Sample topics for conversations on environmental topics with schoolchildren. Development of a class lesson on the topic “how can I personally help nature”
Ecological chamomile. Conversation with game elements
Concept: “Chamomile” is a form of organizing a game on environmental theme. Each petal of the “daisy” contains a variety of tasks, such as logic problems, riddles, cryptograms, games to develop imagination, auction, humorous tasks, etc. etc. The game helps improve general level ecological culture of children, development of creative and communication abilities. Designed for children in grades 2-4.
Progress of the game
Leading. Earth, globe- this is our common big house, in which there is enough space for everyone: people, animals, plants... Above us is one common blue roof - the sky. We have one common floor under our feet - earth's surface. We all have one wonderful source of light and heat - the Sun. We have common sources of moisture: rivers, lakes, seas, oceans... We all need to breathe, eat, drink, and raise children.
Over many thousands and even millions of years, all species of animals and plants have adapted to each other and to the nature around them. And a balance was established in nature. It is known that there must be more plants than animals that feed on them. And there should be more herbivorous animals than predators. Then there is enough food for everyone, and all types of plants and animals are preserved on Earth. If you destroy at least some link in this chain, for example destroying plants, the whole chain will crumble. The balance will be disrupted. And even a natural disaster may occur. People did not suspect this for a long time and recklessly cut down forests, drained swamps, and plowed the steppes. They did not think at all that they were grossly violating the laws of nature. Finally we realized it. In order to preserve nature, and at the same time to survive themselves, people began to very seriously study the laws of living nature. This is how the science of ECOLOGY arose. This word is made up of two Greek words: “oikos” - “house” and “logos” - “science”. This means that we can say that ecology is the science of our common home and the laws by which we must live in it.
I hope that the game “Ecological Daisy” will help you and I think once again about our common home and that this home must be loved and protected.
Conditions of the game. A model of a chamomile is made (the yellow circle is the core and any number of white petals). On back side petals are numbered. All the details of the “daisy” are attached to a magnetic board.
Children are divided into groups (optional). Each group chooses a commander and comes up with a team name. Then the group commanders approach the “daisy”, “pluck” a petal, and receive from the leader cards with tasks under the corresponding numbers. The teams begin preparing the task. After the allotted time has passed, teams take turns presenting their completed work.
1. Task cards.
Distribute the words into two columns according to the principle of “living - inanimate nature”:
sun, boy, berry, sky, water, stones, mushroom, fish, hare, rain, soil, tree.
Answer:
2. Depict animals using gestures and facial expressions: bear, hare, camel, rooster, woodpecker, monkey.
3. Guess the riddles.
Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in winter it will find shelter.
He is not afraid of colds:
With the first snow it's right here. (Bullfinch.)
The color is greyish,
The gait is baggy,
Habit - thieving,
The screamer is hoarse. (Crow.)
Long-tailed, white-sided,
And her name is... (magpie).
Lives in an empty hollow,
The oak chisels like a chisel. (Woodpecker.)
Little boy
In a gray army jacket
Snooping around the yard
Collects crumbs. (Sparrow.)
Who is without notes and without a pipe
Who is this? (Nightingale.)
All the migratory birds are worse,
Enemy of larvae, friend of fields,
Jump back and forth across the arable land.
And the bird's name is ... (rook).
Even though I'm a small bird,
My friends, I have a habit:
When the cold starts,
Straight from the north here. (Titmouse.)
4. Decipher the cryptogram:
12, 3, 2, 3, 11, 15, 9, 3, 1 - 10, 5, 6, 3, 12, 8, ! 1, 5, 13, 1, 13, 14. 8.
Key words: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - the third day of the week. (Wednesday.)
6, 7, 8, 9, 5 - an institution where students receive knowledge. (School.)
10, 8, 11. 15 - lower limbs person. (Legs.)
12, 8, 13, 14, 5 - the upper leafy part of potatoes, carrots, beets. (Botva.)
Answer: Take care of the forest - our wealth.
5. From these types of transport, eliminate the “extra” word and explain your choice: car, ship, bicycle, motorcycle, bus, plane.
Answer: bicycle, as it is an environmentally friendly form of transport because it does not run on fuel.
Leading. What other environmentally friendly modes of transport do you know? (Electric locomotive, tram, trolleybus, metro.)
6. Imagine: what would happen if...:
What if all the flowers disappeared from the face of the earth?
Would there be no water?
Would birds disappear?
7. Hold an “Auction” with your classmates medicinal plants».
Your task: to expressively read poems about medicinal plants. The task of the classmates is to “collect” as many medicinal plants as possible, that is, after finishing reading the poems, those who wish should take turns to name as many as possible more plants, which were discussed in the poems. The one whose list is longer wins.
I am ginseng, a wonderful root.
If someone is very sick,
Find my root
And anyone will get better.
Ginseng tincture for you
The appetite will return and the laughter will return,
After all, ginseng means
Miracle - “root-man”.
On the path, on the path -
There is boil grass everywhere,
Or just plantain -
Familiar to everyone, not new!
I tied the leaf to the abscess.
A day or two will pass - and a miracle!
You are healthy without doctors.
Here's a simple piece of paper!
Linden - a remedy for colds,
Everyone knows about it everywhere.
