Terms

Who is included in the CSTO for a year. Organization of the Collective Security Treaty (CSTO). Key organizational issues

Organization of the collective security(CSTO) is a military-political union created by former Soviet republics on the basis of the Collective Security Treaty (CST), signed on May 15, 1992. The contract is renewed automatically every five years.

CSTO members

On May 15, 1992, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan signed a Collective Security Treaty (CST) in Tashkent. Azerbaijan signed the agreement on September 24, 1993, Georgia on September 9, 1993, Belarus on December 31, 1993.

The treaty entered into force on April 20, 1994. The contract was for 5 years and could be extended. On April 2, 1999, the presidents of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan signed a protocol on the extension of the agreement for the next five-year period, but Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to extend the agreement, in the same year Uzbekistan joined GUUAM.

At the Moscow session of the Collective Security Treaty on May 14, 2002, a decision was made to transform the Collective Security Treaty Organization into a full-fledged international organization - the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). On October 7, 2002, the Charter and the Agreement on the Legal Status of the CSTO were signed in Chisinau, which were ratified by all CSTO member states and entered into force on September 18, 2003.

On August 16, 2006, a decision was signed in Sochi on the full accession (restoration of membership) of Uzbekistan to the CSTO.

Russia in Lately connects great expectations with this organization, hoping with its help to strengthen their strategic positions in Central Asia. Russia considers this region a zone of its own strategic interests.

At the same time, the US Manas air base is located here on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, and Kyrgyzstan does not intend to do anything to close it. In early 2006, Tajikistan agreed to a significant increase in the French military group located on its territory, operating as part of the coalition forces in Afghanistan.

To strengthen the position of the CSTO, Russia proposes to reform the collective rapid deployment forces of the Central Asian region. These forces consist of ten battalions: three each from Russia and Tajikistan, two each from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The total number of personnel of the collective forces is about 4 thousand people. The aviation component (10 planes and 14 helicopters) is located at the Russian Kant airbase in Kyrgyzstan.

A proposal is being considered to expand the scope of activities of the collective forces - in particular, their use in Afghanistan is expected.

In connection with Uzbekistan's entry into the CSTO, it is noted that back in 2005, the Uzbek authorities came up with a project to create international "anti-revolutionary" punitive forces in the post-Soviet space within the framework of the CSTO. In preparation for joining this organization, Uzbekistan prepared a package of proposals for its improvement, including the creation of intelligence and counterintelligence structures within its framework, as well as the development of mechanisms that would allow the CSTO to give guarantees of internal security to the Central Asian states.

The organization is headed by its general secretary. Since 2003, this is Nikolai Bordyuzha. As is customary now, he comes from the "organs", Colonel General of the border troops. For the last couple of years before the collapse of the USSR, he worked as the head of the personnel department of the KGB. After 1991, he commanded the border troops, for a short time he was the head of the presidential administration under Boris Yeltsin, and the secretary of the Security Council. In short, an experienced friend.

All members of the G7, with the possible exception of Kazakhstan, are in strong political, economic and military dependence on Moscow and need its diplomatic cover.

- Tasks of the CSTO are directly interconnected with the integration processes in the post-Soviet space, and this relationship is growing stronger. The advancement of military-political integration in the CSTO format contributes to the deployment of integration processes, actually forms an "integration core" in the CIS, and contributes to an optimal "division of labor" in the Commonwealth. As for the place and role of the CSTO in Eurasian Union, if one is formed, then they can be very significant, since the Organization's area of responsibility covers vast expanses of Eurasia, and the Organization's activities are aimed at creating a system of collective security in Europe and Asia, - said Nikolai Bordyuzha, commenting on the goals creation of the CSTO for the press.

On September 5, at a summit in Moscow, the leaders of the member countries of the Collective Security Treaty Organization adopted a declaration in which they condemned Georgia for aggression, supported Russia's actions and advocated "ensuring lasting security for South Ossetia and Abkhazia." The CSTO countries warned NATO against expanding to the East and announced plans to strengthen the military component of the organization.

Like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the CSTO called for Russia's active role in promoting peace and cooperation in the region. However, the main thing - the joint recognition by the members of the Organization of the two Transcaucasian republics - did not happen.

The Russian President reiterated the need to strengthen the military component of the CSTO. Actually, there is nothing unusual in this, because the CSTO - military organization, created to protect member countries from external encroachments. There are also mutual obligations in case of an attack on one of the members of the organization. As Medvedev himself admitted, it was this topic that became the main one during his negotiations with his colleagues.

