Pet collection as a business. Recycling plastic bottles as a business with calculations. Key Issues for Organizing a Plastic Recycling Business

I don’t know about you, but in our city and its environs a year ago there was serious problem- empty plastic bottles, cups, etc. were lying everywhere. I was especially bothered by the fact that everything surrounding forests with picnic areas were essentially turned into plastic trash - it was disgusting to go out into nature.

When I got really tired, I rummaged through the directory and found the Plastic enterprise in the region. I called and asked if they needed recycled plastic. "Necessary" - they answer. “Then why don’t you collect the plastic that lies under your feet?” “Here you collect, deliver - we will buy,” they answered there as if in jest.

Well, I go to the housing office, I negotiate with the boss (for whom, as it turned out, garbage in the form of plastic scattered everywhere was a terrible meningitis and constant “sticking from above”), he gives the master and the material. We cook the cage: the frame is a square, the walls are a thin steel wire. on top - the same wire, but with larger cells - bottles are thrown there, etc. We paint the cage and put it near the trash can in the "passing" place near the school. For starters, we throw a couple there plastic bottles.

I come in the evening ... In general, the effect exceeded all expectations. Not only is the cage-container 2 m high filled to the top, but there are also a lot of bottles around (as it turned out later, the younger students played “basketball” and cleaned all the neighborhoods of the school, especially the sports ground!). When the Zhekovets saw this, he almost fell.

The very next day, he reported about this "phenomenon" at the City Council, where on the same day they gave the "green light" to a new line of business. Now, plastic containers are placed near all the trash cans. They are filled on average in a week, and in crowded places - in 2-3 days. The city has become much cleaner. Now it's the neighborhood's turn.

The essence of the phenomenon, in my opinion, is this. Initially, the cells were "transparent". But when there were a lot of cells, the problem of loading the content appeared. So that this process does not take away extra time, synthetic bags began to be inserted into the cages. So. Cells with bags were filled very weakly, and the next standing "transparent" - very quickly. When this pattern was noticed, the bags were removed. That is, people see an empty space and subconsciously try to fill it - apparently, this gives them some kind of inner satisfaction.

Another problem is how to export this “good”? It is light, but oh-oh-very voluminous! The solution is simple - a container receiver with a thermal press is installed on an ordinary bead. Now one bead for the whole city is enough - a full container is recycled to a small cube in 5-6 minutes. just in time for the bus to reach the next trash can.

Such is the idea - purity and money at the same time. Of course, the idea is not home business, but even one enterprising person is able to cover a city where this has not yet been implemented. I note that in our city this person turned out to be not me - the idea was "intercepted", but I do not regret it - it became cleaner around.

N.F. I rummaged through the Internet, found information that large processors plastic containers can buy it at a price of 1-10 rubles per kilogram (depending on color and purity) - uni-pet.ru/pokupka_othodov_pet.

Here is another useful link for those who are going to organize a similar business in Russia - greenmob.ru/ideas/169 (there, in the discussion of the topic "Purchase of recyclable materials, the coordinates of processing plants in Moscow are given, and a Map for receiving recycling points in some Russian cities-greenmob.ru/services/maps?city=4400).

It is extremely pleasant to do a profitable but useful activity for society, but not every idea can be put on stream. A great option for making money is the recycling of plastic bottles as a business: the pros, profitability of such a project and tips on organizing your own business for a beginner. We will try to consider this direction more.

Let's analyze

Around the world, there is now an emphasis on improving living conditions. ordinary person and the protection of the health of nature, and the business of recycling plastic bottles fits perfectly into this concept.

In Russia this idea not yet developed very much, therefore you can become one of the first, and therefore the most successful entrepreneurs in this area, even if you are a beginner. Undoubtedly, a business has its advantages and disadvantages, let's consider the latter in more detail:

This direction, as already mentioned, is almost not developed. Entrepreneurs know how difficult and time-consuming it is to obtain the documents necessary for work, and the legislation regulates such activities poorly. It is the difficulty in obtaining papers and permits that can make it difficult and slow down the opening of a business in this area.
Despite the large amount of suitable raw materials around, it is rather difficult to obtain it consistently at first. In order to constantly produce a product, it is important to establish a clear process for the receipt of raw materials from organizations or individuals.
In such a case, much depends on the employees hired by the enterprise, more precisely, on the cohesion of their work. The matter requires a clear understanding of the organization of the project from the leader and the establishment of a special system of motivation for each employee.
In addition to the shortcomings, it is worth focusing on the advantages of the project, because they are significant enough to decide on such a business:
The profitability of a plastic recycling project is about 25%, which many popular business ideas fail to achieve;
At the same time, the relationship as ordinary people, and companies are extremely loyal to such projects. People are ready to support an organization working for their benefit, and organizations can become sponsors or stable suppliers of raw materials in order to gain a positive reputation as an environmentalist;
Interestingly, such projects for the disposal and recycling of waste also have a high chance of receiving material support from the state.

Who is this business for?

