14 years. Reception was carried out individually, by open voting at the gathering of the pioneer detachment or squad.
The one who joined the pioneer organization on the pioneer line gave the Solemn Promise of the Pioneer of the Soviet Union. Pioneers received in a solemn atmosphere. As a rule, during Soviet holidays, most often on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.
“I (Name, Surname), joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, solemnly promise in the face of my comrades: to love my Motherland passionately. Live, study and fight as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches. It is sacred to observe the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union.
The purpose of the pioneer organization is to educate young fighters for the cause of the Communist Party. It is expressed in the motto of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin.
For the call:
"Pioneer, be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party!"
The answer follows:
"Always ready!"
Laws of young pioneers:
The Pioneer is devoted to the Motherland, the party, the ideas of social justice;
Pioneer is preparing to become a member of the Komsomol;
The pioneer looks up to the heroes of struggle and labor;
Pioneer honors the memory of fallen fighters and prepares to become a defender of the Fatherland;
Pioneer is the best in studies, work and sports;
The Pioneer is an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly standing for the truth;
Pioneer - comrade and counselor of October;
Pioneer is a friend to pioneers and children of working people of all countries;
The anthem of the pioneer organization is "March of Young Pioneers" - a Soviet pioneer song written in 1922 by two Komsomol members - pianist Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin and poet Alexander Zharov
Pioneer in Ukraine
July 21, 2004 All-Ukrainian Pioneer Organization named after. V.I. Lenina was registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
As in the old days, the senior mentor, assistant and organizer of the resurgent pioneer movement, is the Lenin Komsomol.
Since 1993, a lot of organizational work has been done to revive the pioneer organization.
Today in Ukraine there are 22 all-Ukrainian children's public organizations. The main difference between the pioneers is the ideological, organizational and symbolic similarity with the Soviet pioneers, which makes it possible to declare that VPO them. VI Lenin is the ideological successor and successor of the pioneer movement in Ukraine.
Pioneer goes through a difficult path of formation and revival.
Undoubtedly, a significant event was the holding in 2010 in Kherson of the 1st All-Ukrainian gathering of regional pioneer organizations, which was attended by representatives of 15 regions of the country.
During the work, the guys independently finalized and adopted the laws of the pioneer, the oath, got acquainted with the main pioneer traditions and organizational details during the events.
Today, regional pioneer organizations are registered and operate in the Kiev, Zhytomyr, Volyn, Vinnitsa, Ivano-Frankivsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, and Kirovohrad regions.
The organizations of Nikolaev, Kherson, Chernihiv, Lugansk, Kharkov, Poltava, Cherkassy regions, Sevastopol have huge achievements.
Traditionally, in most regional centers and cities on May 19, solemn pioneer lines are held, new recruits are accepted into the ranks.
Children's eyes light up, and sonorous voices chirp out “Be ready! - Always ready!".
The fact that today a new recruit is coming to the pioneer organization, ready to fight, to work, speaks of the relevance and necessity of restoring the pioneer organization, gives it incorruptible simplicity and strength.
Press service of the Zaporozhye OK LKSMU
At the same time, in communist circles, the need began to be felt to create their own, communist organization to work with children. The idea was formulated by N.K. Krupskaya, who in the 20th of November 1921 several times in different places made a report "On Boy Scouting" (the report was soon published in a pamphlet entitled "RKSM and Boy Scouting"), in which she suggested that the Komsomol adopt scouting methods and create a children's organization, "scout in form and communist in content." The leaders of the Komsomol, who had an extremely negative attitude towards scouting, initially perceived these ideas with caution. However, after Krupskaya's speech at the bureau of the Central Committee of the RKSM (November 29), a special commission was created to discuss the issue "on the use of scouting for the education of working youth and children." A detailed report by I. Zhukov was submitted to the commission. On December 10, 1921, on the report of the commission, a positive decision was made by the Bureau, and the search for specific organizational forms. At the beginning of 1922, the idea was put forward to apply scouting methods not among Komsomol members, but among children and to create a children's communist movement (DKD). I. Zhukov suggested for new organization the name "pioneers" (borrowed from Scout practice). Its symbols were somewhat modified scout symbols: a red tie (instead of green; it was already used by the “Yukovites”), a white (instead of green) blouse, the scout motto “Be ready!” and the Scout answer to it is “Always ready!”. From scouting in the pioneer organization survived game forms educational work with children, organizing children into groups, the institute of leaders, campfire gatherings, symbolic elements (for example, the three lily petals of the scout badge in the pioneer badge replaced the three flames of the fire, the three ends of the red pioneer tie began to mean three generations: pioneers, Komsomol members and communists ). The scout call "Be ready!" with a change in its focus on the struggle for the liberation of the workers and peasants of the whole world.
