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What do you need to open a poultry farm? Business plan for a small poultry farm

We bring to your attention some tips on creating a mini poultry farm on your site to produce chicken eggs. Recommendations collected from different sources(including forums), from real people engaged in keeping and breeding laying hens.

What does the law say?

Let's start with the legal aspects, since many people are interested in this issue, especially when we're talking about about a large livestock (over 1000 pieces). If you are going to build on your site where your residential building is located, a large poultry house or poultry farm for commercial purposes, then this will already be illegal. There are two reasons and both are interconnected:

According to the law, you must register a business, that is, a peasant farm, and, therefore, transfer the land under the type of permitted use. Where you live, these are settlement lands, they are intended for human habitation. To conduct business, you need to transfer this land to the category of “industrial or agricultural land”, that is, to the commercial category. With all the ensuing consequences;
Even if you transfer the land, you will not be able to run a legitimate business again. The fact is that, according to SanPiN, poultry farms and other agricultural enterprises must be located at a distance of at least 300 meters from the nearest residential buildings. Your house is worth more than one, therefore, there is nothing left to do but work in the form of private household plots, that is, do not register anything. The main thing is that your livestock should be within reasonable limits, otherwise large waste from the life of your farm (including the smell of chicken droppings) will not give a quiet life to your closest neighbors.

Start with sales

The next question is finding distribution channels for products. IN in this case, chicken eggs. Without sales planning, you may not even start a business. It’s one thing when you keep up to 100 heads and receive around 70-80 eggs per day, then you can sell this volume to your friends and relatives. And if the production volume is 10 - 20 times larger, then there are ways to sell the products:

outbound trade from a car, somewhere in passable place cities. It is possible near markets and specially equipped places for trading. The disadvantage of this option is that, in addition to production, you will also have to trade. Although you can hire a person for these purposes;
agree on the supply of eggs to cafes, restaurants and other public catering outlets;
conclude agreements for the supply of eggs to local grocery stores. But only in small outlets. ABOUT chain stores Don’t even dream, you don’t have the right volumes.

To legally sell eggs from private household plots, only one document is required: a certificate from a veterinary laboratory stating that the eggs have been tested and are safe. Such laboratories are often located directly at food markets.

What about the premises?

Now decide on the size of the room for keeping chickens. The number of chickens that you can keep depends on it. Experienced farmers advise sticking to this calculation: 5 heads per 1 sq. m. To maintain a livestock of 1000 pieces, about 200 square meters are needed. m. The main thing is to ensure normal access to the perch, drinking bowls and feeders. We also need nests, based on 3 chickens - one nest.

For 200 sq.m. You can house more chickens (up to 3,000 birds) if you use cellular rather than floor-based housing: cages and tiers (floors). But this option will be a little more expensive at the start: you need to buy cages and equip them. But this method is more effective and convenient.

Many people immediately think about reproducing the herd. That is, about installing an incubator on a farm. Having your own chickens is, of course, good, but you must clearly understand that this requires significant additional financial investments and time. Chicks must be kept in a completely different room. They need their own heating, lighting and feeding regime. To raise 1000 heads, you will only need feed: 7.5 kg x 18 rubles x 1000 = 135,000 rubles. And if you also take into account the costs of heating, lighting, vitamins, supplements, labor, etc., it will come out to about 200 thousand rubles.

By the way, about buying chickens. You need to purchase only proven and good breeds of chickens with egg production from 85 to 95%. The most common breeds: high line, chever, loman brown, leghorn, b-33, Zagorsk salmon.

It is best to feed the bird with chicken feed PK-1. It gives the best ratio: cost of feed and production of eggs. Feed consumption per chicken is 4.5 - 5 kg per month. The price for 1 kg of such feed starts from 6 rubles per kilogram.

Here are some more tips on building a mini-poultry farm from user Konstantinl from the biznet.ru forum:

We calculate income (short business plan for a mini poultry farm)

Initial investment (investment):

construction of a premises of 200 sq. m. + insulation - 700,000 rubles;
purchase of equipment (cages, drinking bowls, etc.) - 150,000 rubles;
purchase of laying hens - 200,000 rubles;
other expenses - 50,000 rubles.