When organizing a plastic bottle recycling business, consider which organizations and companies you will work for and to whom you will sell the finished product. First of all, you should know that the end product of the activity will be flex - flakes for the production of chemical fiber. From such flakes, other enterprises often produce the following:

tiles for houses;
transparent or colored film;
packing briquettes;
pavement materials, etc.

Most often, raw materials are needed for enterprises that produce household and industrial use. It is worth noting that from already recycled materials after their use also comes out excellent raw materials for next processing.

Download free ready as a sample.

We prepare the necessary documents

To create any business, you need to choose a form of organization, and it is worth proceeding from the scale and goals of the activity. Your project, most likely, in the early stages will not be too big, but it will require the possibility of cooperation with other companies directly.

That is why a novice entrepreneur should register an enterprise as an LLC by choosing a simplified tax system. By the way, regarding the taxation system, you should think seriously, evaluating financial opportunities business. The collection and execution of documentation will require quite a lot of time and entry fees, but it will pay off well in the future.

Also, one should not forget about the need to indicate the OKVED code. As the main activity, it is better to choose code 37.20 - "Processing of non-metal waste and scrap", which allows you to work with plastics.

Choosing a platform for work

To open own enterprise, you will have to find a site suitable for its activities. Undoubtedly, the premises for the workshop will have to be rented, and it is better to find a good option outside the city or on its outskirts, where the rent will be minimal.

Also remember that you should bring a minimum of inconvenience to the citizens, so the establishment of the enterprise must be agreed with the city administration, and the site itself should be located as far as possible from residential premises.

Do not forget about the requirements that official authorities like SES and fire service put forward to processing enterprises: minimum area from 3000 square meters, the availability of water supply, sewerage and stable electricity, as well as a good ventilation system.

In addition, it is necessary that the premises be divided into four main zones: a warehouse for raw materials, a warehouse finished products, work shop and staff rooms. Later, you will need to obtain official permits for the selected premises.

We organize the sources of obtaining material

Obviously, the processing of plastic bottles as a business needs a constant supply of raw materials for production, and, as already mentioned, not everyone is able to organize it stably.

It should be noted right away that an excellent option would be to organize a sufficiently large warehouse of material in order to receive raw materials in separate waves at first, to spend the received rationally. In general, used plastic bottles can be obtained in different ways:

By signing a formal agreement with a large landfill.
By organizing a reception plastic waste at his home, and then in other places, paying small amounts to the dealers.
Having arranged independently urns for collecting exclusively plastic waste or even just plastic bottles throughout the area, and later the city.

It is worth remembering that each of these methods has its drawbacks. For example, in garbage bins designed for plastic, unsuitable waste will absolutely always get in. This is due to the low literacy of the population regarding the issue of ecology and nature safety, as well as the personal attitude of many citizens to this matter.

In addition, considerable expenses will be required for the creation and installation of such waste bins, as well as time for coordination with the city administration.

Regarding landfills, in many ways, almost all of them will already be divided up by various organizations interested in this, so it will be quite difficult to establish cooperation for obtaining plastic. There are also problems with collection points, because for their installation it is necessary to rent a separate room, as well as have the money to buy raw materials. In addition, collection points will have to be advertised separately.

We buy the necessary equipment

To organize this kind of business, you will need to purchase real special equipment, the installation of which, by the way, will also have to spend money. Often, entrepreneurs buy the entire line, consisting of the necessary equipment. Often this includes:

conveyor belt;
rotary machine;
crusher of plastic bottles;
screw conveyor;
steam boiler;
polishing machine;
dryer for water separation;
air dryer;
storage containers.

Buying such equipment as a whole is really quite expensive, so you can try to find a good and high-quality option that was previously in use. Remember that this is quite dangerous, because in this case you do not receive a warranty and free service for the maintenance of your equipment.

Be sure to check the reputation of the seller and evaluate the documentation provided for the product. In addition, when buying equipment officially, ask about the availability service centers.

Processing technology

When organizing a business plan, it is worth understanding how plastic bottles are processed in stages. The owner of the enterprise is obliged to control the progress of work, and therefore it is important to go into details. The processing steps are as follows:

PET collection.
Sorting of material into colored and uncolored groups with further analysis by class.
Handmade to remove excess material (rubber, paper, etc.).
Pressing plastic bottles.
Processing of raw materials with cleaning, grinding, washing and drying.
Getting the finished flex.

It is necessary to store the received material in a special bunker in the warehouse.

Setting up sales of products

Earlier, we analyzed what is made from the resulting material, but now it is worth determining how to establish its stable implementation. Flex is most needed various enterprises and factories that manufacture plastic products.

Such enterprises are quite in need of suppliers of raw materials, because it is too expensive to produce it on their own. In addition, in order to successfully sell products, you need to make sure that there really are enterprises in your area that are ready to purchase flex. Otherwise, you will have to hire a driver with your own truck or purchase transport yourself for long-distance transportation.