The main part of the document was devoted to the current situation in the world and the role of the CSTO itself in it. In the very first lines of the declaration, the leaders CSTO countries notify global community that from now on they "are determined to adhere to close coordination of foreign policy interaction, the line for the progressive development of military and military-technical cooperation, the improvement of practice joint work For all questions". At the same time, declaring its firm intention to ensure security in its zone of responsibility, the G7 warned against encroachments on this zone, frankly making it clear how it would cooperate: “Serious conflict potential is accumulating in the immediate vicinity of the CSTO zone of responsibility. The CSTO members call on the NATO countries to weigh all the possible consequences of expanding the alliance to the East and deploying new missile defense facilities near the borders of member states.

TASS-DOSIER. The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is an international security organization whose members are currently six states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.

The Collective Security Treaty (CST) was signed on May 15, 1992 in Tashkent by the heads of Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In 1993 Azerbaijan, Georgia and Belarus joined them. The agreement entered into force on April 20, 1994 for a period of five years. On April 2, 1999, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to sign the protocol to extend its validity. Uzbekistan resumed membership in August 2006, and in December 2012 withdrew from the agreement.

On May 14, 2002, at a summit in Moscow, the CST heads of state adopted a decision to form the Collective Security Treaty Organization. On October 7 of the same year, the heads of state signed the Charter and the Agreement on the legal status of the CSTO. Since 2004 the organization has an observer status at the UN General Assembly.

The supreme coordinating body of the CSTO is the secretariat headed by general secretary(since April 2003 - Nikolai Bordyuzha). Supreme political body is the Collective Security Council (CSC), which includes the presidents of the States parties to the Treaty. Between sessions of the CSC, it is headed by the president of the country chairing the CSTO this year. In 2014, the chairmanship in the statutory bodies of the CSTO was carried out by Russia, in 2015 - by Tajikistan. On September 15, 2015, at the end of the CSTO summit in Dushanbe, the chairmanship for 2016 passed to Armenia.

The goal of the CSTO is to repel threats to security and stability, protect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of member states, without interfering in their internal affairs. The CSTO collective security system includes the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces (CRRF; 19.5 thousand people), peacekeeping forces (4 thousand people), as well as regional groupings of forces and means of collective security: Collective Rapid Deployment Forces in Central Asia (CRRF CAR ; 4.5 thousand people), Eastern European (Russia and Belarus) and Caucasian (Russia and Armenia) groups. At present, the collective aviation forces of the CSTO and the forces special purpose. All these structures are included in the composition of the unified troops of the CSTO - the Collective Forces, the decision to create which was made on December 19, 2012 by the heads of state of the organization at the regular session of the CSC.

According to the statement of the heads - participants of the organization on May 24, 2000, military-political relations between the states of the Collective Security Treaty are of a priority nature in comparison with military relations and contacts with countries that have not signed the treaty.

On December 20, 2011, a protocol was signed according to which military bases of countries that are not members of the organization can be located on the territories of the CSTO states only with the consent of all partners in the bloc. Aggression against one of the states of the organization is regarded as aggression against all states parties to the Treaty.

As part of military cooperation, the CSTO states conduct annual large-scale exercises. So, since 2004, joint command and staff exercises "Frontier" have been held. In June 2010, the first exercises of the special forces of the organization "Cobalt-2010" were held, in October - the first joint complex exercises of the CSTO "Interaction-2010", in which the command and military forces of the CRRF were involved. In October 2012, the first peacekeeping exercises of the Indestructible Brotherhood-2012 organization took place at three training grounds in Kazakhstan.

The organization has significant experience in combating drug trafficking and illegal migration. Since 2003, the CSTO has been conducting the Canal anti-drug operation on a regular basis; since 2006 - operation "Illegal" to combat illegal migration, including human trafficking; since 2009 - Operation "PROXY" to combat crime in the field of information technology. The organization is working to create a unified mechanism for responding to natural and man-made emergencies.

Since 2000, a mechanism for military-technical cooperation has been in place, which provides for the supply of military products for the allied armed forces on the basis of preferential prices. On December 10, 2010, an agreement was signed on the creation in the CSTO of interstate scientific and production associations for the production of military products. Joint training is being carried out on a gratuitous and preferential basis for personnel for the armed forces and law enforcement agencies of the Member States.