TOTAL: 1,100,000 rubles.

If the premises already exist, the start-up costs will be about 400,000 rubles.

Revenue part:

1000 heads of laying hens, if properly maintained, will produce up to 850 domestic eggs daily. The wholesale price for homemade eggs is about 3 rubles per piece. If you trade yourself, your income will be higher: 5 rubles per piece. It turns out that with 100% sales of all products at retail price, we will receive about 4,250 rubles per day. Accordingly, per month - up to 127,500 rubles.

Expenditure part:

Everything here is very individual. Indicators may differ sharply, depending on the conditions of detention, the cost of feed, the presence or absence of hired work force etc. So we will proceed from the average (per month).

Today, due to the availability of feed, minimal maintenance costs and the use of incubators for fast maturing, poultry breeding is a promising branch of livestock farming. For this reason, many owners of private plots give preference to poultry farming as a business that is quite profitable and easy to organize, as well as profitable in terms of selling products. Even if you have a small plot, you can organize a poultry farm that can generate significant income.

For poultry farming, it is traditional to raise chickens at home. These birds are unpretentious in food. They do not require the construction of special premises, but the arrangement of a poultry house, in which the poultry population will be kept during the cold season, will have to be done at the first stage of organizing a “chicken” business. In the question: “Which chickens are best to breed?” You should focus on the market needs in your region. It depends on what breed of chickens it will be profitable to raise - meat, egg-laying or meat-egg.

In poultry farming, the second most popular breeding is the raising of geese and ducks. This is due to the easy content, especially in summer period, since this type poultry It is easy to get by with pasture in the form of various grains. The main condition for its breeding is the presence of nearby bodies of water and places for grazing. A significant bonus is the speed with which these birds gain weight.

The dietary properties of turkey meat are known to everyone and it is very similar to chicken. Turkeys and guinea fowl are raised for their tasty, high-quality meat and eggs. And although they are not as productive as chickens, their breeding is compensated by high demand. It’s not for nothing that the guinea fowl taste qualities called the royal bird.

Ability quail eggs increase immunity, remove radionuclides from human body make them a valuable and indispensable product in the daily diet. Thanks to the demand for quail products and the high precocity of these small birds, all costs for breeding quails pay off very quickly.

Dishes made from pheasants and pigeons are considered elite cuisine, so raising these birds is of great interest to many amateur poultry farmers who are sensitive to modern tendencies consumer market.

Whatever the choice of bird for breeding, an important point in its rearing is proper organization everyone technological processes. In this case, it is impossible to do without poultry farming equipment. Depending on the scale of your poultry farm, you will need various feeders, drinkers, incubators, devices for heating chicks and cleaning the premises.

Attention! Free business plan, offered for download below, is an example. Business plan, the best way appropriate to the conditions of your business, you need to create it with the help of specialists.

Poultry farm business plan

Even in my early childhood, I really loved going to the village to visit my grandparents. They raised chickens, turkeys and geese. They earned their living by selling eggs and, on special orders from friends or just fellow villagers, bird carcasses.

I absolutely loved helping my grandfather feed the animals and collect eggs! At such moments I felt as if I had been entrusted with a super secret mission.

Time passed, my grandmother and grandfather died long ago, but these memories from childhood did not leave me all my life.

And so, when I crossed the threshold of 30 years, and at work my boss again completely undeservedly reprimanded me regarding the supposedly pulled out of thin air report for last month, which I had been working on for a week, I realized that enough was enough.

Then he slammed the office door for the last time.

I urgently needed to decide something and change my life. But how? Where to go? Where can I find a job that will give me pleasure, but at the same time guarantee me a stable income with which I can feed my rather large family?

There were clearly more questions than answers. On this sad note I went to bed, and when I woke up I realized that all night in my dream I had been walking around my beloved village and feeding my grandfather’s birds.

I decided that my grandfather himself wanted me to continue his business and realized that I wanted to open a poultry farm and nothing more.

It took months of hard work to achieve the result I wanted.

It was necessary to start somewhere.