By the way, there is a possibility of cooperation directly with the largest companies working exclusively on flex. Having entered into such cooperation, you can get really stable profits.

Video: recycling plastic bottles.

We calculate profitability

To assess how profitable a PET recycling and disposal project is, it is worth analyzing the cost-benefit ratio. In this case, we will consider a small plastic bottle recycling facility with a production capacity of 1500 kg of flex per hour. The expense table looks like in the following way:

	*Expense Line*	*Amount of expenses, thousand rubles*
1	Rent for the first two months	100
2	Purchase and installation of equipment line	900
3	Installation of lighting and ventilation systems	80
4	Purchase of raw materials for processing	50
5	Paperwork	50
6	Transport costs	300
7	Public utilities	30
8	Wage	400
9	Sales taxes	300
10	Unexpected expenses	50
	Total:	2 310

On average, per shift, processing a ton of material, the company will be able to produce about 1.5 tons of plastic flex. One kilo of the finished product on the market costs about 30 rubles, which allows you to receive an income of about 50 thousand rubles a day, and every month - an average of 1 million 250 thousand rubles.

It is quite obvious that monthly expenses should also be deducted from this amount: the net profit for the month will be 400 thousand rubles.

Basically, the full payback of the project comes in about 6-12 months, but it all depends on various factors. Naturally, in different regions the amounts of costs and profits differ quite a lot, besides, do not forget that not all companies have successful implementation.

In order to recoup production, it is worth, having recouped the starting costs, to begin to gradually expand. This will increase the profitability of the enterprise and its influence. If there is a material opportunity to expand the enterprise earlier, then it is worth using it.

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Due to its versatility, low cost and durability, plastic has found its application in all spheres of life. Today, plastic is the most common man-made material on the planet. He is also the first in the list of garbage. The amount of plastic waste on the planet is reaching epidemic proportions. Many scientists, inventors and entrepreneurs began to pay attention to this problem.

Industrial machines for recycling (recycling) plastic, as a rule, are very expensive and quite complex in design. And, let's face it, on an industrial scale, plastic recycling does not pay off. Because the production cycle raw material - plastic product"much shorter and cheaper than -" garbage - sorting - plastic product - recycling - cleaning - raw materials - plastic product". That is why not all cities in the world have factories for processing plastic waste. And their mass appearance is not expected in the near future.

It turns out that the niche plastic recycling at home open. And waiting for those who monetize it from any side. BUT common man don't need much. After all, the beauty of this niche is that junk plastic, in fact - garbage, lies under everyone's feet and is not needed by anyone. That is, excellent and durable material - for free! It remains to pick up, recycle, in one form or another, and reuse. And if you don't like the result, recycle it again!

Project " Precious Plastic» helps all consumers to give plastic waste new life. He invites everyone to process plastic on their own using household machines, the drawings of which are freely distributed on the Internet.

This project, developed by the Dutch designer Dave Hakkens, shows what can be done to help stop the "plastic plague" in the environment.

Dave, preoccupied with the problem of plastic waste, found on the Internet drawings of several devices that allow you to somehow recycle plastic at home. Having collected the first samples, improved them, developed a modular concept for future devices, Hakkens created international project « Precious Plastic". In which he invites everyone to assemble and use four simple but effective plastic recycling machines.

The use of devices allows you to extend the life of various plastic household items by simply processing them into others. Unnecessary to necessary. Dishes, artificial rattan, various interior elements - this is a small list of items that can be made from household plastic waste using these machines.

Four devices, depending on the type and quality of plastic, allow you to process it in different ways:

shredder or grinder - a device for grinding plastic waste into crumbs for further processing - heating;
extruder or squeezer - a device that squeezes out a heated plastic mass in the form of a bundle or tape. That is, it turns out an artificial rattan or a consumable for a 3D printer.
Injector or an injector - heats the polymer crumb to a plastic mass and injects it into the desired shape;
Press- plastic crumb under the influence of pressure and high temperature is pressed into various new objects.

The most amazing part of the project Precious Plastic» what are unique cars distributed free of charge. More precisely, the drawings of the device and instructions for assembling them are available to everyone (there will be video instructions below). It remains only to assemble the cars and start making money on them.

How to make money recycling plastic at home? Recycling plastics and polymers at home!

First of all. Recycling waste plastic into the right plastic products and selling them as unique handmade items. This is the simplest and most affordable solution.

Secondly. Entire creative labs and co-working spaces are being opened on the basis of Hackens machines. Where anyone can come with their plastic waste, pay money, and work on the machines.

Thirdly. Assistance in the assembly and implementation of devices. Not everyone can master device drawings. And, even more so, to collect them. But, they are ready to buy assembled similar machines. Why not take advantage of this? Moreover, ready-made devices are quite expensive. Assembly, with everything you need, will take no more than a month for any handy man in the garage.

Fourth. You definitely have your own ideas!