On February 2, 1922, the bureau of the Central Committee of the RKSM sent out a circular letter to local organizations on the creation of children's groups at Komsomol cells. On February 4, the corresponding decision was made by the Moscow Committee of the RKSM. For this purpose, a special bureau was created, one of whose members, the former scoutmaster Valerian Zorin, on February 12 organized a children's group in the 1st Communist boarding school named after the 3rd International (in Zamoskvorechye). The detachment, called in scouting "Young Scouts", soon broke up, and Zorin switched to organizing children at the "Rubber" plant. At the same time, on February 13, another former scoutmaster and member of the RKSM, 19-year-old Mikhail Stremyakov, organized a detachment of "young pioneers" at the school of factory apprenticeship (fabzavuche) named after N. A. Borshchevsky at the former Mashistov printing house on Krasnaya Presnya. This last group is usually considered the first pioneer detachment (at the same printing house, Stremyakov began publishing the pioneer magazine "Drum" in April, and later became the first editor of the newspaper "Pionerskaya Pravda"). On March 2, under the Central Committee of the RKSM, a temporary bureau of children's groups was created with the task of developing a charter, which was presented in May to the II All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol. The resolution adopted on May 19 read: “Taking into account the urgent need for the self-organization of proletarian children, the All-Russian Conference instructs the Central Committee to work out the question of the children's movement and the use in it of the reorganized “scouting” system. Taking into account the experience of the Moscow organization, the Conference proposes to extend this experience on the same basis to other organizations of the RKSM under the leadership of the Central Committee. A bureau for work among children of 7 people was created, of which 4 are former scoutmasters.
Throughout 1922, pioneer detachments arose in a number of cities and villages. On December 3, the first pioneer detachments appeared in Petrograd. The first four detachments were created from the Russian Detachment of Young Scouts. This event took place in the club of the old and young guards (Teatralnaya Square, house number 14).
In October, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments into the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak." On January 21, 1924, on the day of Lenin's death, by decision of the Central Committee of the RKSM, the organization was named after Lenin, and in March 1926 it was established official name- All-Union Pioneer Organization. V. I. Lenin (retained by the organization until the end of its existence).
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The history of the creation of the pioneer movement
Origins of the pioneer organization
At the end of the third stage of the Civil War (end of autumn 1918-end of 1920), when, in fact, the situation was already practically in favor of the Bolsheviks, and therefore in favor of the Soviet power, in peaceful territories, as far as possible, a new the way of life of the country - the country of the Soviets.
In addition to the problem of restoring the economy, destroyed by the war, both the Civil War and the First World War, there was an acute problem of establishing and forming centralized control young state, as well as the education of society. Yes, the Bolsheviks won a military victory, yes, the majority of the country's population made their choice in their favor, but the result achieved had to be consolidated. Indeed, among those who supported the Soviets at that time, not all were supporters of the Bolsheviks. Many of them, when choosing, were guided by the fact that they chose "the lesser of two evils."