Although the linden color is inconspicuous,
But there is no healthier tea.
For sore throats and colds
They drink healing linden tea.
They say when they are sick:
“Come on, linden, help me out!”
There are geraniums, cloves, porridge -
There is pharmaceutical chamomile.
You need to know about chamomile.
White tiny flower -
For poultices, for lotions.
If inflammation
The decoction is calming.
My seeds are healing -
For gastritis, drink the infusion.
Roots - kill poisons
And relieve pain in the kidneys.
I have one problem:
When I bloom
That's the beauty of my flowers
It catches everyone's eye.
And they tear me into bouquets,
I fear them like fire!
I beg you to have mercy
And don’t pick peonies in vain!
We have not only phytoncides,
Why are germs so scary?
We contain vitamins,
Which, undoubtedly, everyone needs.
And therefore, less often
You had to get sick
Every home has onions and garlic
Must have all year round.
The one who is close friends with us,
Never gets sick.
There is a lot of aroma in the house,
If mint is drying in the house.
mint cake,
Mint infusion spoon -
No more nausea
There is no hoarseness in the throat.
Validol, toothpaste -
Mint, mint, mint everywhere!
We collect not in vain
This grass, guys!
List the benefits of plants.
8. Make the right choice.
On the left are the seasons, on the right is what happens in nature, in people’s lives in different times year. Task: connect the left column with the right column correctly using arrows.
WINTER The buds are swelling.
Leaf fall.
…………… The rooks are arriving.
………….. Indian summer.
SPRING Mushroom time.
Picking cranberries.
…………… Grain harvesting.
SUMMER Haymaking.
Birds make nests.
Christmas.
AUTUMN Ice drift.
9. Guess the riddles.
Very durable and elastic
A reliable friend for builders.
Houses, steps, pedestals
They will become beautiful and noticeable. (Granite.)
If you meet me on the road,
Your legs will get stuck.
And make a bowl or vase -
You'll need it right away. (Clay.)
In mom's kitchen
Excellent assistant
He is a blue flower
Blooms from a match. (Natural gas.)
The kids really need it
He's on the paths in the yard,
He's at a construction site and on the beach,
And it’s even melted in the glass. (Sand.)
It's black and shiny
Our friend is real.
It brings warmth to homes,
It makes the houses light.
Helps melt steel
Making paints and enamels. (Coal)
Even without it the car
It won't take a kilometer
Airplanes, helicopters
They won't take flight
The rocket won't rise.
Guess what it is? (Oil.)
Plants grew in the swamp...
And now it's fuel and fertilizers. (Peat.)
It was cooked for a long time in a blast furnace,
So that later they could make us scissors and keys. (Iron ore.)
10. What animal does the tail belong to?
She swims with the help of her tail. (Fish.)
With the help of its tail it crawls along the bottom of the river. (Cancer.)
She has a tail instead of a rudder. (Bird.)
Thanks to its tail, it pushes off the ground and jumps the farthest, and also sits, leaning on its tail. (Kangaroo.)
She has a tail - an extra arm. (Monkey.)
She steers with her tail, jumping from branch to branch.
She has a flyswatter tail. (Cow, horse.)
She has a rattle on her tail, with which she scares enemies. (Rattlesnake.)
If there is a danger of being caught by the tail, she throws it away. (Lizard.)
11. Decipher the phrase: AGINK YANSARK.
Answer: Red Book.
Leading. What do you know about the Red Book? (Children's answers.)
12. Solve problems from the “Problem Book” by G. Oster.
Pupils of one of the schools ensure that water does not flow from the taps in vain. Therefore, half of the students at this school come to class with unwashed hands. The other half of the guys come not only with unwashed hands, but also with unwashed faces. How many students are there in this school if every day 290 boys and 46 girls come to class with unwashed faces? (672.)
Last year Ninochka met a boy, and he gave her a kitten. This year Ninochka met 12 boys, and each gave her two kittens. Now Ninochka wants to meet another boy and is going to give him all her kittens. How many kittens does this boy, unknown to Ninochka yet, have a chance to acquire? (25.)
13. Snow is one of the signs of the Russian winter. It is called by different names. Fill in the missing words in the sentences. (They are written randomly below.)
Fresh, clean snow that has just powdered the ground is called... (powder).
If snowflakes stick together as they fly, we call them... (flakes).
If hard white balls painfully cut your cheeks and forehead, then they are called... (croup.)
The wind drives the snow, and it rushes along the ground like a snake. This is... (snow drift).
The wind is spinning, snow is blowing in the air. This is... (blizzard).
On the plain or in the steppe, where the wind cannot be restrained, a real snow storm can break out - ... (blizzard).
For old, stale, hard-crusted snow there is a crunchy word in Russian - ... (nast).
Conversation on ecology
Conversation script
“Take care of your native nature!”
