The Kerch Peninsula is a place with a unique history. Kerch Peninsula: nature and main attractions

It is washed from the north by the Sea of ​​Azov, from the east by the Kerch Strait, and from the south by the Black Sea.

The surface of the Kerch Peninsula was subjected to mountain-building movements even in the Tertiary period; they created here numerous uplifts, small in height (up to 180 m) and length, as a result of which a peculiar hilly relief (a discontinuous chain of hills) of the Kerch Peninsula arose.

Most of the peninsula is a feather grass or sagebrush steppe, with shrubs and frigana in the coastal strip. The southwestern part of the peninsula is more flat.

The coast of the Kerch Peninsula in some places forms capes (Kazantip, Tarkhan) and wide bays. Some of them have already managed to separate from the sea by sandy embankments and have turned into salt lakes, partly used for salt extraction (for example, Chokrakokoe, Uzunlar, Aktash lakes).

Similar salt lakes and estuaries are also characteristic of the coast of the northern plains of the Crimean region.

In many places of the Kerch Peninsula, especially near the city of Kerch, mud hills, or mud volcanoes, come across. They are small cone-shaped hills spewing liquid gray mud mixed with oil and gases. This mud is usually cold, but it can also be warm. Such mud hills serve as one of the signs of the presence of oil in the bowels of the Kerch Peninsula.

The Kerch Peninsula is rich in minerals: iron ore, oil, combustible gases, building stone (shell rock), gypsum, in some places there are mineral (sulphurous) springs, etc. The lakes of the peninsula have large reserves of various salts and therapeutic mud. The therapeutic mud of Lake Chokrak (18 km north of Kerch) has long been widely known.

The presence of hydrogen sulfide waters of high concentration and therapeutic mud High Quality makes this area favorable for the creation of a complex balneological seaside resort here.

The main wealth of the Kerch Peninsula is iron ore, which, as already mentioned, serves as the raw material base for the Azov metallurgical plants. Its development is carried out by the Kamyshburun iron ore plant.

Building stone (shell rock) and salt are mined on the peninsula. The fishing industry has been widely developed. The Kerch Strait ranks first in terms of fish catches in the Black Sea. In the Kerch region, fisheries are widely developed, and fish factories operate.

AT agriculture On the Kerch Peninsula, wheat crops are of paramount importance. The areas occupied by orchards and vineyards are expanding. In animal husbandry, the leading role belongs to large cattle and pig breeding; Sheep and poultry farming is also developed.

The processing of mussels can be of economic importance ( bivalves) into feed concentrate for livestock. Commercial resources of mussels in the Crimea, especially near the Kerch Peninsula, are practically inexhaustible.

On the shore of the Kerch Strait lies ancient city Kerch. It stretches partly on a low sandy shore, partly on the slopes of Mount Mithridates. Convenient geographical position a city lying by the strait that connects two seas - the Black and Azov, back in old times played a significant role in the creation shopping center.

Modern Kerch is a large industrial city of the Crimea. The fish canning industry and other industries are developed here. Food Industry, there is a ship repair yard, building stone quarries, as well as a large brick and tile factory and other enterprises. The new brick and tile plant is equipped with advanced technology, the extraction of clay, its supply to the place of brick and tile molding has been mechanized. The plant has excavators, motor trucks, presses, auto-loaders, semi-automatic machines for cutting bricks and other equipment.

Other enterprises are also well technically equipped, especially those engaged in the extraction and processing of fish.

Of the enterprises of the cooperative industry in Kerch, there are spinning and shoe factories.

Kerch's industry is expanding. New workshops and factories are coming into operation. A gypsum plant was put into operation. At the same time, large housing and communal construction has been launched in Kerch. The architectural appearance of the city is changing; new multi-storey buildings were built on the main street named after. Lenin.

A large settlement named after them was rebuilt anew. Arshintseva, Every year the improvement of the settlements surrounding the city of Kerch is improving.

Kerch is a significant cultural center; here is a row educational institutions, as well as the Azovo-Chernomorsky Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography.

Notes

The Kerch Peninsula includes two administrative districts - Leninsky and Primorsky.

Evergreen, dry-loving vegetation.