Under the CSTO, there are the Interstate Commission on Military-Economic Cooperation, coordinating councils of the heads of the competent authorities on combating drug trafficking and on combating illegal migration, as well as a coordinating council for emergency situations. A decision was made to establish a Cyber Threat Countermeasures Center.

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Brief historical background

The Collective Security Treaty (CST) was signed on May 15, 1992, six months after the collapse of the USSR. Its main task was to preserve the interaction of the armies of the newly formed independent states in the post-Soviet space.

The founding states were Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In 1993, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Georgia joined the agreement.

In 1999, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to renew their membership in the Collective Security Treaty and focused on work in GUAM ( GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova) is an anti-Russian organization created in 1997 to establish horizontal ties between the post-Soviet republics in the interests of the United States and the European Union. During the membership of Uzbekistan, the organization was called GUUAM. Currently, GUAM is not an active and really working structure, despite the fact that no formal decision was made to dissolve it, and the Kyiv-based GUAM Secretariat regularly issues press releases in Russian about its work).

In 2002, a decision was made to transform the Collective Security Treaty into a full-fledged international organization.

On October 7, 2002, the Charter and the Agreement on the legal status of the CSTO were adopted in Chisinau. The documents on the creation of the CSTO were ratified by all participating countries and on September 18, 2003 they entered into force.

On November 16, 2006, the heads of the parliaments of the CSTO member countries adopted a resolution on the creation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO PA).

In 2009, the Collective Rapid Reaction Force (CRRF) was created. Their task is to repel military aggression, conduct special operations to combat international terrorism, transnational organized crime, drug trafficking, as well as eliminate the consequences of emergency situations. CRRF exercises are held on a regular basis.

On December 21, 2015, the heads of the CSTO member states adopted a Statement on countering international terrorism, in which they announced their intention to "consistently strengthen the power potential of the CSTO, increase its counter-terrorism component, and increase the combat readiness of the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces in order to effectively counter new challenges and threats."

On October 14, 2016, the Collective Security Council (CSC) of the CSTO in Yerevan adopted a Decision on the approval of the Collective Security Strategy until 2025, as well as on additional measures to combat terrorism and establish a Crisis Response Center.

Since 2003, the CSTO Secretary General has been Nikolai Bordyuzha.

Elected Chairman of the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly on November 24, 2016 Viacheslav Volodin.

CSTO: birth trauma and irresolvable contradictions

The largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century - the collapse of the Soviet Union - had a particularly serious impact on the ability of states that suddenly and often not of their own free will to maintain an adequate level of security - both external and internal.

If the European post-Soviet republics (with the exception of Moldova, which failed to curb its own nationalists and as a result lost Transnistria) in the early 90s faced a maximum increase in crime, then the Central Asian countries found themselves alone with the threat of international terrorism and religious extremism.

The most serious situation was in Tajikistan, with its long border with Afghanistan. The civil war in this country threatened with extremely serious consequences not only for Tajikistan itself, but also for neighboring countries. That is why Russia, which took over the protection of the Tajik-Afghan border, and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan actively participated in national reconciliation in the republic.

“The leading figures of Tajikistan have repeatedly noted the important military-political role of the CST in the process of achieving national reconciliation. And now, within the framework of the CSTO, this country is receiving significant political, military and military-technical assistance, ”says the version of the CSTO website that worked until 2012 in the General Information section.

The CSTO was initially focused primarily on solving the problems of maintaining security in Central Asia. A few more quotes from the old version of the organization's website:

“At the initial stage, the Treaty contributed to the creation of the national armed forces of the participating States, to the provision of adequate external conditions for their independent state building. This is evidenced by the relevance of the Treaty in a number of cases of application of its provisions.

The possibilities of the Treaty were activated in the autumn of 1996, in the summer of 1998 in connection with dangerous development events in Afghanistan in close proximity to the borders of the Central Asian member states of the Collective Security Treaty, in order to prevent attempts by extremists to destabilize the situation in this region.

In 1999 and 2000, as a result of promptly implemented measures by the member states of the Collective Security Treaty, with the participation of Uzbekistan, the threat created by large-scale actions of armed groups of international terrorists in southern Kyrgyzstan and other regions of Central Asia was neutralized.

Regulatory legal acts on the basis of which the CST structures worked, these are the Declaration of the CST member states adopted in 1995, the Collective Security Concept of the CST member states, the document on the Main Directions for Deepening Military Cooperation, the implementation plan for the Collective Security Concept and the Main Directions for Deepening military cooperation.

