The coldest places on earth. Pole of Cold - where is the coldest point on Earth? The coldest temperature on earth
This ranking lists the coldest places different parts world and continents: Antarctica, Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America as well as Australia and Oceania. The coldest place in Antarctica and the whole Earth as a whole is the Russian Vostok station. July 21, 1983 there was...
The coldest place in Antarctica
The coldest place in Antarctica and the whole Earth as a whole is the Russian Vostok station. On July 21, 1983, the most low temperature on our planet in the history of meteorological observations -89.2 degrees Celsius. Naturally, such frosts at the Vostok station are not all year round. The average temperature in August (the coldest month at the station) is -68 °C. The average temperature in December warm month) -31.9 °C. The warmest day in the history of the Vostok station is January 11, 2002, when the temperature reached -12.2 °C.
The coldest part of the world on earth
After Antarctica, the most cold part light on Earth is Asia, where records of low temperatures are again recorded on Russian territory. Disputes for the title of the Pole of Cold of the Northern Hemisphere are between two settlements in Yakutia - the city of Verkhoyansk (population 1,200 people) and the village of Oymyakon (population about 500 people).
Officially, this title belongs to Verkhoyansk, because on February 5, 1892, a temperature of -67.8 ° C was recorded at the local meteorological station, which is a record in the history of official meteorological observations in the Northern Hemisphere. Meteorological observations were not carried out in Oymyakon at that time, however, unofficially, in 1924, academician Sergei Obruchev recorded a temperature of -71.2 °C there. According to other sources, this record was broken in 1938, when the temperature in Oymyakon dropped to -77.8 °C. If we compare the height above sea level of the village of Oymyakon and the Antarctic station "Vostok", then Oymyakon can be considered the coldest place on Earth, because the station "Vostok" is located at an altitude of 3,488 meters above sea level, while Oymyakon is located at about 70 meters above sea level.
Officially, the lowest temperature recorded in Oymyakon is −67.7 °C (in 1933). Surprisingly, in summer months in the coldest places in Russia it is hot in summer: on July 28, 2010 in Oymyakon it was +34.6 °C, and in Verkhoyansk the temperature record with a plus sign is +37.3 °C.
Coldest place in North America
The third coldest part of the world is North America. On January 9, 1954, a temperature of -66.1 °C was recorded at the North Ice research station. If we take the mainland directly, then the title of the coldest place in North America belongs to the now abandoned Canadian village of Snag, where on February 3, 1947, a temperature of -63 ° C was recorded.
The coldest place in Europe
In addition to Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, which are the coldest places in Asia and the entire Northern Hemisphere, in Russia, namely in the Komi Republic, there is also the coldest place in Europe - the village of Ust-Shchugor with a population of about 50 people. On December 31, 1978, a temperature of -58.1 °C was recorded here.
The coldest place in South America
The coldest place in South America is the Argentine city of Sarmiento, where on June 17, 1907 a temperature of -33 °C was recorded.
The coldest place in Australia and Oceania
The coldest place in Australia and Oceania is the city of Ranfurly in New Zealand, where on July 18, 1903 a temperature of -25.6 °C was recorded.
The coldest place in Africa
Africa is the warmest, but there are also sub-zero temperatures. The coldest place in Africa is the city of Ifrane in Morocco, where on February 11, 1935 a temperature of -23.9 °C was recorded.
Climatic and weather conditions on our planet are very diverse. When a blizzard rages at one end, warm tropical rain falls somewhere or a scorching sun shines. Do you know where the coldest place on earth is? If you ever decide to take up extreme tourism or just want to expand your horizons, be sure to check out this kind of information.
Unofficial record holder
The coldest place on Earth is located in Antarctica, in the so-called ice dome. The thickness of this unique block of ice is approximately 2.5 kilometers, which represents the largest reserves of frozen water. This area is absolutely uninhabited, and research is not conducted on its territory. It is generally accepted that temperatures down to minus 100 degrees Celsius can be recorded here, but there is no official confirmation of this information.
Recognized leader
Since the information described above is not confirmed by reliable sources and studies, it is generally accepted that the coldest place on Earth is located on the territory of the Vostok polar station in Antarctica. It was here that the official minimum was recorded, amounting to 89.2 degrees Celsius (the record was set in 1983, according to some unofficial sources, after 14 years, the temperature dropped another two degrees lower).
An explanation for this phenomenon could be natural features local places:
- the thickness of the ice located under the station is approximately 3.5 kilometers (height above sea level);
- significant distance from the ocean;
- long period of polar night.
Negative temperatures are commonplace for the area where the station is located, as a rule, even in summer the air does not warm up above minus 21 degrees.
The coldest inhabited cities
Where is the coldest place on Earth located? Do not be surprised at this question, some people feel comfortable even in the most severe climatic conditions. The official data is as follows: the pole of cold is in Russian Federation on the territory of Siberia. The leading positions in the most extreme temperature indicators here are held by two settlements: Oymyakon and the city of Verkhoyansk.