Love and respect for nature and all living things must be instilled in children from early childhood. Both parents and teachers should do this. The teacher can hold a conversation with the children “Nature in poetry and music” and prepare with them a literary and musical composition “Take care of your native nature! ”
We present to our readers the development of such a composition. Let the guys hang posters with statements on the walls of the hall in advance outstanding people about nature:
· “I don’t know anything more beautiful than our land.” (K.G. Paustovsky)
· “Man cannot help but be fascinated by nature. He is connected with her by a thousand unbreakable threads, he is her son” (I.S. Turgenev)
· “Happiness is being with nature, seeing it, talking to it.” (L.N. Tolstoy)
· “A person who understands nature is nobler, purer.” (L.M. Leonov)
· “A person must arrange the earth as carefully as he is used to organizing his dwelling, his home.” (A.M. Gorky)
· “Man must decorate the earth.” (M.A. Sholokhov)
Schoolchildren can set up stands “Poets about Russian Nature”, “Artist about Russian Nature”, organize a competition for the best drawing about nature, prepare an exhibition of their drawings and crafts made from natural materials.
At the appointed time, schoolchildren gather in the hall. The presenter and several guys come on stage.
Host: Look around: how beautiful, amazing world We are surrounded by forests, fields, rivers, seas, oceans, mountains, sky, sun, animals, birds. This is nature! Our life is inseparable from it. Nature feeds, waters, and clothes us. She is generous and selfless.
The writer K. G. Paustovsky has the following words: “And if I sometimes want to live to be one hundred and twenty years old, it is only because one life is not enough to fully experience all the charm and all the healing power of our Russian nature. Love for native nature- one of the most important signs of love for one’s country.”
Our Russian nature, full of poetry and charm, touches and excites every person who loves his Motherland, and has a beneficial effect on his soul.
The beauty of simple and unartificial Russian nature - inexhaustible source inspiration for poets, artists and composers. Many poems, paintings, and musical works were born thanks to her.
The song “Our Land” sounds (lyrics by A. Prishelets, music by D. Kabelevsky);
Now a birch tree, now a rowan tree,
Willow bush over the river,
Extremely beloved, forever beloved,
Where else can you find one like this?
From the seas to the high mountains,
In the middle of our native latitudes
Everyone is running, the roads are running
And they call forward.
The valleys are filled with sunshine,
And wherever you look -
Native land, forever beloved,
Everything is blooming like a spring garden!
Student: And how many secrets every inconspicuous blade of grass, every flower contains!
Are you passing by a flower?
Lean in and look at the miracle
Which you could not see anywhere before.
He can do things that no one on earth can do.
For example, he takes a speck of soft black earth,
Then he takes a drop of rain,
And a blue patch of air,
And a ray of sunshine.
Everything will be mixed later (but where!?)
(Where are the rows of test tubes, flasks, and spirit lamps?)
And from the same black land
It is sometimes red, sometimes blue, sometimes lilac, sometimes gold!
V.A. Soloukhin
Guys, don’t pick armfuls of flowers in vain. Let them bloom in those short moments that nature has given them, make us happy.
A student reads a poem:
All the rye is all around, like a living steppe,
No castles, no seas, no mountains...
Thank you, dear side,
For your giving space.
N.A. Nekrasov
Student :
The Motherland gave you in full
Everything she can give only to her son.
She gave the dawn and her father's threshold.
And they gave star roads for thousands of years.
Viburnum flowers in the fields, the purity of the spring
It survived in battles, carried through centuries,
I gave you wild flowers,
Endless shining world.
The song “Where does the Motherland begin? ” (lyrics by M. Matusovsky, music by A. Pakhmutova).
Leading. Nature, which gives us everything for life, requires us to treat ourselves zealously and with care. All of us currently living are responsible for our nature to our descendants. However, sometimes both adults and children behave carelessly and wastefully towards her. A thoughtless, mismanagement of nature brings great troubles.
The singer of nature, writer M.M. Prishvin addressed the schoolchildren with the following words: “Dear children! We are the masters of our nature, for us it is a storehouse of the sun with great treasures of life. And protecting nature means protecting the Motherland. In our country there is a struggle for landscaping the yard, where many trees and flowers are planted, and for greening the streets.
Nature is good in its own way at all times of the year. But the artist Autumn decorates the world of plants with special, magical colors.
Scientists of different nationalities note with alarm that the animal and flora our planet is becoming poorer, some rivers are becoming polluted, and this leads to the death of all living things in them. Many species of animals and plants have already disappeared on Earth. Therefore, scientists have compiled the Red Books. They list species of plants and animals that are on the verge of extinction. Scientists actively participated in the preparation of the law of nature. These laws should be known not only by adults, but also by children, especially those who have not yet understood that by harming nature, they harm themselves, people, and their native country.”
Student: Man has taken from nature for too long and did not think that its riches and generosity are not eternal, that they must be taken wisely, spent carefully, and that someday they may dry up.
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Ethical conversations on ecology with younger schoolchildren
Environmental education as “a continuous process of training, education and personal development, aimed at forming a system of scientific and practical knowledge and skills, value orientations, behavior and activities that ensure a responsible attitude towards the surrounding socio-natural environment and health”, becomes new priority direction in pedagogical theory and practice.
The topics of ethical conversations on ecology can be very different: “Nature asks for protection”, “Guardian of a green friend”, “Learn to be sorry”, “The earth is our common home”, “We learn from nature”, “What the birds sing about”, “Commandments of young conservationists”, etc. Obviously, preparing for a bright conversation on environmental topics, rich in facts and examples, will take a lot of time from the teacher. Therefore, we offer the content of several small conversations with students under common name"Visiting nature."