On the site of the current Kerch back in the VI century. BC e. The city of Panticapaeum was founded, which became in the 5th century. BC e. the capital of the ancient Bosporan kingdom. In the Middle Ages, on the site of Panticapaeum, there was the city of Korchev, which was part of the Russian Tmutorokan principality.

Passed over to Russia in 1774 under the Kuchuk-Kainarji peace treaty, Kerch, together with the neighboring Yenikale fortress, played a significant role in the reunification of Crimea with Russia.

In the 19th century Kerch became a major trading center.

The Kerch Peninsula is washed by the waters of the Azov and Black Seas from three sides. The western border runs along the Akmonai isthmus. Area - about 3060 km 2.

The nature of the Kerch Peninsula is extremely peculiar and diverse. Here there are landscape complexes of meadow-saltwort and sagebrush semi-deserts, typical for the Sivash region of denudation-remnant steppe plains, similar. Crimean foothills and the Tarkhankut peninsula. The warm frostless winter of the coast of the Feodosia Gulf and the significant participation of Mediterranean species in the vegetation cover brings it closer to the southern coast of Crimea, diopyr folds and mud volcanism make it related to the Taman Peninsula.

Oligocene and Lower Miocene dark shale clays occur at the base of the peninsula (Maikop series). These clays come to the surface in the southwestern part and in the eroded anticline cores. In the northern, northeastern, and eastern parts of the Kerch Peninsula, Maikop clays are overlain by Middle Miocene and Upper Miocene (Sarmatian) deposits represented by clays, sands, marls, and limestones. In the synclines of the central and eastern parts of the Kerch Peninsula, as well as in some

In anticlinal basins, Sarmatian deposits are overlain by rocks of the Meotic, Pliocene, and Anthropogenic age.

The tectonic structures of the Kerch Peninsula are distinguished by their fragmentation. Characteristic is the alternation of anticlinal structures formed by a system of brachyanticlinal folds and synclinal troughs (troughs).

According to M. V. Muratov (1960), the formation of anticlinal folds began even before the Middle Miocene and continued until the end of the Pliocene. At the same time, they were destroyed under the influence of abrasion and erosion-denudation processes. Their central parts, composed of Maikop clays, were destroyed; anticlinal basins and ring remnant hills, so characteristic of the Kerch Peninsula, were formed. Marine abrasion played a decisive role in the formation of the southwestern plain of the peninsula.

The Anthropogenic period in the development of the relief of the peninsula is characterized by repeated changes in the direction of its development due to neotectonic movements and changes in sea level. Either accumulative processes prevailed, when loess-like loams and clays accumulated, then denudation processes developed, which, however, did not differ. great intensity due to the shallow depth of local bases of erosion and dryness of the climate. At present, the peninsula is characterized by abrasion-denudation, abrasion-denudation-remnant and accumulative plains.

The climate of the Kerch Peninsula is arid with relatively mild winters. Winter is relatively stable. The sub-zero period ranges from 33 days in the southwest to 60 days in the northeast. Changes in the same direction average temperature the coldest month of February from -0.2 to -1.7 °.

Every year there are frosts down to -15°, and occasionally up to -30°. Spring is relatively late and cold. Summer is hot and dry. The frost-free period ranges from 220-225 days on the coast of the Azov and Black Seas to 200 days in the center of the peninsula. The period with temperatures above 10 ° varies within a small range from 187 days in the center and northeast to 191 - 193 days on the southwestern coast. Frosts dangerous for crops are rare. There is little precipitation - from 253-300 mm on the southern and northern coasts d 0 400-438 mm, in the center and on the eastern edge of the peninsula. About 60% of precipitation falls in warm period of the year.

The hydrographic network of the peninsula is represented by dry rivers and gullies. The largest of the dry rivers of Somarli, the width of its valley with a well-defined first terrace above the floodplain reaches one kilometer.

Maximum stock - 50 m 3 / s., but in summer the river, like other streams, dries up. Largest lakes peninsulas - Aktshskoe, Chokrakskoe, Churubashskoe, Tobechikskoe, Opukskoe and Uzunlaskoe - are located along the seashore and are of lagoon-marine origin.