A little more than a thousand people live in modern Verkhoyansk, this city is relatively young, located within the Arctic Circle, the first mention of it dates back to the end of the 18th century. At this time in Northern Siberia exiles were carried out for convicts who violated the law or opposed state power. Air temperature in winter period in this region, according to average indicators, is approximately minus 46 degrees. Record figures were noted in 1885 (-67.8)
An even more difficult weather situation takes place in Oymyakon, located on the banks of the small river Indigirka. About 500 people live on its territory, who annually have to endure truly severe cold. According to multi-year meteorological observations, winter temperatures in this area are much lower than in neighboring Verkhoyansk. The absolute minimum was recorded in 1926 and amounted to -71.2 degrees.
Answering the question, where is the coldest place on earth, you have to choose between these two settlements.
The coldest populous city
A large Russian city Yakutsk is the center of the Sakha Republic. The settlement was founded in 1632, and today the number of its inhabitants has reached 250 thousand people. Citizens easily endure frosts and are not afraid of even the most severe cold, as their bodies have adapted to difficult weather conditions. Such a bold statement can be confirmed by the dry numbers of official statistics:
Kingdom of cold outside of Russia
When looking for an answer to the question of where the coldest place on earth is located, you can most often hear about various residential and non-residential areas on the territory of the Russian Federation, however, outside our country there are also sections of the kingdom of cold and ice. Of course, such a place can be considered the island of Greenland. The average temperature for certain heights in this area is minus 47 degrees (the data are recorded in the center of the island, they are average for February).
How do people live in extreme conditions?
Who is he, a resident of the coldest place on earth? Of course, even in the most northern latitudes there are representatives of the world of flora and fauna, but we will talk about whether ordinary people can live in such an area.
Polar scientists live at Vostok station all year round, hundreds of the most ordinary people who challenged the elements, frost and cold. What difficulties do you have to face local residents? The biggest problems of northern life are usually associated with:
Being outside at very low temperatures is quite difficult, if not impossible. So, at minus 70 degrees, the liquid in the eyes of a person freezes, which means that for carrying out scientific research special outfit required. Without such devices, even with milder indicators, you can be on the street for no more than a quarter of an hour, and sometimes even 10 minutes. In addition, in conditions of extremely low temperatures, it is not recommended to try to run, breathe often and deeply. Experts advise to pay considerable attention to shoes, for example, platform models with the thickest soles are used in this case increased demand.
The coldest place on earth
The coldest place on earth is in Antarctica. This place is called - the pole of cold.
Lowest natural temperature on the planet Earth was recorded on July 21, 1883 on the Soviet (in this moment Russian) Vostok station in Antarctica. The measurement result showed a temperature of 89.2 degrees Celsius.
Vostok station is located at an altitude of 3488 meters above sea level, located far from the ocean, so the nearest coast is more than 1000 km away, the polar night lasts from May to June, all these factors affect the ambient temperature at this point.
Geographical coordinates East stations: 78°28"S 106°48"E
For comparison, the south pole is not the coldest place on the planet, as the minimum recorded temperature is -82.8 degrees Celsius.
Scientists say that the Vostok station is not the coldest accurate station on the planet, but there is still very little measuring equipment in Antarctica to record temperatures on all surfaces of the continent, most likely there are points where the temperature dropped even lower - 89.2 degrees Celsius, but it was not recorded by trusted temperature measuring instruments.
The coldest place in the northern hemisphere of the Earth
January 15, 1885 in Verkhoyansk S.F. Kovalik recorded a temperature of -67.8 degrees Celsius.
However, you need to understand that this is a single case of fixation. In practice, it is customary to determine the poles of cold by the average temperature throughout the year.
At the moment, 2 locations are the pole of cold in the northern hemisphere.
- the city of Verkhoyansk, located in Russia, in the Republic of Sakha
- Oymyakon village, Russia, Republic of Sakha
Incredible Facts
Mother nature made sure that we feel quite comfortable on this planet, but there are places where harsh natural conditions take over human endurance. You may not want to go there as a tourist, but perhaps learning about these places, you can appreciate the charm of your native places more.
The coldest places in the world
Vostok Station, Antarctica
Located near the south geomagnetic pole, and at an altitude of about 3500 m above sea level, the Russian research station Vostok is in constant cold. In July 1983, the lowest temperature on earth was recorded here, namely -89.2 ° C. Near Vostok station is Lake Vostok - the most big lake planet, buried under 4 km of ice, which Russian scientists recently drilled.
Eureka, Canada
The Eureka Research Base in the north of Ellesmere Island in Canada is often referred to as the coldest inhabited place in the world. It is located on the 80th parallel and was established as a weather station in 1947. Medium annual temperature here is about -20°C. In winter it drops to -40°C.