You came to visit nature
There are some good words: “You came to visit nature, do not do anything that you would consider indecent to do while visiting.” How to understand these words? What meaning do you guys put into this statement?
So, you have come to visit nature. Why?
To hear the forest birds singing?
To see how a tight bell bud opens?
To discover a new mystery of nature, which is so generous with riddles.
To admire her beauty.
To enjoy the fresh, fragrant air.
Pick in a basket forest berries, nuts, mushrooms.
You never know why you came to visit nature! But don’t forget: you are a guest! You are in someone else's house, which has many of its own residents and rules. Do them! What are these rules?
Let's start from the very beginning: you are going to visit the forest. You are standing at the edge of the forest, now you look around and choose the direction where to go? Maybe in that corner over there, behind which the trunks of white birch trees can be seen. It must be very bright and cozy there! The decision has been made and you (alone or with your friends) begin your movement towards the chosen corner straight ahead - along forest grasses and low forest shrubs... But - stop! What did you do wrong, wrong. This is not how guests behave!
Did you guys notice a mistake made? No? Is everything correct? So should I walk through the forest where I want and where I want?
Then listen to another saying that may help you correct your mistake: “One person leaves a trail in the forest, a hundred people leave a path, and thousands leave a desert.” Now do you understand what kind of mistake this guest of nature made? Yes, the layer of soil in the forest is very thin and can be easily damaged and compacted. And at the same time damage the roots of trees and shrubs, which suffer greatly from such guests. In his book “Us and Them,” naturalist writer M. Ivin writes:
“Scientists had to think about how to protect forests from disorderly human invasion. After all, some forests are threatened with death not even by the hand, but by the foot of a person.
Which important rule Can human behavior in nature be formulated based on the example discussed? Let's write it down in our memo for friends of nature: “Don’t trample forest clearings and corners in vain, move along the paths!”
Situation: rest in the forest
You walked through the forest for a long time and got hungry. You have sandwiches, a pot. There is a small stream babbling nearby. It would be nice to have lunch!
The forest spread the clearing like a green tablecloth. The forest received you as a guest...
Look what's left after guests relax in a forest clearing! (You can get acquainted with such a polluted clearing during a walk in the forest; you can use an illustration on the theme of such a recreation in nature.)
There are pieces of paper, empty tin cans, and pieces of bread lying on the grass.
A site burnt out from a fire gapes like a black clearing.
Nearby is a mountain of dried spruce branches, which were plucked from a nearby spruce tree to make it soft and comfortable to sit on.
The fire from the fire burned the roots and branches of a nearby tree.
This is how a guest of nature had a rest! He himself had a rest, but how much harm he brought to the forest and its inhabitants! How many mistakes I made!
He soiled the clearing like a slob!
He burned a huge clearing under a fire, destroyed the grass, insects on them and in the soil, and disfigured the forest clearing!
Damaged the fir trees.
What else? Look at what kind of “memory” the resting forest guest left about his hike. What did he do? And he made an inscription with a knife on the white-trunked bark: “Vova was here.” And drops of sap flowed down the bark of the wounded birch tree like tears.
After such fun, the forest guest quickly left the crippled clearing. Why?
Maybe you felt ashamed?
Or maybe he was afraid that other people would see him and punish him?
Or because the forest clearing has become uncomfortable and ugly?
And if you had to rest in a forest clearing, or on the banks of a river or lake, in a meadow, how would you organize your bivouac? Your vacation?
And one more thing: having realized the wrong behavior of a vacationing guest in the forest and his action towards a wounded birch tree, could you correct the situation in the forest clearing? How?
Situation: noise in the forest
You love listening to music and took a camp radio or tape recorder with you. You are walking through a forest or a meadow, and music is thundering next to you. How good! Is it good? Why?
Noise, loud music, screams in the forest scare birds and animals. And - fish. And - insects. Don't believe me? Turn off the receiver and check - before your appearance, the meadow was ringing with the melodies of a green grasshopper violinist. And now? Everything was quiet, hidden, hidden.
If you want to see a lot of interesting things in nature and hear the singing of birds, the buzzing of insects, the squeaking of a wood mouse - hide, don’t make noise, listen to the rustles and sounds. You are visiting nature and remember this!
Write down one more rule of behavior in your memo: do not make noise in nature, try to move and relax without noise.
Situation: nest
Have you noticed that a gray crow constantly flies after you from tree to tree? Didn't notice? But in vain! It seems to you that you are walking through the forest silently. But for forest animals your appearance is a whole event. Dozens of wary eyes are watching you.
You noticed a nest in the bushes. What will you do?
Will you bend down to see if there are any eggs or chicks in it? Or just for the sake of interest, how is a nest-hut made and woven? Yes, of course, you touched no one, you didn’t offend anyone. But he unwittingly did a disservice to the owners of the nest! Which one?
Haven't you noticed that the crow doesn't take his eyes off you? So maybe she didn’t see the nest, but now? The nest is camouflaged, the path to it is open to crows, martens, ferrets and other predators who, having discovered traces of a person, follow them in the hope of profiting from something.
Have you guys ever found a nest?
How did you behave when you saw him?