Remembering the basics of entrepreneurship, which we had studied for half a semester at the university in the first year, I realized that I needed a business plan and, like all normal Russian people, I went looking for it on the Internet for free.

But free, as they say, is just a fig and butter. I got it even without oil. Everything that was on the Runet was outright nonsense. I realized that things wouldn’t work that way and began to look for people who would write it for me for money.

Of course, I found such masters. But the price tag of 40-50 thousand rubles made me smoke almost a pack of cigarettes. I was not ready to pay so much money for such basic work, and a business plan was needed in any case.

And I, like a true man, decided that I would do everything myself. Thank God the head is growing from the right place. I didn’t remember at all how business plans were written, although this was 100% discussed in the same basics of entrepreneurship. Well, no problem.

I found a template on the Internet, paid 350 rubles for it, and didn’t regret it for a minute! Not only did I finally remember at least some of what I was taught at the university, but I also wrote my own business plan, which, as you can see, works, because it was on this basis that I opened my poultry farm.

Don’t be afraid to try to write yourself, there’s nothing super complicated about it. If you have trouble with numbers, ask an economist you know or any student Faculty of Economics, preferably in an older course, and he will write down all the numbers for you. After all, spending 350 rubles instead of 50 thousand is cool!

Is not it so?

Subsistence farming Poultry farming

Some useful information and a brief presentation of the poultry business plan:

Poultry farming business plan for business development

Summary

We present to you a business plan for creating a Poultry Farm.

Project objectives:

Complete satisfaction of the live poultry and fresh egg consumer market;
Creation of a profitable enterprise;
Obtaining a stable, monthly profit.

The project will be financed using a loan issued on a commercial basis in the amount of 1,125,000 rubles at 17.5% per annum, which is the initial cost of the project.
The amount of accrued interest will be equal to 76,650 rubles.
Conditionally pledged life cycle project - 2 years.
The project will begin to pay off approximately 2 months after its launch.
The total expected income for the conditional life cycle will be about 171433602.08 rubles.

Conditions

To open a project such as a poultry farm, several conditions must be met:

Mandatory presence of a water tower;
Electrical substation;
A room for breeding birds, equipped with a variety of cages, feeders, drinking containers, etc.;
A plot of land that will allow the location of all production.

Don't forget that if you plan to supply your products to stores, you need to register as legal entity, otherwise stores will not have the right to cooperate with you.

Types of birds, and the impact of each of them

1. Geese:
a) The approximate weight of a marketable carcass is from 5 to 10 kg.
b) Each goose produces about 600 grams of down, costing $40 per kilogram.
c) Goose sebaceous gland, needed in the production of cosmetics, costs from 2 dollars.
d) 1 kg of litter daily.
e) From each goose you have 40 flight feathers.

2. Turkeys:
a) Marketable carcass weight – 8-18 kg
b) Turkey farming is considered much more profitable than, for example, pig farming. When breeding turkeys, all expenses will pay off in about 1.5 months.

3. Ducks:
a) The duck grows up within 50 days
b) The weight of a commercial duck is 2-2.5 kg
c) Adult ducks of certain breeds lay a huge number of eggs: up to 140 eggs per year
d) From a normal, adult duck with a brood, closer to autumn, it is realistic to get 100-120 kg of meat.

4. Chickens:
a) The chicken begins to lay eggs at the age of 40-50 days.
b) During the year, one chicken lays about 220 eggs, while some breeds lay up to 300.
c) On average, a chicken will lay eggs for about 5 months, then it can be put under the knife and the carcass can be sold.

Table No. 1. Potential of poultry farming services in Russia

On this moment There are a great many small enterprises that are engaged in breeding birds and selling eggs. The vast majority of these companies do not feel competition, since this market is difficult to saturate.

This business pays for itself quickly, functions perfectly with a small amount of investment, requires a business plan in order to follow detailed manual, with all the calculations, deadlines, risks.

Table No. 2. Growth of poultry market participants in Russia

Optimally speaking, all costs for equipment will pay off literally in a year, then you will receive only net profit.

Moreover, the profit will be many times higher than the initial investment, and well-established production will allow you to receive considerable amounts of stable income.