Video number 1: how to assemble a shredder for shredding plastic

Video number 2: how to assemble an extruder for plastic recycling

Video number 3: how to assemble an injector for plastic recycling

Video number 4: how to assemble a plastic recycling press

So, having studied the video, you can start assembling devices. For more convenient work, we suggest that you study the drawings on the official website of the project. In English.

If the devices are too complicated, you can look at an easy way to recycle plastic bottles at home.

Bonus: the simplest device for cutting plastic bottles

Appeared on Kickstarter new project « plastic bottle cutter which empowers consumers to reuse plastic bottles.

The simplest device (and you will see this by seeing the photo below) allows you to turn an ordinary plastic bottle into a plastic thread of various thicknesses that you can use at your discretion.

From this thread you can weave various objects - from small baskets to elegant furniture elements.

In general, single-use plastic bottles are a valuable resource due to the fact that plastic is used in their manufacture. highest quality. But, this advantage is not taken into account by most people and the bottles are simply thrown away. The rate of bottle throwing is increasing every day. Thus, the problem of effective reuse and recycling of these materials is simply necessary and mandatory. This will reduce the scale of environmental pollution.

Recycling plastic bottles is a business that pursues not only economic benefits. Most entrepreneurs see this as a manifestation of social responsibility. Make profitable environmental project possibly.

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Process technology for recycling plastic bottles

To date, there are two main processing technologies:

production of PET granules for the production of polymer products;
production of recycled PET.

Stages of recycling plastic bottles:

collection;
sorting;
washing;
granulation.

Collection Sorting Washing Granulation

Collection of raw materials

Collection methods:

creation of mobile or stationary reception points;
arrangement of supply with landfills;
installation of special tanks or machines.

During the collection phase, significant transport costs may be required. The plastic is light but bulky. To reduce the size and reduce the cost of transportation, it is recommended to purchase a mobile press.

It may seem that organizing the collection of raw materials is the easiest step. However, it is not. Often, recyclables in landfills are shared by existing companies. A direct collection from the population involves the cost of advertising and purchase.

To install tanks separate collection garbage will need permission from the administration and already prepared urban infrastructure. If you install a container only for collecting plastic, it is necessary to conduct educational work with residents. Separate storage and disposal of garbage in our country is poorly developed and you need to be prepared for the fact that everything will be in a special container.

Points of live reception from the population are beneficial in that primary raw materials are rented according to requirements. For example, bottles can be taken immediately without caps and rings. They are made from a different type of plastic and are recycled separately.

One of the most profitable ways to collect is the delivery of recyclables in school institutions, similar to the type of waste paper in the USSR. This will require an additional agreement with the management and the cost of encouraging schoolchildren. But in the end, it can provide good volumes and, if properly informed about the requirements for raw materials, will eliminate additional sorting.

At the collection stage, it should be noted that the bottles are less recyclable:

Red;
from under the oil;
from dairy products;
packaging from household chemicals.

Sorting

Sorting is the most time-consuming process. It can be carried out both automatically and manually.

If computer sorting is established in the production, then after placing it in the drum and separating the raw materials from dirt and metals, it is the system that determines the color and sorts the plastic into bins.

Plastic sorted by colors:

natural;
blue;
brown;
green.

After recycling, the color of the plastic remains the same. Therefore, recycled material is valued by packaging manufacturers. Colored finished raw materials save them from additional costs for dyes.

Brown plastic raw material is the highest quality but cheap. It cannot be repainted. Next comes the green and blue flex. Transparent is the most expensive.

Washing

Sorted bottles must be thoroughly cleaned of labels, content residues and dirt. Processing is carried out hot water with caustic soda. Before washing, if this is not done in advance, plugs and rings are preliminarily removed.

Then the pure raw material is crushed and granulated.

Granulation

Purified PET in special crushers becomes flex.

Flex is multi-colored plastic flakes 12-20 mm in size, obtained as a result of recycling polyethylene terephthalate.

After washing, the flex is thoroughly dried in a centrifuge and dryer.

warms up to 280 degrees;
stretched into fibers;
cut into uniform granules.

Then the plastic is sent to a special room, where, under the influence of nitrogen and temperature, it becomes cloudy and gains the necessary mass and viscosity.

Granular plastic is used to produce packaging, building materials, clothing. It takes 20 PET bottles to make 1 polyester t-shirt.

Business Relevance

Business relevance is determined by two indicators:

economic;
ecological.

According to research, it takes 200 years for an ordinary plastic bottle to decompose. According to the statistics of the UN Committee, millions of animals and birds die every year on Earth due to plastic waste. Billions of tons of garbage are dumped into the world's oceans, as a result of which an entire island has formed, several times the size of the United States.

Therefore, recycling is not only a profitable business, but also an opportunity to improve the ecology of the planet.

The economic relevance of the plastic bottle recycling business in Russia is explained by the following indicators:

The activity is relatively new. There is relatively little competition.
There is no shortage of raw materials. A significant part of beverage packaging is plastic bottles.
stable demand. The flex obtained during processing is used in the production of disposable plastic tableware, containers, films and other.