Is it necessary to look for the nest if you see that the bird has fluttered and is clearly trying to lead you aside?
How will you now behave in a “meeting with a nest” situation?
Remember! In the forest, in the meadow, on the lake, you need to be very careful, try not to harm those who crawl, run, swim and fly!
Situation: chick on the trail
You are walking through the forest and suddenly you see a healthy, cute chick sitting. He sits quietly, waiting to be fed. And the parents are already close, returning with food. But then your hands grab the baby tightly! Maybe you wanted to bring home a living toy? And maybe, out of your ignorance, you took pity on the defenseless cub, who did not need your help at all?
And now a new tenant has appeared in your house. He was surrounded with care and affection. And the chick begins to crow, refuses to eat, and instead of the expected joy at home, anxiety appears for the sick animal, despair from the inability to help.
In vain, oh how in vain you interfered in fragile life chick! Why in vain?
Draw the necessary conclusions for yourself and remember, guys: under no circumstances should you take chicks from your home and from your parents! Perhaps you come across a sick, wounded chick - then, as a last resort, you can take it to go out, treat it and release it!
Situation: forest animals
In spring and early summer there are a lot of young animals in the forest: small fluffy hares, baby hedgehogs, gray ones like toys...
You failed the test and brought the animal home. Maybe a baby squirrel or a bunny, or maybe a tiny hedgehog. What's waiting for him at your house? The same as a chick - after all, you know nothing about its lifestyle, about its food. They usually feed an animal at home with food that is not the same as it eats in nature, and then they wonder why this animal, despite caring for it, suddenly dies?
Who gave you the right to control the fate of a forest animal?
This is what the girl writes:
In August we found a hedgehog and brought it home. We fed him grass and flowers. And he just died...
They weren't found, they were kidnapped! After all, how can you find an animal in its own home, in nature, where no one has lost it and it itself is not lost either. A field, forest, meadow is the animal’s native home, to the life in which it has adapted.
Remember: you cannot steal animals from nature! Only those who do not love and understand nature can drag home everything that comes to hand. The seizure of animals, even babies, is a real theft natural resources. It is enough to admire the animal in nature and bring with you a lot of impressions from the meeting, which will not be forgotten for a long time!
Situation: anthill
You came to the village for the summer holidays. Next to it is a forest. My grandfather and I went to the forest to pick berries and mushrooms. You ran ahead of your grandfather.
Oh, what a tall pile! – you were surprised and stuck a stick into it. A lot of ants were running around the stick.
Grandfather came up and carefully took out the stick.
“Great trouble has come to the forest,” he said.
Where's the trouble? From whom?
Over there, with the ants. The little people lived and lived, working from morning to evening, collecting needles, removing harmful caterpillars from the trees. Well, the enemy came and destroyed what had been done with great labor.
Where is the enemy? – you didn’t understand.
The enemy? Yes, here he is, nearby...
You started looking around, but you still didn’t see the enemy. Who is he?
How and from whom should you protect ants in an anthill?
Did you know that there are fewer and fewer anthills in our forests? Anthills die during logging, they are ruined by idlers who are ready to make money on the ant fuss, destroy ants and various healers, catching them to prepare formic alcohol, and people who prepare “ant eggs” for feeding songbirds and fish in aquariums. They destroy anthills and forest animals: wild boars, bears...
Ants are playing important role in the life of nature. They need to be protected and protected. How? How do you guys understand this rule?
Follow the rule of individual behavior: do not destroy or disturb the ants yourself!
Do not allow other people to destroy anthills.
Hang posters and slogans in the forest, telling them what benefits ants bring to the forest, and explaining what harm the destruction of anthills brings to forests.
Exercise: draw a poster “Ants are friends of the forest”, cover it with transparent film and hang it in the forest, next to the anthill.
Situation: bouquet of flowers
When it comes to bouquets, we admit right away: we are not at all against forest and meadow flowers standing in a jar on the windowsill, or in a vase on the table. But you need moderation and taste in collecting them. How do you understand this? Measure and taste?
Of course, it’s impossible to list the flowers that summer bestows on us. And they all ask to be included in the bouquet. And if you collect everything that comes your way, you will get a huge multi-colored broom, which will soon wither and you will throw it away. So you can pick very little into a bouquet - two or three pieces of chamomile (popovnik), cornflower, cotton grass...
When to collect a bouquet of forest and meadow flowers? At the beginning of the walk? Or on the way home when you return from a walk? Why?
What flowers can be collected - the largest and brightest or those that are beginning to bloom? Why do you think?
Yes, large blooming flowers will soon wither, but those that have begun to bloom, placed in water, will perk up and bloom. But remember: there are fewer and fewer beautiful flowers left in our fields and meadows, in the forests due to their thoughtless collection: forest and meadow flowers picked into bouquets quickly wither and die. Therefore, try to admire them in nature instead of tearing them and then throwing them away in armfuls on the way home. Plants listed in the Red Book require special protection. Their collection is prohibited.
These are: lady's slipper, oak anemone, gentian pulmonalis, marsh sedum, broad-leaved bell, peach-leaved bell, snow-white water lily, yellow capsule, lily of the valley, bifolia, common larkspur, high larkspur, bulbous corydalis, imbricated fennel, fuchs orchis and many other species .