The Bolsheviks chose ideological education as one of the most important methods of educating society. It embraced the entire society, including children and youth. “There is no need to abandon our younger comrades. Outside the union, they can fall under influence alien to the proletariat, and the blame for this will lie with us, ”it was written in the resolution of the First All-Russian Conference of the RKSM. It was within the framework of such ideological education that the Komsomol was created, and later the junior link of the Komsomol - the All-Union Pioneer Organization.
The origins of the pioneer movement lie in Scouting. The history of the scouting movement, or scouting, has very deep historical roots in Russia.
Its history begins in 1907 with the publication of Robert Baden-Powell's SCOUTING FOR BOYS. She came to Russia under the name "Young Scout". Already in 1909, under the leadership of Oleg Pantyukhov, the first Beaver detachment was formed. The slogan of the Russian scouts ("scout" in English means "scout") was: "Loyalty to God, the Tsar, the Fatherland."
Former Russian officers then worked with the guys and the royal court supported them very much. By the way, there is one curious historical fact: Anton Semenovich Makarenko, our great teacher, was one of the first who began to organize groups of Russian scouts. At this time, he worked as a supervisor in a boarding school at the Dolinsk Railway School.
In 1917, there was a relatively extensive network of children's scout organizations in Russia; there were about 50 thousand scouts in total.
All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin
In the conditions of the onset of the Civil War, the scouts helped to search for street children, organized children's police units and provided social assistance. At the same time, in the territories controlled by the Soviet government, the scout movement broke up into several directions. So, if the Moscow detachment of V. A. Popov tried to remain on the traditional principles of Baden-Powell, then in a number of cities (Petrograd, Kazan, etc.) there arose associations of the so-called "Forest Brothers" - pathfinders of the forest; finally, pro-Soviet tendencies emerged in scouting. Their most prominent spokesman was the scout leader of the RSFSR and the Far Eastern Republic, Innokenty Zhukov (former secretary of the Russian Scout society), who called for the creation of the World Knighthood and Labor Brotherhood of Scouts on the basis of work, play, love for each other and the whole world, calling for close cooperation of scouting with Komsomol.
At the same time, there was also a current of “Yukism” (YUK scouts, that is, “young communists - scouts”), which directly tried to combine the principles of scoutism with communist ideology. The idea of creating "YuK scouts" belongs to the Bolshevik functionary Vera Bonch-Bruyevich. The Komsomol, however, accused the "Yukovites" of not carrying out a real communist education, and the communist idea serves them only as a formal cover for the former "bourgeois" scouting.
As soon as it emerged, the Komsomol declared war on scoutism, including Yukism, seeing it as its rival. Already at the Congress of the RKSM in 1919, it was decided to dissolve the scout detachments.
It can be concluded that one of the tasks in strengthening their power, the Bolsheviks considered the involvement of the younger generation in their ranks. In Russia, even before the revolution, there were children's movements and organizations, the most numerous and popular of which was the scout movement. After the revolution of 1917, the scouting movement gradually declined, because. in conditions of war, revolution, intervention, there was no possibility for the full existence and development of such organizations. This was also facilitated by the fact that the communists are beginning to make attempts to create pro-communist children's organizations. One of the first attempts of this kind was the organization of Young Communists or Yukism. However, this organization was not successful and, along with Scouting, was liquidated in 1919.
The formation of a pioneer organization
Simultaneously with the dissolution of the scout organization and the South Caucasian scouts, the need began to be felt in communist circles for creating their own communist organization to work with children. The mass children's organization was supposed to become communist in terms of the goals and tasks of the work.
The idea was formulated by N. K. Krupskaya, who, in November 1921, delivered a report “On Boy Scouting” (the report was soon published in a brochure entitled “RKSM and Boy Scouting”), in which she suggested that the Komsomol adopt scout methods and create a children's organization , "scout in form and communist in content".
New ideological and pedagogical principles were developed at meetings of the Central Committee of the RKSM, the Board of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, the scientific and pedagogical section of the State Academic Council in 1921-1922. Prominent party leaders and teachers were involved in the work, among them - N. K. Krupskaya, A. V. Lunacharsky, M. N. Pokrovsky, P. P. Blonsky.