The most profitable for this business are wholesale buyers. For long-term cooperation with them in the future, you can come up with various bonus programs and discounts.

Chicken meat and eggs are considered one of the most popular and sought-after food products in Russia. They have very great biological value for the human body. From an economic point of view, selling these products is quite profitable. Today there are many large manufacturers on the market chicken meat, some of them successfully export their products to many countries around the world. For such companies this business brings very good profits.

However, there are other options for making money in this industry. One of them is organizing such a type of business as opening your own mini-poultry farm. With the right approach to business, this type entrepreneurial activity can become very stable and profitable.

To work successfully and efficiently in this field, you need some specialized knowledge in the field of poultry farming, patience, responsibility and a well-written business plan.

The main essence and beginning of this business

According to recent forecasts from the Ministry of Economic Development Russian Federation, the number of consumers of chicken meat and eggs in the country will constantly increase. The number of national producers of this type of product in the domestic market is also increasing. This is due, first of all, to a reduction in imports of chicken meat to Russia. Therefore, with a correct and responsible approach to the operation of a mini-poultry farm, this type of activity can become very profitable. According to many analysts and industry experts, the profitability of this poultry farming business averages 58-60%.

Before implementing this type of activity in practice, you must have a clearly thought out and executed business plan. He is in mandatory, should include the following items:

construction of a future poultry farm of a certain size;
features of the premises and equipment for the farm;
search and organization of supply of young chickens;
presence of feeding structure;
financial side of the project and investment plan;
technological basics for poultry keeping.

When it comes to raising chickens, you can start by purchasing a small number of young animals. To start this type of business, the optimal number would be 1000 birds. Your initial costs, not including building the farm itself and renting or buying land plot, will be as follows:

86,000 rubles for the purchase of egg-laying chickens and broilers;
110,000 rubles for the construction of specialized cells;
61,000 rubles for the purchase of additional equipment;
52,000 rubles for renovation of the premises.

Thus, the amount of your initial investment in this type of business will be 309,000 rubles. This is provided that you start with a number of young animals of 1000 heads. Below, in this article, calculations of the profitability of this type of activity will be given. But first you need to clarify and analyze all the stages of work on organizing the production of chicken meat and eggs, which should be included in your business plan.

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Primary stages of activity

When building and organizing a poultry breeding business, there are many central points included in the business plan, from which it is worth starting the corresponding work. First, you will need to decide on the organizational and legal form of your future enterprise. Most experts recommend registering such a company in the form of a peasant farm, or peasant farm for short. The choice of this form is due to the following important points, as the minimum number of documents and costs for registration.

The best option for paying taxes would be the Unified Agricultural Tax regime. In Russia its value is 6%. Unified agricultural tax stands for unified agricultural tax. One of the main features and conditions of this rate is that 70% of your basic income will come from the sale of agricultural products.

Next, your business plan must include all the nuances associated with the construction of an enterprise. The land on which the mini-poultry farm will be located will need to be registered as a permitted use. This plot can be your property, purchased or leased. The main thing is that the purpose of the land corresponds to the objects of agricultural purpose. One more prerequisite your mini-farm will be located at a distance of at least 350 m from residential premises.

The next step is to qualitatively analyze your own starting resources. you must clearly know all your capabilities with which you plan to start this type of activity. If you have some practical experience and knowledge in the field of poultry farming, then in the first stages of the business you can get by with a minimum amount of labor. Otherwise, you will be required to hire several highly qualified specialists from this field of activity.

You also need to decide on your own financial capabilities to start your project. If you do not have enough start-up capital, then perhaps you should try the following ways to attract the necessary resources:

state program to support farmers: the amount of investment in your business can be about 1.5-2 million rubles;
bank lending for preferential terms: there are financial institutions that offer specialized loans for the development of agricultural enterprises at 11-12% per annum;
program state support for beginning entrepreneurs in the amount of 350,000 rubles.

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Production and organizational stage

The main activities in which your mini-poultry farm can specialize can be:

production and subsequent sale of meat products and chicken eggs;
raising poultry (chickens) using an incubator.
For these purposes, experts recommend acquiring the following breeds of chickens:
broilers, the live weight of which can reach 5-6 kg;
early maturing hens that can produce up to 220 eggs per year.