Recycled PET granulate is widely demanded in production.

It is made from:

plastic bottles;
thick film;
fabrics for the textile industry;
building materials: tiles and paving slabs;
components for the automotive industry (engine covers, panels, bumpers, doors).

In addition, the same material can be recycled more than once.

Description and analysis of the market

More than 3 billion tons of waste is produced in the world every year various materials. About 20% of them are plastic. In our country, about 25 kg of waste per person per year. Mainly polyethylene and polypropylene are recycled.

The annual volume of plastic waste generation in Russia is about 40 million tons. 35% of them can become recyclable.

The main obstacle to the organization of full recycling of waste is the lack of a system and resources for separate collection, established at the legislative level. Few decide to dispose and collect waste separately.

Despite the difficulties, the industry in Russia tends to develop.

Development indicators:

the number of companies producing raw materials from used plastics is increasing;
profitability grows;
the cost of primary raw materials increases;
Gradually, the state adopts laws and preferential niches attractive to entrepreneurs.

According to Research. Techart, the domestic recycling market is estimated at $1.5-2 billion. At the same time, the Russian market is technologically undeveloped.

This is evidenced by the statistics:

almost 97% off total waste is in landfills;
only about 2% of MSW is burned;
Only 3% of waste is recycled industrially.

Advantages and disadvantages

The idea of recycling plastic waste is becoming significant and economically attractive, but it has both pros and cons.

pros	Minuses
Socially significant business	Insufficient elaboration of the regulatory and legal framework for activities
Availability of versatile international experience activities of enterprises in this industry	Limited raw materials in some regions of the country
Availability of development of standard design documentation	Low level of organization of separate waste collection
Activities of public environmental organizations that support the creation of processing enterprises	Weak development of the industry in the country
Development of special environmental programs to support entrepreneurs in this area at the local and regional levels	—

Sales channels

To get a decent profitability, it is necessary to think over distribution channels in advance.

They can become:

Sale of material to similar enterprises with a more complete work cycle.
Sale of material to companies specializing in the production of flex fibers. There are few such enterprises in Russia, their volumes are very large and they are interested in partnership.
Foreign firms.

Competitive advantages

If there is already a large enterprise in the territory in which the technology is established, collecting and marketing raw materials can be a daunting task.

Main competitive advantages:

good location;
well-established collection of raw materials;
competent sales policy, including with the participation of foreign partners;
Availability of modern equipment and process automation.

Advertising campaign

Enterprise promotion can have 2 goals:

setting up the collection of raw materials;
sales promotion.

To organize the collection of raw materials with tools advertising campaign I can be:

outdoor advertising in residential areas where it is planned to organize stationary or mobile collection points;
audio advertising at bus stops;
ads in educational institutions to attract the attention of students;
placement of ads near city dumps.

To establish sales, it is necessary to focus on large enterprises and legal entities.

Promotion may include:

company website development;
ads in local printed publications, interview with the head;
email distribution;
specialized promotion in foreign online markets.

Step-by-step instructions for opening

The step-by-step instruction for opening consists of the following steps:

Analysis of the local market.
Gathering and obtaining the necessary consultations, search for business representatives from related industries.
Development detailed business plan with calculations.
Determining the possibility of obtaining subsidies and grants.
Registration of activities in government bodies.
Room selection.
Purchase of equipment and supplies.
Carrying out all communications and installation of the production line.
Staff recruitment and training.
Search and attraction of partners, adjustment of sales policy.
Conducting an advertising campaign.
The start of the enterprise.

Documentation

To register an enterprise with state bodies, the organizational and legal form of an LLC is required.

This will allow:

conclude contracts for the supply of products abroad;
conduct cooperation with legal entities.

This type of activity is licensed in accordance with the operation of Law No. 458-FZ.
You will need to obtain permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station.

room

For the functioning of the enterprise, a warehouse or production room with a total area of at least 200 sq. m, with a ceiling height of 5 m.

Communications must be connected to the premises:

electricity;
water supply;
sewerage.

The following zones are organized on the site:

office;
warehouse for finished products and raw materials;
premises with production equipment;
sanitary rooms;
additional warehouses.

The site must be away from residential areas. The location near the landfills is considered successful for reducing transport costs. A parking lot is equipped on the territory of the enterprise, as well as the entrance is organized in a special way.

In regions with developed state support you need to find out about the possibility of obtaining a lease of premises on preferential terms.

Equipment and inventory

Availability of equipment depends on the amount of initial investment. Technological processing line consists of certain aggregates.

Name	Quantity	price, rub.
Band conveyer	3	330000
rotary machine	1	180000
Screw conveyor with Archimedean screw	2	500000
Bottle cap and label removal machine	1	180000
Crusher	1	380000
Boiler	1	250000
Screw	1	150000
washing machine	1	360000
rinse machine	1	340000
Dryer-water separator (centrifuge)	1	290000
Air drying equipment (pneumatic dryer)	1	350000
flotation baths	5	750000
Hopper storage	1	430000

Optional equipment:

wastewater neutralization station;
supply and exhaust ventilation.