Exercise: collect “portraits” of protected plants, postcards, photographs, drawings and make a stand “Protect flowering plants!” Hang it where teachers and parents advise.
Make sure that your friends, acquaintances, younger brothers and the sisters did not collect rare beautiful flowering plants in the forest and meadow. Take care and protect them!
Situation: basket of berries
The forest generously treats people. Townspeople and rural residents rush to the forest as soon as forest fruits and berries begin to ripen. Many people rush to collect unripe pale pink lingonberries and cranberries, to collect which some pickers use scoops and scrapers that collect not only the berries, but sometimes the entire plant; Often berry pickers collect berries along with bushes and branches of strawberries, blueberries, and blackberries.
Is it because they stoop so low to the ground that they are afraid of being torn off at the very roots? It is painful to see how a young picker carries home a sad souvenir - a withered bouquet of strawberry branches or blueberry branches. But blueberries, for example, begin to bear fruit only in the second decade! Wasn’t it too early, due to your misunderstanding, that you ended the life of a useful forest berry - after all, it can bear fruit for up to two hundred years?!
How to pick berries without damaging the plant? Let's think about this together.
You need to pick berries carefully, do not trample them and do not move from place to place unnecessarily.
You need to pick berries with your hands, not with a scoop.
Take only ripe berries; unripe and green berries are tasteless and will have to be thrown away. But if you don’t take them, the plant will give a second harvest in a few days and will delight new berry pickers.
Under no circumstances should you uproot a plant!
You never need to pick all the berries - you need to leave some for animals and birds, who also look for food in nature.
Situation: mushroom basket
August in the forest is the month of mushrooms. And will you ever meet a man without a basket in the August forest? What if something happens? Don't leave it!
Why leave it? You can and should take it! But how to take it?
Remember how you pick mushrooms? What rules do you follow? Is it possible to tear up moss and forest litter and throw it aside when picking mushrooms? Why?
That’s right, mycelium (threads in the ground), if exposed to the rays of the sun, can dry out and die.
How to pick mushrooms correctly?
Do not pick, but cut off the stem of the mushroom with a knife or carefully turn it out of the ground so as not to damage the mycelium.
What about unfamiliar mushrooms?
Of course, it’s better not to take them! Why? Yes, because among them there may be poisonous mushrooms. But remember: if mushrooms are poisonous to humans, then it is not at all necessary that they are poisonous to animals - they can be useful for them: squirrels, moose, wild boars, deer. So you shouldn’t kick the handsome fly agaric. Let him decorate the forest and heal animals from diseases.
So we have discussed several commandments of behavior in nature. Of course, this is only a small part of the rules of behavior in the natural environment. But these rules will also help preserve the diversity of flowering herbs, and the purity of forests and meadows, and “our little brothers,” and the green outfit of the planet, and the voices of birds, and the ringing chirping of a green grasshopper in the meadow...
The cause of many unseemly acts in nature is ignorance. Therefore, your first task is to study the life of the inhabitants of nature; find out why it is necessary to act in nature one way and not another; try to follow the necessary instructions and prohibitions during rest, picking berries, mushrooms, nuts, and medicinal plants.
Nature is the common home of plants, fungi, animals and humans, and we need to think about how this house will always prosper and grow rich.
Environmental conversation "Garbage is a global problem."
Relevance of the topic: Planet Earth is our common home, every person living in it must treat it with care and respect, preserving all its values and wealth.Description of material: This year I was faced with the task of telling the children about the ecology of our region. I bring to your attention several conversations about ecology, designed for children in grades 5-7; this material can also be useful for teachers, educators and parents.
Recommendations: The conversation is accompanied by a presentation (multimedia support), which allows you to more fully understand the degree of danger from pollution of our Home-Earth. The conversation begins with a showing of an excerpt from the cartoon "Walli", followed by a performance problematic issue. You can play out the question or ask the children to ask it, or ask the teacher (this depends on the class).
Target: To develop in children knowledge about various types of household pollution. To arouse the desire of schoolchildren to protect nature, to give instructions for carrying out some activities to protect nature.
Tasks:
-study the scale of the problem;
-analyze modern methods waste disposal;
- find rational ways to dispose of waste.
Progress of the conversation.
The cartoon should be stopped at 2 minutes and the question asked: “What did you see in this passage?”
Sample answers from children:
- mountains of garbage,
- empty planet
-a robot that collects trash...
Teacher's question: "Why is the planet empty, what happened? What is the reason?"
Sample answers from children:
- people flew away because they littered the planet and could not live on it.
Now look under your desks (note the sidewalk... or any other example..., is there a job for Valli there?
Our village arose in 1921, on the banks of the river. Several houses were built. The first inhabitants saw around them a beautiful forest, fertile meadows, and carpets of fields. The village grew. And what do we see now? What caused this to happen? ( Children's answers)
Today we will talk to you about garbage, we will try to figure out how dangerous our household garbage is.
Show presentation.
Garbage is a global problem.
2 slide. Each inhabitant of our planet produces an average of about 1 ton of garbage per year.3 slide.
Causes of garbage:
. growth in disposable production;
Example for clarity: disposable tableware, which is used on hikes, picnics, etc.