In order to start a poultry farming business with 1000 young birds, you will need a premises with an area of 110 sq.m. Experts recommend keeping chickens in specialized cages, which are usually installed in 2-3 tiers. They can be purchased from manufacturers or made independently. This can significantly save space for raising poultry. In accordance with the stocking norm, there should be 5-6 heads of young animals per 1 sq.m. in a cage.

On your farm you can independently engage in poultry reproduction. For this purpose, specialized incubators are used. There is enough on the market big choice of this type of product from both imported and domestic manufacturers. Most experts recommend buying Russian equipment. The ILB brand incubator has proven itself well in practice. It holds more than 700 eggs, and the incubation period for chickens is 22-23 days.

Required condition correct content poultry indoors is to control the maintenance of a microclimate that meets the standards. For chickens that are over 55 days old, +18 degrees will be enough to keep them. Chicks that are only a few days old should be kept indoors at a temperature of +33 degrees. Because of this difference in the regime, different age categories of birds must be kept in different compartments and rooms.

The lighting system is very important in poultry farming - for young animals that are not yet 3 weeks old, it is recommended to keep the lights on around the clock. After this period, as the bird grows, this period is reduced to 17-18 hours. The basis of chicken feed is grain products - wheat and corn. Various mixtures of flour and cereals, which are rich in all kinds of vitamins and easily digestible proteins, are added to the diet. To properly maintain all the main stages of poultry production, a minimum of 3-4 workers is required.

The demand for poultry products is increasing every year. And the number of different poultry farms is also increasing, for example in Leningrad region There are about 10 such farms in operation. Poultry products include: geese, ducks, turkeys, chickens, etc. The main demand is met with the help of imported products from European countries.

Download business plan for opening a poultry farm

Stage 1. Earth

The most common organizational form of a poultry farm is the so-called peasant farm (peasant farm), but there are also cases organizational form type "LLC". When organizing the location of a farm, it is necessary to correctly distinguish between breeding birds and products from them.

Breeding is more advisable outside the city, and manufacturing facility- in the city

The size of the required area will depend on the type of cultivation, number of heads, etc. In the case of free range, 1 unit requires about 10 square meters according to the standard. In the case of fattening with compound feed, less space will be required. Additional condition only duck breeding is available - the area must be equipped water resource. To start a business, you need a statement about the welfare of the farm from veterinarians at the location of the farm, and a certificate of conformity with the quality of commercial products.

Stage 2. Young animals

One family consisting of three people can grow, care for and monitor the farm. It is quite difficult to find highly qualified specialists in bird breeding, because not many universities and Susa teach such subjects and study suitable disciplines, and the demand for such personnel is many times higher than the supply.

Profitability - from 700 individuals and more.

Initial financial investments at the first stage should be about 6 thousand conventional units.

Money will primarily be needed for:

purchasing a young brood (tribe) or families of birds;
incubators for hatching the next generation of young animals;
warming the young;
construction of poultry houses;

Will consider the costs required for the purchase of young brood depending on the specialization of the farm:

1 individual geese – 90 rubles;
1 individual duck - 45-50 rubles;
1 individual turkey – 85-90 rubles;

Having made the necessary calculations for the farm to reach a certain level profitability, we get the following figures: a farm of 700 individuals will require investments in the amount of 32 thousand rubles to 63 thousand rubles.

Stage 3. Poultry house

Breeding ducks, turkeys and geese is notable for the fact that they tolerate cold and northern conditions well.

Most often, ready-made buildings are used

A businessman tries not to invest too much in the construction of new buildings, and therefore most often they use ready-made buildings only, slightly re-equipping them. This method can be used for raising and breeding geese. For them, the main factor will be the tightness of the room; it should not be ventilated.

Geese are well adapted to temperatures of 10 degrees, but they can also tolerate temperatures of 5 degrees, with a short-term decrease. As for the tribes and the premises for their detention, the temperature must be maintained at 26 degrees above zero.