In 1999, the Plan for the second stage of the formation of a collective security system was approved, which provided for the formation of coalition (regional) groupings of troops (forces) in the Eastern European, Caucasian and Central Asian directions.

In the 1990s, the Collective Security Treaty had no chance of becoming a full-fledged and effective international organization due to a large number claims of its participants to each other.

Armenia and Azerbaijan, both then and now, were, in fact, at war with each other. Georgia, both then and now, accused Russia of “separatism” of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, although it should be noted that Moscow in the 1990s pursued a much tougher policy towards unrecognized states than in the 2000s. Abkhazia was actually in an economic blockade, South Ossetia and Transnistria were left to their own devices.

Uzbekistan tried to pursue what Tashkent called a “balanced” policy, but as a result, it simply rushed between Moscow and Washington, either entering the Collective Security Treaty, then moving from there to GUAM, then agreeing to the creation of an American military base, then demanding that the United States immediately leave its territory.

Of course, NATO also has examples of countries that “dislike” each other, such as Greece and Turkey, are members of the alliance, but such tension, and even more direct clashes between them, as is the case with some former members DKB, was not for a long time.

But perhaps main problem The CST, which was inherited by the CSTO, was the initial rejection of serious attempts to integrate the largest militarily post-Soviet republic after Russia - Ukraine.

Of course, Kyiv and Moscow in the 90s were subjected to serious pressure from the West, the "neutrality" of Ukraine was one of the conditions for the withdrawal nuclear weapons from its territory. But the absence of Ukraine in the defensive alliance created by Russia, of course, laid the foundation for the drift of this country towards NATO and the growing anti-Russian orientation of Ukrainian policy, which reached its climax during the so-called Euromaidan.

The Collective Security Treaty in the form in which it existed in the 1990s could not quickly respond to the challenges of the time, its reform or dissolution was inevitable.

Work on preparations for reformatting the organization began in 2000. An agreement was signed on the basic principles of military-technical cooperation (MTC). In 2001, the Collective Rapid Deployment Forces of the Central Asian Region were created, which were staffed by four battalions from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan total strength in 1500 people.

In parallel, improved organs political management and interstate consultations. The Council of Foreign and Defense Ministers and the Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils were created. The Secretariat of the CSC was organized, a consultation process was established at the level of the CSC, Ministerial Council of Foreign Ministers and CFR with the participation of deputy ministers of foreign affairs and defense, experts from the participating states, and their plenipotentiaries under the Secretary General of the Collective Security Council.

The decision to transform the Collective Security Treaty into an international one regional organization in accordance with Chapter VIII of the UN Charter was adopted in Moscow in May 2002 by the heads of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.

Neutral Chisinau was chosen as the place for the creation of the CSTO. On October 7, 2002, the capital of Moldova hosted a summit of the CIS heads of state, within the framework of which the heads of the CST member states signed the statutory documents on the transformation of the latter into the CSTO.

Moldova, we note, just like Ukraine, from the very beginning of its independence, refrained from participating in military cooperation with Russia - because of dissatisfaction with the stay Russian troops in Transnistria. The communist who headed this republic in 2002 Vladimir Voronin was considered a "pro-Russian" president until November of the following year, when at the last moment he refused to sign the already initialed document on the Transnistrian settlement, the so-called "Kozak Memorandum". After that, there were no more talks about the possible membership of Moldova in the CSTO.

CSTO in 2002-2016: through contradictions to strengthen the union

In 2002-2003, when the CSTO was created, the main world threat, as now, most countries considered international terrorism. The US was operating in Afghanistan and preparing to invade Iraq. Russian-American relations experienced a period of relative recovery after sharp deterioration in 1999, when the US and NATO bombed Yugoslavia without UN authorization.

Initially, within the framework of the CSTO, no serious political component was planned, only ensuring the security of the participating countries. Political dialogue in Central Asia was conducted either on the basis of the CIS or within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), established in 2001 on the basis of the "Shanghai Five", formed as a result of signing in 1996-1997. between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan confidence-building agreements in the military field. Uzbekistan also joined the SCO. The aims and objectives of the SCO were the strengthening of stability and security in a wide area that unites the participating states, the fight against terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, the development of economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction.