Judging by the feedback from entrepreneurs, a profitable option is to purchase a set of lines and processing with installation and turnkey installation.

The video shows the operation of the PET bottle recycling line. Filmed by Universal Company.

Staff

The enterprise, which provides for a full cycle of processing, consists of 15 employees.

Job title (specialty)	Number of full-time employees	Monthly salary	payroll per month
Director
Pickers-sorters
maintenance workers production line for plastic recycling

Accounting at the initial stage can be handled by a director or an employee on attraction.

Financial plan

Planning financial indicators built on the basis of the following data.

How much does it cost to start recycling plastic bottles?

To determine the cost of the initial investment, all major cost items should be taken into account.

Article	Decryption	Cost, rub.
Production Line full cycle complete	5 000 000	Production capacity about 700 kg/h
Registration of an enterprise, obtaining licenses and permits	60000
Hiring	280000	15 people
Advertising campaign	20000	Print advertising and the Internet
Premises for rent with a deposit	80000	with a 2 month deposit
Purchase of transport	1280000	Freight transport
Total	6 720 000

Recurring costs

Recurring project costs.

Expenditure	Prices, rub.
Wage

Rent
Equipment depreciation
Payment for accounting services
Purchase of raw materials
Communal payments
Electricity payment

Other variable consumption

Income

It is very important to build a competent marketing policy and find wholesale buyers of products. So the equipment will not be idle, and it will be possible to recoup the costs and earn money in the shortest possible time.

income that can be earned.

Calendar plan

Planning for the launch of production should begin with the preparation of a calendar plan.

Stage / month, decade	2 months
Company registration
Registration with tax authorities, obtaining licenses and permits
Signing a rental agreement
Purchase of equipment
Renovation of premises
Search for contractors and execution of contracts	+
Installation and adjustment of the production line	+
Conclusion of contracts with consumers of final products (flex)	+
Recruitment
	+	+
Enterprise launch

Risks and payback

Taking into account the performance of the equipment and the initial investment, the payback period for the business is 13 months.

For a complete picture of the future activities of the enterprise, the risks should be taken into account:

fluctuations in the cost of the final raw material;
decrease in enterprise productivity;
legislative changes;
interruptions in the supply of raw materials;
dependence on the quality of work of low-skilled personnel.

Video

Recycling plastic bottles as a business at home, do-it-yourself equipment is of interest to many due to the availability of raw materials. You can only use material that has the appropriate symbol. This is an image of a triangle made up of three arrows. Inside the triangle, the marking of the specific plastic from which the product is made is placed. For recycling, only such plastic is selected, which, when heated, does not emit harmful substances to health.

In some cases, when strips are made from plastic bottles for the subsequent production of wicker products, bottles from any type of plastic can be used.

An interesting recyclable material is bottles made from HDPE, a high-density polyethylene. Plastic is made from petroleum products, it is easily chipped, resistant to alkalis and acids. The scope of manufacturing from such material is very extensive. Tanks for storing motor oils, water, bearings, and various handles were created from it.

Do not use plastics with a different label for recycling at home - when melted, they can release harmful substances or simply ruin the composition.

General principles for recycling plastic containers at home

Plastic becomes plastic at a temperature of 180 ° C, so it can be used for recycling at home. Previously, the plastic is crushed, and then the resulting mass is heated. It is sometimes advised to heat the plastic at home, as it is sometimes advised - in the oven, to a state like a liquid it is impossible, it becomes simply plastic, therefore any product can be easily formed from the heated mass of crushed plastic in the appropriate form, but there will be cavities in the craft.

Modern equipment for small business

Russian-language sites traditionally describe the processes of processing plastic bottles on domestic equipment, which requires more than two hundred square meters to accommodate and about six hundred thousand rubles to purchase. Along with this, today there are a lot of equipment, small in size and very cheap in terms of production cost, for processing plastic bottles at home.

Such equipment does not require a lot of space for placement, it is easy to rebuild it to change the products produced, to do it yourself. Naturally, it will not make it possible to earn millions every month, but it will make a start-up for the processing of plastic raw materials accessible to almost everyone and will serve as a foundation further development similar business.

A complete plastic bottle recycling line includes:

shredder;
agglomerator;
extruder.

Such a set of units will ensure the complete processing of plastic bottles.

shredder

This unit is designed for grinding plastic products. The resulting small plates of plastic are called flex. Industrially manufactured devices are quite expensive.

For example, the simplest AMD-200D crusher, which processes about fifty kilograms of feedstock per hour, will cost about one hundred and thirty-five thousand rubles. And to make such a unit with your own hands will not be much work.

Those interested will benefit from drawings:

If conditions permit and it is possible to place a bath for washing the resulting flex, a centrifuge for drying in the room, it can be limited to its production. Today, according to Flagma, such material is sold from thirty-five to forty-nine rubles per kilogram, and bought - from twenty to thirty-five rubles per kilogram.