The room that will be intended for breeding chicks must meet the following requirements:

Heating of the room (wiring of heating systems or the use of special equipment - brooders);
Temperature support at 28 to 37 degrees above zero;

When heating, you need to take into account that 1 brooder can heat up to 250 young animals. The premises and areas are selected depending on the selected bird for rearing.

Consider the average number of heads per 1 square meter:

Geese – 4 pcs.;
Ducks – 3 pcs.;
Turkeys – 2 pcs.;

The advantage of quails is that they live and live mainly in flocks or heaps, which allows you to choose a smaller area for them and spend less money on rent.

On average, in practice, about 300 heads are accommodated in 1 square space, while living in multi-storey buildings (3-6 storey cages);

Stage 4. Feed

IN warm time year (summer, autumn), a poultry farm for raising geese can use pasture as feed, feeding the brood in the evenings, after returning from pasture, with small portions of compound feed or various types of grains.

When breeding ducks and with an existing reservoir, feed costs can be reduced due to the fact that ducks by and large– omnivores, and will feed on waste products near a body of water (grass, phytoplankton, etc.).

The purchase of feed and mixed feed mainly occurs from factories.

The most expensive bird species to feed are quails. They need to be fed 2-3 times within 24 hours. 1 individual consumes about 30 grams of food per day. In addition to the main feed, waste from the kitchen (wheat, corn, cottage cheese, etc.) goes into the feeders. Feeding costs are approximately 40 percent of the total cost.

As for equipment, it is worth purchasing the following:

Feeder;
Two types of drinking bowl:

In-line drinking bowl
Vacuum drinking bowl

Nest;

All equipment is purchased based on the number of birds raised. Special attention need to be given to feeders, because their number should be such as to allow each bird to approach it at the same time.

Most farmers widely use incubation units in their business.

Stage 5. Waste-free production and sales

Most high level profitability and the greatest efficiency from the operation of a poultry farm can be obtained with the full use of all types of products (feathers, fluff, droppings).

Let's look at the characteristics when breeding geese:

Average weight – 6 kilograms (900 rubles);
Goose down – 600 grams (40 conventional units per 1 kilogram);

However, down, as a rule, is sold in large quantities, and it is not very easy to sell it in small quantities, so it would be advisable to open additional production of pastel accessories (pillows, blankets) made from down.

Also, a significant part of the profit comes from the sale of litter for the need Agriculture, for summer residents, gardeners, villages. However, for such activities it is necessary to obtain a separate certificate. 1 individual goose can yield about 1 thousand rubles annually.

As a rule, a surge in demand for products poultry farms increases on the eve of the celebration New Year's holidays and other significant celebrations. The main disadvantage of operating a farm is the restraint in production, because a significant part of the time farmers are forced to pluck birds.

It takes approximately 2.5 hours to pluck 1 bird a day.

It is impossible to purchase the appropriate equipment for a number of reasons:

The equipment is intended for large poultry farms;
Expensive;
Long payback process;

It would be advisable to create a separate farm with appropriate plucking equipment in order to provide appropriate services to small farms.

Download business plan for opening a poultry farm

Here are the actual numbers for breeding various types birds:

Goose:

The average carcass weight is 7.5 kilograms (ranges from 5 to 10 kilograms);
Down – 600 grams of down at a price of up to 40 conventional units;
Flight feathers – up to 40 pieces;
Sebaceous glands ( required ingredient for cosmetic products) – cost 2 catch units;
On average, 1 goose produces about 1 kilogram of litter in 1 day;

Duck:

The growth process lasts just under 2 months;
The average carcass weight is 2.1 kilograms (ranges from 2 to 2.2 kilograms);
1 adult with chicks in the fall is capable of producing an average of 110 kilograms of meat products (from 100 to 120 kilograms);
Ducks capable of laying eggs produce about 130 eggs per year (depending on the type of duck, only some breeds lay eggs);

Turkey:

The average carcass weight is 12.5 kilograms (ranges from 7 to 18 kilograms);
Turkey rearing is considered more profitable business, even than raising pigs;

Quail:

Female individuals produce approximately 285 eggs per year (from 250 to 320);
The weight of an individual is 120 grams, the female is more;
3 females and 1 male per year are capable of producing farming up to 500 heads of young chicks;