It should also be emphasized that the CSTO was not seen as an alternative to NATO. The tasks of the organization were security in Central Asia, as well as military-technical cooperation of the participating countries. The unrestrained, like a cancerous tumor, the expansion of NATO has never been an example for CSTO members to follow.

However, over time it became clear that cooperation within the framework of executive power not enough - to ensure the proper level of interaction, harmonization of legislation was required.

On June 23, 2006, the Minsk session of the CSTO Collective Security Council determined the need to develop the parliamentary dimension of the CSTO within the framework of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly. Based on this decision and on the Convention on the Interparliamentary Assembly of the States Members of the Commonwealth Independent States, the chairmen of the parliaments of the CIS member states of the CSTO at a meeting on November 16, 2006 adopted a resolution on the creation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (PA CSTO).

As stated on the CSTO PA website, “three permanent commissions have been created within the framework of the assembly - on defense and security issues, on political issues and international cooperation and on socio-economic and legal issues.

In accordance with the Regulations on the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the CSTO PA discusses issues of cooperation between the CSTO member states in the international, military-political, legal and other fields and develops appropriate recommendations that it sends to the Collective Security Council (CSC) and other bodies of the CSTO and national parliaments. In addition, the CSTO PA adopts model legislative and other legal acts aimed at regulating relations within the competence of the CSTO, as well as recommendations for convergence of the laws of the CSTO member states and bringing them into line with the provisions of international treaties concluded by these states within the framework of the CSTO."

The full-fledged work of various CSTO structures, unfortunately, has repeatedly been made dependent on the current political or economic situation. For example, negotiations on the creation of a collective rapid reaction force (CRRF), the main fighting force of the CSTO, in June 2009 were overshadowed by the so-called "milk war" between Russia and Belarus. As a result, representatives of Minsk refused to participate in the CSTO meeting under the pretext that military security is impossible without economic security.

This called into question the legitimacy of the decision to create the CRRF, because, according to paragraph 1 of Rule No. 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the CSTO bodies, approved by the Decision of the CSC of June 18, 2004, the non-participation of a member country of the organization in meetings of the Collective Security Council, the Council of Foreign Ministers, the Council of Defense Ministers , the Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils means the absence of the consent of a member country of the organization to the adoption of decisions considered by these bodies.

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko signed a package of documents on the accession of Belarus to the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces only on October 20, 2009.

In June 2010, the President of Kyrgyzstan Roza Otumbaeva appealed to the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev with a request to bring the CRRF into the territory of this country in connection with the unrest and interethnic clashes in the Osh and Jalalab regions. Medvedev replied that “the criterion for using the CSTO forces is the violation by one state of the borders of another state that is part of this organization. We are not talking about this yet, because all the problems of Kyrgyzstan are rooted inside. They are rooted in the weakness of the former government, in their unwillingness to deal with the needs of the people. I hope that all the problems that exist today will be resolved by the authorities of Kyrgyzstan. The Russian Federation will help.”

This statement was the subject of criticism from the President of Belarus. Alexander Lukashenko said that the CRRF should enter Kyrgyzstan and restore order there. As a result, a compromise decision was made - a reinforced battalion of the 31st Airborne Assault Battalion was delivered to the Russian Kant airbase in Kyrgyzstan airborne brigades for security. Representatives of the CSTO, in turn, took part in the search for the organizers of the riots and ensured the coordination of cooperation to suppress the activities of terrorist groups that actually influenced the situation from Afghanistan. Also, CSTO specialists were engaged in identifying instigators and instigators of hatred on the Internet. Non-lethal special equipment, special equipment, vehicles including helicopters.

CSTO Secretary General Nikolai Bordyuzha, following the events in Kyrgyzstan, issued a special statement, which, in particular, said that all CSTO member countries agreed that the introduction of peacekeeping troops into the republic during the riots was inappropriate: “The introduction of troops could would provoke an even greater aggravation of the situation in the region as a whole,” he said.

In 2011, the same Alexander Lukashenko took the initiative to use the CRRF to prevent coup d'état. “Because by war, by the front, no one will go against us, but to make a constitutional coup - many hands itch,” he noted then.

In 2012, the CSTO left Uzbekistan for the second time - among the reasons were both disagreement with the organization's policy towards Afghanistan, and bilateral contradictions with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This did not become a serious blow to the CSTO - the participation of Uzbekistan during its "second arrival" was largely formal.