Oymyakon, Russia
About 350 km south of the Arctic Circle, Oymyakon is located in Yakutia, which plunged into unprecedented frosts in 1926, when the air temperature dropped to -71.2 ° C, becoming the lowest temperature northern hemisphere. Oymyakon is a place of extremes. In winter, the day lasts about 3 hours, and in summer the sun can shine for 21 hours.
McKinley, USA
Denali or Mount McKinley is the highest peak in North America and has long been considered the coldest mountain on Earth. The air temperature here drops to -40°C. To climb the 6194 meter peak of Alaska, you need to be a climber, but you can walk a little more warm places next to, in national park Denali.
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Located in the Mongolian steppe, about 1300 meters above sea level, Ulaanbaatar is the coldest capital in the world. In January, the temperature rarely rises above -16 ° C, and the winters themselves are quite long and harsh.
The hottest places in the world
Deshte Lut Desert, Iran
In 2005, a NASA satellite recorded the highest surface temperature ever recorded, exceeding the 70-degree barrier. Combined with the heat, the Deshte Lut Desert rivals Chile's Atacama Desert for the title of the driest place on earth, and across the surface of central Deshte Lut, no creature, including bacteria, will survive. This desert is proud of its unique natural phenomena, including sand dunes up to 500 m high due to strong winds.
Al Azizia, Libya
40 km south of Tripoli is the city of Al-Aziziyah, where the highest temperature of 57.8°C was recorded in September 1922. The city is located just an hour from mediterranean sea where you can cool off from the unbearable heat.
Death Valley, California, USA
Located 86 m below sea level, the famous strip of the Mojave Desert can rightfully be called Death Valley. A long and thin cavity traps hot air, which leads to crazy heat. Death Valley holds the record for high temperature in the western hemisphere. So in 1913, a temperature of 56.7 °C was recorded here. In the middle of summer average temperature is 47°C and is the driest place in the US.
Dallol, Ethiopia
In Dallol, located in the Afar Basin, Africa plunges to a depth of 116 m below sea level, and the temperature begins to go off scale. Dallol has the highest mean annual temperature in the world, namely 34.4°C. If that's not hot enough for you, then you can visit the Dallol volcano located nearby.
Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok has been named the world's hottest city by the World Meteorological Organization, with an average annual temperature of 28°C. The months from March to May are the hottest, when the air temperature reaches 34°C with 90 percent humidity.
Developments
Scientists have discovered coldest place on earth- in Antarctica, where the temperature drops below -91 degrees Celsius. It is located on the Antarctic mountain range.
The discovery was made by American researchers National Center snow and ice data using satellites and other methods of measuring temperature in Antarctica.
The place where the temperature reaches -91.2 degrees Celsius, located in the mountains fuji dome, the height of which reaches 3.7 km.
At this temperature, the eyes, nose and lungs of a person freeze in a matter of minutes. This is because the temperature is 13 degrees below the point (-78.5 degrees Celsius) at which carbon dioxide turns from gas to dry ice.
The coldest temperature on earth
So far, the record for the lowest air temperature on Earth -89.2 degrees Celsius was recorded in the winter of 1983 at the Vostok research station, also in Antarctica.
However, the researchers say there are probably even colder places, as satellites average the temperature per square kilometer. They also stressed that the lowest temperatures were recorded during clear, dry spells.
Kup ol Fuji or the Valkyrie Dome in Antarctica is the second most high peak and one of the coldest places on Earth on average. The temperature here is almost neverdoes not rise above -30 degrees Celsius even in summer.
The coldest places
However, the leader Russian Antarctic Expedition Vyacheslav Martyanov states that so far too early to talk about temperature record based on satellite data. The AVHRR and MODIS satellite instruments measure the so-called "brightness temperature", which does not fully correlate with the true meteorological conditions, and should be confirmed by observations on land.
In addition, the Russian scientist believes that the 30-year record for the lowest temperature can be broken station "Kunlun", discovered by Chinese scientists in 2009.
It is located in the highest region of Antarctica - the Argus Dome. In winter, this place remains uninhabited, but if there were meteorological station, then perhaps the temperature was registered there lower than at the Vostok station.
The station was opened on February 2, 2009, after the Chinese Antarctic Expedition traveled 1,200 km from sea to land, reaching the most inaccessible area, located at an altitude of 4,093 m above sea level. This is 600 m above the Vostok station, and scientists believe that the temperature here can fall to -102 degrees Celsius.
Pole of Cold
Early this year the Russian village of Oymyakon became the coldest permanently inhabited place on Earth where the average temperature in January reaches -50 degrees Celsius.
The lowest temperature at this so-called "pole of cold" reached -71.2 degrees Celsius. A little over 500 people live in Oymyakon.