. increasing the amount of packaging;
An example for clarity: a box of chocolates. To get to a handful of candies, we first remove the film, then open the lid of the box, then remove the paper, and take out the candies from the individual packages. As a result, there are only 6-12 pieces of candy, and a full bucket of garbage!
. raising the standard of living, allowing usable things to be replaced with new ones.
An example for clarity: almost every day we are offered new phones from the TV screen, and we have a desire to buy new thing, although the old phone is serviceable and functional. Where do we put the old phone after purchasing a new one?
4 slide. Municipal solid waste(MSW, household waste) - objects or goods that have lost their consumer properties, the largest part of consumer waste
Solid waste: paper, glass, food waste, plastics, fabrics, metal objects. In addition to all this, large-sized solid waste (garbage - old furniture, out of order household appliances, car tires etc.)
5 slide. Conventionally, all generated waste can be divided into 4 categories. (description on slide)
Inert - Possessing low chemical activity; difficult to enter into chemical reactions.
Waste is also divided according to the degree of danger for environment. The classification is progressive from class 5 to class 1.
1st grade: Extremely hazardous waste. The threat is very high; at this level, the ecological system is irreversibly damaged and there is no recovery period.
Class 2: Highly hazardous waste. The threat to the environment is high. Restoring the ecological balance is possible in 30 years.
Class 3: Moderately hazardous waste. The ecological system is disrupted. Restoration of the ecological system is possible no less than 10 years after the reduction or elimination of the harmful source.
Class 4: Low hazardous waste. There is an environmental impact. Ecological restoration for at least 3 years.
5th grade: Practically not dangerous. There is no impact on the environment.
6 slide. Construction and household waste
Construction waste. This type of waste is generated during construction and installation work for various purposes, in particular the construction of large facilities, road works, as well as during the dismantling and demolition of premises. Most often, such waste includes frozen lump-shaped mortars, crushed stone, broken bricks, fittings, wood waste, scrap metal and others. This waste is classified as hazard class 3-4.
Household waste.
Household waste is generated during human life, usually in institutions, residential complexes, private sectors, municipal institutions and so on. This type of garbage usually includes food waste, plastic, paper, furniture, glass, clothing and other household waste. This kind of garbage has a hazard class of 4-5.
Slide 7 Industrial wasteIndustrial waste.
These are various types of waste that are generated as a result of production work and technological processes. Garbage has a hazard class of 2-3.
In addition to waste generated as a result of the activities of the population and enterprises, wastewater also includes water, the formation of which was the result of the fallout of various atmospheric precipitation on the territory of industrial facilities and populated areas.
Various organic matter, contained in wastewater, when released into water bodies, begin to rot and cause a deterioration in the sanitary condition of both the water bodies themselves and the surrounding air, and also become sources of the spread of pathogenic bacteria.
That's why the most important issues environmental protection are wastewater disposal and cleaning waste water, allowing to prevent harm to the health of the population and the ecological situation of populated areas.
8 slide. Chemical compounds and rubber
Chemical - pollutants are harmful chemical compounds. Hazard class 1.
9slide. Packaging materials (plastic bags, plastic bottles, aluminum cans)
10 slide. Three ways of recycling have been invented (description on slide)
Exercise "My Briefcase"
(individually, in groups, as a whole class)
Children take things and objects out of their briefcases and sort them, laying out separately objects made of wood (paper), metals, fabric, glass, plastics. Under the guidance of the teacher, they record data in a table, writing out the contents of the portfolio in the appropriate columns. Further discussion: are there many products and what material are they made of? How long will these things last? How quickly will they end up in landfill? Is there anything that can be done to prevent them from becoming trash?
11 slide. Landfills are the most anti-ecological way of recycling waste.
In a typical landfill, toxic infiltration water flows out of it, and methane enters the atmosphere, which contributes to increased greenhouse effect(today methane “takes over” 20% of the climate warming effect)
In a notebook
b:
1. Toxic substances penetrate into groundwater, are scattered by the winds throughout the surrounding area and thereby cause damage to the environment.
2.As a result of rotting processes without air access, various gases are formed
3. Fires regularly occur in landfills, releasing soot, phenol and other toxic substances into the atmosphere.
12 slide. When constructing a waste site, the following are taken into account:
- rose, winds in the landfill area;
-distance from settlements, water protection and environmental zones;
- soil water permeability;
-the area of the territory allocated for the landfill (the area must be sufficient to receive waste for a long time);
- location convenient for transport access
Slide 13 As an option for a landfill, a landfill for storing solid waste is proposed - this is a “bathtub” with a bottom and sides made of clay and polyethylene film, in which compacted layers of solid waste are interspersed with layers of soil. The volume of waste is growing so quickly that after a few years any landfill is filled and a new one needs to be built.
Does our village's landfill meet all the requirements? Why?
Slide 14 Unauthorized dumps(Where can these landfills be seen in the village? Near it?)
1. Disfigures the landscape.
2.Creates a threat to human health:
- breeding rodents are carriers of infectious diseases;
- toxicological hazard from the release of methane and sulfur dioxide.
3. The released biogas creates an explosion and fire hazard.
4. Contamination of soil and groundwater with compounds of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel.
Slide 15 Construction waste the ravines fill up and I
We.