However, as the terrorist threat intensified in the Middle East and Central Asia and NATO forces approached the borders of Russia and Belarus, it became clear that CSTO alternatives not in the current situation. Ensuring internal and external security, as well as military-technical cooperation between our countries, is possible only with the constant and effective interaction of all structures responsible for security, including parliamentary interaction.

By 2016, the CSTO came up as a fairly unified and cohesive organization. Exercises of both the CRRF and other structures are regularly held, concepts and strategies are being developed, interaction has been established with the UN, SCO, CIS, EAEU and other international organizations.

On this occasion, CSTO Secretary General Nikolai Bordyuzha has repeatedly noted that the coverage activities of the CSTO is in Russia is not at the proper level.

“I would like to refer to our last experience - this is the conduct of a motorcycle race in the CSTO member states, with the exception of Armenia, since there were purely technical problems. Representatives of some bike clubs, together with representatives of the Minsk Motorcycle Plant, traveled through all the states of the bloc, met with the population everywhere, laid wreaths at the graves of servicemen who died in the Great Patriotic war. According to their estimates, in all states, including small settlements they know quite well about the CSTO, with the exception of the Russian Federation,” he said at a press conference in 2013.

CSTO PA: great potential for quality

Activation inter-parliamentary cooperation within the framework of the CSTO PA with the participating countries of the organization, observers and all organizations interested in cooperation becomes an important element international security in the Eurasian space and around the world.

A certain optimism about the development of the situation around the CSTO inspires the unanimous election of the Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Volodin to a similar post in the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly.

On the one hand, this is a traditional decision - earlier the CSTO PA was headed by the speakers of the State Duma of the previous and the year before last convocation Sergei Naryshkin And Boris Gryzlov respectively. But, judging by the changes that took place at the initiative of Vyacheslav Volodin in the State Duma, his chairmanship of the CSTO PA will not be “traditional”.

« It's obvious that priority The work of the Assembly for the next four years will be the implementation of a program to harmonize the national legislation of the member states of the Treaty - work has begun this year, the program is calculated until 2020. And enough tasks have accumulated, among the priorities are security issues. Five draft documents on reconciliation of national laws have already been prepared by the CSTO Standing Committee on Defense and Security. They concern the issues of combating corruption, drug trafficking, combating technological terrorism, training personnel in the area of “Security in emergency situations“, crisis response”, - notes one of the Russian federal newspapers.

In his first speech in his new post, Volodin noted that the CSTO currently faces a number of priority tasks, including, in particular, the acceleration of the formation of a single legal space in the field of defense and security on the territory of the CSTO. Among other important areas of work, he named the parliamentary response to crisis situations not only in the CSTO space, but also beyond.

Afghanistan and Serbia are already observers in the CSTO. Iran and Pakistan are due to receive this status in 2017. According to the Vice Speaker of the CSTO PA, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Yuri Vorobyov, Moldova showed interest in interacting with the CSTO - after the election of a socialist as president Igor Dodon, who has repeatedly stated the need to restore ties with Russia, relations between Moscow and Chisinau may, if not dramatically improve, then at least become less ideological and more pragmatic.

Among the tasks facing the CSTO PA and the organization as a whole, one can also note the need to establish such interaction with the structures of the CIS, the EAEU, the SCO and others, which would exclude duplication of functions and unnecessary competition between the staff of the apparatus of these organizations. All of the above interstate organizations have different tasks, and a “hardware war”, or rather, not even a war, but excessive competition will only lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of interaction in all areas, including security.

The organization itself remains rather closed, too focused on purely specific security issues, which do not always acquire a public character. Experts point out that new chairman The CSTO PA will be able to give impetus to the public component of the work, firstly, Parliamentary Assembly, and secondly, the entire CSTO as a whole.

Here we can say that security issues will also require a clear, understandable, up-to-date legislative process for ensuring. An important factor is the dialogue of civil societies on security issues. Today there is a kind of discussion between those who believe that democratic procedures should dominate the system, and between those who believe that security issues today require a departure from some principles. IN this case Volodin's participation in this discussion will modernize it, raise it to the level of development of all civil society. And at the same time, it will bring it into line with legislative needs and constitutional status.

The international agenda in the world remains tense, and the election of the US President Donald Trump added unpredictability to the foreign policy of this strongest and most influential country. In such a situation, states interested in maintaining peace and internal tranquility should unite their efforts as much as possible both in the fight against international terrorism and in the desire to Western countries impose their values and weaken the traditional lifestyle in countries of Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia and Central Asia.