Agglomerator

This unit is intended for sintering flex. The cost of the cheapest industrial designs is about two hundred thousand rubles. Therefore, it is not surprising that craftsmen make such units on their own. Of course, it is impossible to make such a unit from scratch without milling and turning. However, you can use the drawing and ask friends working at the factory to make the necessary parts.

Many organizers of the recycling of plastic bottles in garages and other utility rooms outside the attention of government agencies that monitor compliance with sanitary environmental standards use existing electric furnaces as the working chamber of the agglomerator, since the flex begins to sinter at temperatures ranging from 180˚C. Dave Hackens' agglomerators are the most popular.

extruder

This unit is a device for obtaining finished products or granules used for subsequent processing. The screws feed the flakes into the chamber, where they are heated and become plastic, up to liquefaction. Passing through the filter, the plastic is cleaned and, after passing through the extruder, it takes the form of threads. These threads can be used for various products, or cut and sold.

Dave Hakkens offers homemade extruders that are combined with a press and allow you to get any product that fits the shape. In the unit, the flex is heated to almost liquid state and screws under pressure is fed into the mold.

What can be made from PET bottles

For people with creative imagination, plastic bottles are an inexhaustible material for inspiration.

You can also make strong ropes from plastic bottles. To do this, you need a "bottle cutter". Craftsmen make this simple device from a blade, a few washers, mounted on a wooden base.

When assembled, the bottle cutter looks like this.

Spools that are wound with threads obtained from PET bottles can also be made from bottle necks. First, cut off the necks of two bottles and the tops of two caps. Cropped caps are fixed on the rod, on which the cut necks are then wound, holes are made in the necks with a red-hot carnation, through which the beginning of the thread is passed and, having tied a knot, fix it.

The resulting tapes can be used not only for the manufacture of ropes, but also to make tubes from them. To do this, a strip cut from a plastic bottle is passed through a hole of the diameter required for the tube and heated, they begin to be pulled through it. The principle of operation is clear from the photo.

It is quite possible that such a mini-business is suitable for someone, requiring only a bottle cutter with coils and premises, such as making brooms and brooms from plastic tapes. How such products are made can be easily understood from the picture.

Perhaps, to many, the bottle ribbon business will seem very small, not worthy of attention. However, in India it is a serious business. Several vertically placed bottle cutters are used, the cut strips are wound on reels that rotate from a mechanical drive. One worker sets the bottles on the bottle cutters and ties the resulting strips, the second worker controls the speed of rotation of the coils, on which the strips are wound, from which ropes are subsequently made.

Lately in southern countries Tiles made from PET bottles are becoming increasingly popular. The molten flex is mixed with mineral filler (sand fines) and filled into molds through an extruder. In countries former USSR such a business is just beginning, so the field for the activities of craftsmen is quite wide.

Paving slabs, chain-link mesh, greenhouse walls and much, much more are also made from plastic bottles.

But, so that an entrepreneur does not decide to make such recycled materials - success, as in any business, will depend on the literacy of drawing up a business plan. Such a document will not only streamline knowledge, build a system of actions, but can be useful if you need to attract investment money.

Principles of writing a business plan

Like any other business plan for the organization and operation of an enterprise aimed at processing plastic bottles, other plastic products are drawn up in accordance with the requirements for such documents by the considering specialists. This must be taken into account, because the business plan is prepared not so much for oneself, but for those who, on its basis, will allocate the money needed to turn the idea into practice. Financial professionals are the most picky. If they themselves do not know something thoroughly, they will definitely turn to specialists to obtain an assessment of the proposed document. Therefore, the created document should correspond as much as possible to accepted norms, because, as they say, they meet by clothes.

Before writing, you need to clearly understand for yourself that a business plan, in fact, is just a written explanation of the proposed project, the amounts necessary for its implementation, as well as the optimal implementation timeframe. Such an approach to the matter will immediately clarify what is the main thing in it and what is secondary, what needs to be emphasized, and what should be moved to the background.

Information about the project of the future enterprise is divided into several sections:

Section I Title page. Preamble information about the name of the enterprise, its form of ownership and address is placed here, the name of the proposed project is placed, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses are placed. The date of preparation of the document is indicated and information is provided on the need to calculate cash costs and profits, which are included in the document or placed in a separate application.
Section II. This copyright section is often referred to as the "Privacy Statement". It sets out data on the authors of the business plan materials and their rights, obligations not to disclose the information received without the author's consent, as well as obligations to return the business plan after reading it if the decision on it is not positive.
Section III. This section is often referred to as the "Summary". This section summarizes the entire business plan and outlines the essence of the project. This section is recommended to be created after writing the entire business plan and arrange the information following the following structure:

project description;
availability of resources;
ways and means of implementation;
the answer to the question - what is the uniqueness of the project;
required investment amount;
projected profit;
ways to return money to investors;
the effectiveness of the proposed project.