The leaders of the Komsomol, who had an extremely negative attitude towards scouting, initially perceived these ideas with caution. However, after Krupskaya's speech at the bureau of the Central Committee of the RKSM (November 29), a special commission was created to discuss the issue "on the use of scouting for the education of working youth and children." A detailed report by I. Zhukov was submitted to the commission. On December 10, 1921, on the report of the commission, a positive decision was made by the Bureau, and the search for specific organizational forms began.
At the beginning of 1922, the idea of using Scout methods was put forward.
From the resolution of the II All-Russian Conference of the RKSM, May 1922:
“Taking into account the urgent need for the self-organization of proletarian children, the All-Russian Conference instructs the Central Committee to work out the question of the children's movement and the use in it of the reorganized scouting system. Taking into account the experience of the Moscow organization, the conference decides to extend this experience on the same basis to other organizations of the RKSM under the leadership of the Central Committee.
The old structure was taken as a basis - detachments, patrols, links, as well as symbols - a tie and a uniform, the call "Be ready!", salute, bugle, drum, some laws, summer camps and much more. Often former scouts became the organizers of the first pioneer detachments. But scout principles were recognized as bourgeois. The scouts' system of spiritual values, their religiosity and commitment to monarchism caused particular rejection. More than a thousand scouts - masters were repressed and exiled to Solovetsky Islands, and ordinary Scouts were forbidden to live in six major cities in the country.
May 19, 1922 by decision of the All-Russian Conference of the RKSM, the experience of creating pioneer detachments in Moscow was disseminated throughout the country.
The idea to call the organization pioneer, and its members pioneers, was put forward by the same I. Zhukov. The name of the young communists in methodological literature explained as follows: “A pioneer is a person who goes ahead of others and paves the way for those who follow him. The Communist Party - the vanguard of the working class - is also a "pioneer". It goes ahead of all the oppressed working people and leads them to a new path, the path to a communist society.
In October 1923 The 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments into the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak." January 21, 1924, the day of Lenin's death, by decision of the Central Committee of the RKSM, the organization was named after V. I. Lenin, and in March 1926 the official name was established - the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. V. I. Lenin (retained by the organization until the end of its existence).
The government treated the children of the Soviet country as a building material for creating future staunch fighters for the cause of the communist party, and this became the main goal of creating a children's communist organization. The most important task was to raise a new type of person, not shackled by the old, "bourgeois" morality. N. K. Krupskaya wrote: “It is very difficult for an adult who has grown up in the capitalist system to give up old skills, old habits, old relationships. And our pioneers are guys who are still developing, have not yet developed completely new attitudes towards social phenomena. That is why the pioneer movement is of such exceptional importance.”
At the III Congress of the RKSM, V. I. Lenin raised this ideological selection, the denial of the very basis of the "obsolete" worldview, to the rank of a program. “We deny any such morality, taken from a non-human, non-class concept,” he declared from the rostrum. - We say that our morality is completely subordinated to the interests of the class struggle of the proletariat ... We say: morality is what serves to destroy the old exploiting society and unite all working people around the proletariat, which is creating a new communist society "This speech of the leader became the foundation for all subsequent works on new Soviet morality. The ultimate goal of a pioneer's upbringing was to achieve a level of consciousness at which he would perceive the demands of Soviet society as his own.
The pioneer organization was positioned as voluntary, but it was such only in the first years of Soviet power, when only children of workers and the rural poor were accepted as pioneers. They really wanted to be pioneers. Almost no detachments were created in the villages, many detachments created by visiting party members and Komsomol members fell apart.
Gradually, however, voluntariness became only a declared principle. It cannot be said that they were accepted as pioneers under severe coercion, but gradually it developed in such a way that it was shameful and indecent not to be a pioneer.