Cooperation within the framework of the CSTO is a vivid example of how the most militarily strongest member of the organization, represented by Russia, does not seek to impose its own values on other members and does not interfere in internal politics their partners.

Name:

Collective Security Treaty Organization, CSTO

Flag/Coat of Arms:

Status:

military-political union

Structural units:

Collective Security Council (CSC). The Council consists of the heads of member states. The Council considers the fundamental issues of the Organization's activities and makes decisions aimed at the implementation of its goals and objectives, as well as ensures coordination and joint activities of the Member States to achieve these goals.

Council of Foreign Ministers (CMFA) - advisory and executive agency Organizations for the coordination of interaction between member states in the field of foreign policy.

The Council of Defense Ministers (CMO) is an advisory and executive body of the Organization for coordinating the interaction of member states in the field of military policy, military development and military-technical cooperation.

The Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils (CSSC) is an advisory and executive body of the Organization for coordinating the interaction of member states in the field of ensuring their national security.

The Secretary General of the Organization is the highest administrative officer of the Organization and manages the Secretariat of the Organization. Appointed by the decision of the CSC from among the citizens of the Member States and is accountable to the Council. Currently, he is Nikolai Bordyuzha.

The Secretariat of the Organization is a permanent working body of the Organization for the implementation of organizational, informational, analytical and advisory support for the activities of the Organization's bodies.

The CSTO Joint Headquarters is a permanent working body of the Organization and the CMO of the CSTO, responsible for preparing proposals and implementing decisions on the military component of the CSTO. From December 1, 2006, it is planned to assign to the joint headquarters the tasks performed by the command and the permanent task force of the headquarters of the collective forces.

Activity:

Ensuring security, integration of the armed forces

Official languages:

Participating countries:

Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan

History:

On May 15, 1992, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan signed a Collective Security Treaty (CST) in Tashkent. Azerbaijan signed the agreement on September 24, 1993, Georgia - on September 9, 1993, Belarus - on December 31, 1993.

On December 2, 2004, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution granting the Collective Security Treaty Organization observer status in the UN General Assembly.

On August 16, 2006, a decision was signed in Sochi on the full accession (restoration of membership) of Uzbekistan to the CSTO.

On February 4, 2009, in Moscow, the leaders of the countries of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) approved the creation of the Collective Rapid Reaction Force. According to the signed document, the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces will be used to repel military aggression, conduct special operations to combat international terrorism and extremism, transnational organized crime, drug trafficking, as well as to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations.

On April 3, 2009, a representative of the CSTO secretariat stated that Iran could in the future receive the status of an observer country in the CSTO.

On June 14, 2009, a session of the Collective Security Council of States was held in Moscow, according to which the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces were to be created. However, Belarus refused to participate in the session due to the outbreak of the "milk war" with Russia, believing that without stopping the actions that undermine the foundations of the partners' economic security, it is not possible to make decisions on other aspects of security. Nevertheless, the decision to establish the CRRF at the summit was taken by the other member countries, but it turned out to be illegitimate: in accordance with paragraph 1 of Rule 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the bodies of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, approved by the Decision of the Collective Security Council of the Collective Security Treaty Organization on documents, regulating the activities of the Collective Security Treaty Organization of June 18, 2004, the non-participation of a member country of the organization in the meetings of the Collective Security Council, the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, the Council of Ministers of Defense, the Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils means the absence of the consent of the member country of the organization to the adoption of decisions considered by these bodies and, accordingly, the lack of consensus for making decisions in accordance with Rule 14. Thus, the documents considered on June 14 at the CSTO summit in Moscow cannot be considered adopted due to the lack of consensus. In addition to Belarus, the document on the CRRF was not signed by Uzbekistan either. At the summit in Moscow, the document was approved by five of the seven countries that make up the organization: Russia, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.

October 2, 2009 news agencies, spread the news that the Republic of Belarus joined the agreement on the CRRF based on the statement of the President of the Republic of Belarus. All procedures for signing documents on the CRRF have now been completed. Nevertheless, already on October 6 it turned out that Belarus had not signed the agreement on the CRRF. In addition, Alexander Lukashenko refused to observe the final phase of the exercises of the CSTO rapid response forces, which took place on October 16, 2009 at the Matybulak training ground in Kazakhstan.