-Firstly, such landfills are drained to prevent water from the landfill from penetrating into underground aquifers.
-Secondly, they are ventilated to prevent the formation of flammable and toxic gases.
-Thirdly, garbage is poured into the landfill so that its surface is flat.
16 side. Incineration of waste.
- harmful or toxic chemical compounds are released in large quantities.
-not all garbage burns
-garbage contains a lot of moisture and difficult-to-combustible materials
Slide 17: There are waste incineration plants: 1 ton of garbage can produce 400 kWh (energy - hot steam). However, even with the most advanced combustion technology, these plants pollute the atmosphere. Although an environmentally friendly waste incineration plant was built in Vienna.
The building with golden spherical domes, a tall chimney tower and colorful walls houses the Spittelau incineration plant (the creation of Hundertwasser), which has become an organic element of the city landscape, an example of high environmental standards and a popular tourist attraction. The Spittelau incinerator is a rare combination of practicality and beauty. The plant can dispose of 265,000 tons of waste annually. He generates electricity for his needs independently. In addition, it supplies heat to 60,000 Viennese apartments. Mirrored golden balls crowning factory chimneys are not just catchy architectural decor, but effective filters that remove smoke heavy metals, acids and sulfur dioxide. These devices were very expensive for the treasury (the cost of the project almost doubled because of them), but the author of the project himself insisted on their installation. Now there are no unpleasant odors in the vicinity of the plant.
Slide 18: Recycling the most resource-saving way.
-The first problem: the garbage needs to be sorted. Recycling requires investment to make waste treatment plants economically profitable.
-The second problem: delivery of waste to the recycling site.
-Third problem: garbage cannot be used as a raw material for the production of high-quality products. Although it is profitable to recycle solid waste, there is always a demand for secondary raw materials - paper, glass, plastic, aluminum, non-ferrous metals, etc.
Slide 19 Besides
1.Industrial waste must not be disposed of together with household waste.,
-pesticides, mercury and its compounds – waste from the chemical industry;
-radioactive waste generated at nuclear power plants;
-arsenic and its compounds - waste from metallurgical industries and thermal power plants;
lead compounds – waste from the oil refining and paint industries, etc.
20 slide. 2.Household waste - which after its use becomes special waste.
-Batteries;
-unused medications;
-remains chemicals plant protection (pesticides);
-residues of paints, varnishes and adhesives;
-remains of cosmetics (eye shadow, nail polish, nail polish remover);
-residues of household chemicals (cleaning products, deodorants, stain removers, aerosols, furniture care products);
-mercury thermometers.
21 slides.The disposal (disposal) of special waste is regulated by strict rules and regulations:
-Combustion in special installations,
-Placement at special training grounds
-Storage on the ground surface in a waterproof platform up to 3 m thick.
22 slide. Recycling of solid waste in Russia is no more than 2%; one of the reasons is insufficient ecological culture of the population. After all, it’s easier for us to throw garbage into a common container than to sort it. And the dirtiest garbage is food waste. They decompose and contaminate the other, making it more difficult to sort through.
22 slide. Natural decomposition of waste:
-papers - from 2 to 10 years,
- tin can - 90 years,
-cigarette filter - 100 years, plastic bag- 200 years, plastics - 500 years,
-glass - 1000 years.
24slide. As we have already said, the most environmentally friendly way to get rid of garbage is to recycling. Your options (children give examples of recycling waste)
-The Dutch are building an island out of garbage in the Pacific Ocean
-Build houses from bottles (glass)
-Build fences, create sculptures
Slide 25-27: Recycling of waste (examples on the slide)
Exercise "Useful trash"
(frontal)
Find trash in pictures or in your things that can be recycled.
Game "Garbage sorting."
(in groups)
Children in groups sort garbage into fractions, deciding for themselves which fractions to highlight. It is possible to replace "real" garbage with cards. Discussion of the results of the work.
28 slide. Active environmental pollution has led to global environmental problem– destruction of the human environment.
Slide 29 Let's come up with rules that we will follow so that our planet remains clean.
1.Throw garbage only into containers;
2. Take a shopping bag with you when going shopping;
3.Try to buy detergents that do not contain phosphates;
4.Do not throw garbage into sinks and toilets;
5.As organic fertilizers use compost and manure;
6.If possible, buy drinks in glass bottles;
7. Try to avoid buying disposable items.
30 slide.
-Is scientific and technological progress justified? After all, while improving our living conditions, it inevitably leads to disaster for the natural environment.
-Increasing anthropogenic pressure may ultimately lead to the extinction of humanity as a biological species.
-And one of the reasons for this is garbage...
Exercise "Alternative"
(in groups or as a whole class)
Alternatives need to be offered various things, which very quickly become garbage. How can they be made differently so that there is less waste?
-plastic bag for milk, kefir
- disposable tableware
-plastic lemonade bottle
- batteries
-other, from what the children themselves named during the conversation.
Final discussion.
Our civilization is sometimes called a civilization of waste. Never before in the history of mankind have landfills grown so rapidly! If the garbage of earthlings is piled up in one place in one year, then a real mountain will be formed, like Mont Blanc. What can you and I do so that at least Valli doesn’t have to work in our village?