Thus, we see that the CP(b) has quite actively begun organizing children's ideological education. The All-Union Pioneer Organization was created, which later received the name of V. I. Lenin. The purpose of this organization was to educate the younger generation of builders of communism, respectively, all tasks proceeded from this goal. The pioneer organization was not built from scratch, it absorbed the principle of construction and some of the methods from the scout organization. The leadership of the Communist Party was interested and made every effort to popularize the pioneer organization, because initially it existed on the basis of voluntary entry and exit from the organization. In general, the pioneers received a comprehensive education: physical, moral, aesthetic, and, of course, patriotic. The peculiarity was that all this was permeated with communist ideology.
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| Day of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin |
| After the October Revolution, children's organizations, groups and associations began to emerge in many cities of the Soviet Union. The Communist Party instructed the Komsomol to create a single children's communist organization. On May 19, 1922, the Second All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere. And in October of the same year, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all the pioneer detachments organized in different cities of the USSR into the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak." In 1924, she was named after V.I. Lenin. And after the 7th congress of the Komsomol in 1926, at which a resolution was adopted to rename the RKSM into the Komsomol, the pioneer organization became known as the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin. The first pioneer detachments worked at the Komsomol cells of factories, factories, institutions, participated in subbotniks, helped in the fight against child homelessness, in the elimination of illiteracy. In the early 1930s, pioneer associations began to form in schools. The All-Union Pioneer Organization was built according to the so-called school principle: a class - a detachment, a school - a pioneer squad. Military defense work was launched in the pioneer collectives, circles of young shooters, orderlies, signalmen were created, military sports games were held. During the Great Patriotic War, a mass Timurov movement was organized. Pioneers helped the families of veterans, collected medicinal herbs, scrap metal, funds for tank columns, were on duty in hospitals, and worked at the harvest. In 1991, the pioneer organization, like the Komsomol, ended its existence. At first, attempts were made to reform it, but it was not possible to create a children's and youth organization on the same scale. Many other public organizations appeared - the successors of the pioneer, formed with the participation of children and in their interests. The new Union of Pioneer Organizations appeared in 1992 as a non-governmental public organization, independent of political parties and movements. |
 In the autumn of 1918, the children's organization of young communists (YUK) was created, but a year later it was disbanded. In November 1921, a decision was made to create an all-Russian children's organization. Children's groups operated in Moscow for several months, during the experiment pioneer symbols and attributes were developed, the name of the new organization was adopted - detachments of young pioneers named after Spartak. On May 7, 1922, the first pioneer bonfire was held in the Sokolnichesky forest in Moscow. In the Soviet Union, the Day of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin, or, to put it more simply, Pioneer Day, was officially celebrated on May 19. It was on this day in 1922 that the 2nd All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere. The social hierarchy: Octobrist - Pioneer - Komsomol member, was aimed at creating an internal ideological core in Soviet children and adolescents, the desire to grow and improve. The pioneer organization taught children how to live in a socialist society, how to coexist with their peers. Now many citizens see shortcomings in this approach to educating young people, they say, ideological clouding of the brain, which made puppets out of people. Even so, at that time the level of drug addiction and crime among young people was ultra-low, compared to our time. After the collapse of the USSR, Pioneer Day ceased to be an official holiday. Today Pioneer Day is unofficially celebrated by some children's organizations and companies involved in the organization of children's leisure. And there will always be people who remember the young pioneer years with pleasure. Which of the Soviet pioneers does not remember the excitement with which he was preparing to join the ranks of a mass socio-political organization? How were scarlet ties tied to the sound of horns and drums? How, for the first time in our lives, did we solemnly swear allegiance to the cause of Lenin and the Communist Party? The Soviet country spared nothing for the young. Beautiful Palaces of Pioneers and children's camps were built. The very activity of children's communist organizations in the USSR and in other socialist countries was on such a serious scale that it even surpassed in significance its "bourgeois" prototype and analogue - the scout movement. The Pioneer movement differed from it in significant aspects: the system was of an all-encompassing state character and set as its goal the ideological education of children as citizens completely devoted to the Communist Party and the state. At the same time, it should be noted that, as the movement evolved, the role of the heritage of scouting in it fell (which can be clearly seen in the evolution of the pioneer camp from the type of sports and tourist tent camp to the type of a sanatorium complex). Among particular differences, one can point out the absence of separate organizations for boys and girls. Until 1924, the pioneer organization bore the name of Spartak, and after the death of Lenin received his name. "Be ready!" "Always ready!" Pioneer Oath The laws of young pioneers are a set of basic rules for the life and work of a member of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after I. V. I. Lenin. In a figurative and understandable form for children, the goals and tasks of the children's communist organization, the basic principles of communist morality, moral and ethical standards behavior of young pioneers. For the first time, the Laws of Young Pioneers, developed by the commission of the Central Committee of the RKSM with the participation of N. K. Krupskaya, were approved by the 5th Congress of the RKSM in October 1922. In the Laws of Young Pioneers, it was singled out as one of the main laws - "I will strive always, wherever possible, to obtain knowledge in order to use it for the benefit of the working people." The changes in the conditions of activity of the pioneer organization that took place during the years of socialist construction, the deepening of the content and the improvement of the forms and methods of its work were reflected in the new text of the Laws of Young Pioneers, approved in 1957 by the 8th plenum of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. The laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union The pioneer is devoted to the motherland, the party, communism. Pioneer habits. Pioneer does not lie in bed in the morning, but rises immediately, like a roly-poly. Pioneer anthem Fly up the bonfires Music: S. Deshkin Lyrics: A. Zharov
Chorus (after each verse): With a joyful step, with a cheerful song, We raise the red / aut: scarlet / banner, We will thunder together the song of the daring Fire up, blue nights! |
After the October Revolution of 1917, children's organizations, groups and associations began to emerge in many cities of the Soviet Union. The Communist Party instructed the Komsomol to create a single children's communist organization.
Pioneer detachment of the Armenian village in Stavropol, 1924
On May 19, 1922, the Second All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere. And in October of the same year, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all the pioneer detachments organized in different cities of the USSR into the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak." In 1924, she was named after V. I. Lenin. And after the 7th congress of the Komsomol in 1926, at which a resolution was adopted to rename the RKSM into the Komsomol, the pioneer organization became known as the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin.
The first pioneer detachment of Ranenburg, 1925
The first pioneer detachments worked at the Komsomol cells of factories, factories, institutions, participated in subbotniks, helped in the fight against child homelessness, in the elimination of illiteracy. In the early 1930s, pioneer associations began to form in schools. The All-Union Pioneer Organization was built according to the so-called school principle: a class - a detachment, a school - a pioneer team.
Nadezhda Krupskaya among the pioneers, 1927
The first gathering of pioneers and pioneer workers, 1926
The first pioneers of Krasny Perekop, 1923
Military defense work was launched in the pioneer collectives, circles of young shooters, orderlies, signalmen were created, military sports games were held. During the Great Patriotic War, a mass Timurov movement was organized. Pioneers helped the families of veterans, collected medicinal herbs, scrap metal, funds for tank columns, were on duty in hospitals, and worked at the harvest. The day of the creation of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin, May 19, was officially celebrated in the USSR as a holiday of the pioneer movement - Pioneer Day.
Clara Zetkin speaking to Artek, 1925
Gatchina. A column of pioneers against the background of the building of the former Orphans' Institute, 1923
In 1991, the pioneer organization, like the Komsomol, ended its existence. At first, attempts were made to reform it, but it was not possible to create a children's and youth organization on the same scale. Many other public organizations appeared - successors of the pioneer one, formed with the participation of children and in their interests.
The new Union of Pioneer Organizations appeared in 1992 as a non-governmental public organization, independent of political parties and movements. And Pioneer Day is now unofficially celebrated by some children's organizations and companies involved in the organization of children's leisure. A number of events for pioneers across the country are also held by the Communist Party.