In June 2010, in connection with the situation in Kyrgyzstan, connected with the confrontation between the Kyrgyz and Uzbek diasporas, which actually led Kyrgyzstan to a state civil war, the Committee of Secretaries of the Security Councils was urgently convened. The KSSB was convened to resolve the issue of military assistance to Kyrgyzstan, which consisted in the introduction of parts of the CRRF into the country. With this request to the President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, the president of the transitional period of Kyrgyzstan, Roza Otunbayeva, also addressed. It should be noted that the president of Kyrgyzstan, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, made a similar call earlier. Then, after the CSTO refused to help resolve the situation in the CSTO member state, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko sharply criticized this organization. . Meanwhile, the CSTO helped Kyrgyzstan: it organized the search for the instigators of the riots and coordinated cooperation to suppress the activities of terrorist groups that actually influenced the situation from Afghanistan, the fight against the drug mafia operating in the south of Kyrgyzstan, control of all information sources operating in the south of the country. Some experts believe that the CSTO did the right thing by not sending the CRRF forces to Kyrgyzstan, since this would further aggravate the interethnic situation in the country.

June 28, 2012. Tashkent sent a note with a notice of suspension of Uzbekistan's membership in the CSTO.

MEDIA RELEASE

The anniversary of the Victory has become the main political background in the work of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the past year. The presidents of the allied states took part in the parade and held an informal meeting "on the sidelines" of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War on May 9 in Moscow, thereby emphasizing that the Victory over fascism is a common conquest of the peoples former USSR. At a meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers (CMFA) of the CSTO on April 2 this year. adopted a joint statement "On the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War", which became the basis for common action on international platforms, incl. at the UN and the OSCE. All member states - Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Russia - hosted historical, cultural and military-patriotic events dedicated to the Victory Anniversary.

Work continued to strengthen the military potential of the CSTO in the face of growing instability and the complication of the military-political situation in the world. The main efforts were focused on the formation of the Troops (Collective Forces) of the CSTO, traditional military exercises "Interaction - 2015", as well as exercises peacekeeping forces CSTO on the territory of the Republic of Armenia "Indestructible Brotherhood - 2015". A qualitatively new moment was a sudden check of the readiness of the military contingents of the CSTO Collective Rapid Response Force (CSTO CRRF) in May this year, during which the military contingents of all member states were transferred to the Republic of Tajikistan to perform combat training tasks near the Tajik-Afghan border .

The military-economic and military-technical cooperation of the Member States was strengthened, incl. the Program of Military-Economic Cooperation until 2017 and beyond was agreed upon.

In connection with the aggravation of the terrorist threat, the fight against international terrorism and extremism has come to the fore in the activities of the CSTO. At a meeting of the CSC CSTO in Moscow on December 21 this year. The presidents adopted a joint Statement on Combating International Terrorism, in which they spoke in favor of creating a broad international coalition to combat ISIS and other terrorist organizations.

Substantive work aimed at stopping the threats of terrorism and extremism, drug trafficking, illegal migration was undertaken through the Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils. In particular, measures were considered to counter the recruitment and departure of citizens of the CSTO member states to participate in armed conflicts on the side of international terrorist organizations, as well as their subsequent return to prevent terrorist activities.

In 2015, the anti-drug operation "Channel", the operation to combat illegal migration "Illegal-2015", as well as the operation to combat crimes in the information sphere "PROXY" were carried out. Work continued aimed at the formation and development of a system of joint training of personnel for law enforcement, fire fighting and emergency rescue agencies of the CSTO member states.

In order to improve the coordination of the work of Russian ministries and departments, by the Decree of the President of Russia in August this year. an interdepartmental working group to ensure the participation of the Russian Federation in the CSTO.

At the session of the CSC CSTO in December this year. in Moscow, the heads of state separately considered the issue of reforming the Secretariat and the Joint Staff of the CSTO. It was decided to rotate officials of the permanent working bodies of the CSTO. During 2016, additional reform proposals will be prepared, primarily affecting the activities of the military component of the CSTO. N.N. Bordyuzha was extended in office Secretary General Organizations until December 31, 2016.

The foreign policy coordination of the CSTO member states also had a significant increase this year. There were three meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers, two working meetings at the ministerial level - "on the sidelines" of the 70th session of the UN General Assembly and the OSCE Ministerial Council in Belgrade. Coordinating meetings of permanent representatives under international organizations, ambassadors of member states in third countries, consultations of delegations at international forums. In 2015, eight joint statements were made, as well as several joint performances at various international venues.