Section IV. Objective of the project. This section describes the intended purpose of the proposed business, describes the services or goods supplied to the market, and indicates the benefits that customers will receive. For this, the advantages of the products produced are described in detail. If there is their uniqueness - this moment should be written as carefully and extensively as possible. If used Newest technologies- you need to specify how copyright will be implemented.
Section V Market analysis in the area of the proposed business. Here are the results marketing research regarding the products offered, as well as analyzes the activities of competitors. If, when writing a business plan, there is no uniqueness of the proposed business in a given region, the emphasis is on reducing costs through the use of new technologies, reducing energy costs, personnel, and so on. Be sure to take into account that today there are practically no areas that are no longer covered by business, therefore, having found competitors, you need to justify how the proposed business is more attractive.
Section VI. Position of the created enterprise in the industry. It describes the main characteristics of the enterprise and, based on their analysis, marks the place of the planned production or trade in the existing industry. The preferred form of ownership of the enterprise and what costs will have to be incurred to create it are indicated. The section also contains information about:

company address;
the type of premises required, indicating whether it already exists or needs to be purchased, whether it is necessary to make repairs or not;
economic indicators work;
temporal characteristics of the specifics of production activities.

If the business is planned to start from scratch, the prospective management has or does not have experience in this area. The lack of managerial experience in the proposed area is a very negative characteristic, as a rule, it initiates the refusal of third-party investors.

Section VII. Product description. The section is created after the analysis of the existing market. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is made about the advantages of the proposed product and the competitiveness of the company. This section must contain or be accompanied by product samples or their photos, a description of technical characteristics. If several units of the product are produced, each of them is described in detail. Structurally, the section is divided into several subsections:

the name of the product, as well as its description;
purpose and areas of use;
specifications
competitive advantages;
the presence or absence of copyright;
environmental friendliness of the product or its absence;
quality certificates;
service and operation.

Section VIII. Sales of products. The section contains marketing plan realization of the produced product. Such a plan should include:

models of behavior in the market;
a reasoned explanation of the quantity of the purchased product by customers;
describes the methods used to influence demand;
describes the methodology for calculating prices;
provides information on how to sell;
the legal status of the main consumer is indicated.

Any material on organizing a business includes a governing advice - find a consumer. That's what the marketing plan is for. This structural unit is under close scrutiny, so it must be specified in detail:

what criteria for evaluating the product from the point of view of the consumer were studied when writing a business plan;
what place in the supply chain is occupied by the customer to whom the goods are supplied.

This section is based on the characteristics by which the product is evaluated not by the manufacturer, but by the consumer. It is highly desirable to analyze the evaluation of a similar product by competitors' consumers and, based on this information, justify the attractiveness of your own product. This section also includes the logistics concept - how and to whom the goods are delivered, who is responsible for sending them. A strategy for conducting advertising campaigns is given. Prices and sales volumes are indicated by time periods. Payback periods and profitability are calculated.

Section IX. Production plan. The material of the section requires close attention and elaboration, especially in cases of planning to open a company from scratch. The section describes and analyzes in detail the production chains of the product, considers the premises and the equipment located in it, its location, ways of transporting the source material, parts, finished products, and so on. Not only an exhaustive description of production is given, but also the control over its processes, it is indicated what moments will be entrusted to subcontractors, the reasons for their choice are indicated. This section describes all production costs, and also calculates the cost of the product, provides an estimate of costs, specifies variables and fixed costs. Information is arranged following a specific structure:

production structure;
technology used;
what premises are needed;
the need for staff;
raw materials;
equipment characteristics;
production capacity;
cost estimate;
selection of subcontractors;
cost analysis.

Section X. Organizational plan. This section describes organizational matters, normative documents are laid out and it is described how they will be implemented.
Section XI. financial planning. Here you will find information about the required financial investments and their spending. It also sets out the timing of financial movements, the timing of the stages, finances are determined for working capital. It also indicates if there is a need to attract loans and how they will be returned. In this section, the conclusion of the above is an analysis of the effectiveness of the company and its work. Structurally, it looks like this:

received profit;
tax payment structures;
the need for investment;
loan servicing;
description of the effectiveness of the project

Section XII. Risk analysis. The section contains information about the difficulties that may impede the implementation of the project. This includes difficulties provoked by legislation, weather, competitors, and so on. The more complete the list, indicating ways to solve difficulties, the higher the assessment of the plan as a whole.

The difficulties of doing business include the wrong choice of employees - success does not depend on the degree of acquaintance, but on professionalism.

To assess the degree of risk, the following methods of analysis are used:

statistical method (the basis is the study of named statistics);
analogy method - analysis based on studying the development of similar projects;
expert method, basis of analysis - expert opinion;
modeling - the response to external influence is analyzed.

Also, a description of possible systems for countering risks is carried out, possible guarantees are called - authorities, guarantees for goods, bank guarantees, and so on.

Section XIII. Applications. Documents that are not included in the planning description but are important are collected here, copies of contracts for similar products, data sources, price lists, and so on.