Groundwater occurs at different depths. In the area of ​​lakes, the coast of the sea and in the basins, groundwater occurs at a depth of 0.5 to 3 m, on watersheds at a depth of 10 meters or more. Most of the groundwater is saline both due to sea water (on the coast of the sea and lagoon lakes) and due to the dissolution of salts from the Sarmatian and Maikop salt-bearing clays.

ground cover The peninsula is characterized by great diversity and is formed by a combination of southern chernozems, chestnut brackish soils, solonetzes and solonchaks.

The distribution of soil varieties, the degree of salinity, and the thickness of the soil horizon are mainly determined by the height above sea level and the nature of the soil-forming rocks. The richest chernozem and dark chestnut soils were formed on loess-like clays in synclinal basins and on limestone-deluvial deposits in anticlinal structures.

The zonal type of vegetation cover on the peninsula is feather grass-fescue and fescue-wormwood steppes. Of the other types of vegetation, mesophytic and halophytic ha, sagebrush-saltwort semi-deserts, and petrophytic steppes are widespread.

Plowed area is about 32% of the area. 25% of the land suitable for agriculture, the rest of the area is used for hayfields and pastures.

The Kerch Peninsula is characterized by landscape differentiation, which, manifesting itself together with other factors, determines its landscape structure.

Abrasion-denudation-remnant steppe areas occupy a relatively small area (21.5%), but they give unique features of nature to the entire peninsula. There are three types of remnants here - ring, ridge-shaped and watershed dome-shaped. All of them are composed of relatively hard rocks, mainly limestones.

The described types of terrain are characterized by the predominance of slope tracts. Most widespread have gentle slopes with a steepness of 1 to 10° (84%), slopes of medium steepness from 10 to 15%, and rocks and steep slopes (steeper than 20°) only 1%.

On steep slopes, the soils are chernozem-calcareous stony-gravelly, on gentle slopes they are more powerful. The vegetation cover is dominated by shrub-forb steppes. Among

shrubs have hawthorn, wild rose and blackthorn. Steep and moderately steep slopes of this type of terrain can be used for forest plantations, which work well here. On gentle slopes,
place gardens and hayfields. Significant areas of these slopes with
more powerful soils with strict observance of anti-erosion
measures can be taken under arable land with grain and fodder
crop rotations and strict adherence to anti-erosion measures. The abrasion-denudation-remnant feather-grass-fescue-petrophyte-steppe type of terrain is distributed mainly in the central part of the peninsula. It is characterized by greater rockiness, it is characterized by tracts of petrophytic steppes on thin gravel soils, feather grass-fescue steppes, and less often tracts of feather grass-forb steppes. On the farm, it is mainly used for grazing. Improving its economic value will require radical reclamation.

The denudation-plain feather-grass-fescue-steppe type of terrain is one of the dominant ones on the peninsula (22.5%), but its economic value is low, since thin, often rubbly or medium and highly saline soils are common here. The best of them are slightly solonetsous carbonate chernozems and dark chestnut soils formed on limestone deluvium, with good processing, they give high yields of cereals, sunflower and other crops.

The abrasion-denudation-plain fescue-wormwood steppe type of terrain developed in the north of the southwestern plain and in anticlinal basins, where groundwater is relatively deep.

Dark chestnut medium and highly solonetsous soils in combination with solonetzic chernozems, formed on the deluvium of saline Sarmatian and Maikop clays, are distinguished by a heavy mechanical composition and silty structure. In wet years, subject to the agrotechnical rules of processing, on these soils, good yields of grain crops are obtained.

Among the denudation-plain and abrasion-denudation-rnaine steppe areas there are tracts characteristic of the Kerch Peninsula - mud volcanoes. They are expressed either as cone-shaped hills, or as a cloak of mud-stone material, which only slightly rises above the surrounding plain. In agricultural terms, they are not used and belong to inconvenient lands.

The accumulative-plain feather-grass-fescue-steppe type of terrain is confined to synclinal basins, it occupies relatively small areas (16.9%), but is the main breadbasket of the peninsula. These plains are composed of a thick layer of carbonate loams and loess-like clays. Soils such as southern chernozems are usually densely built, contain up to 3-4% humus, are relatively provided with mobile forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, and are not inferior in fertility to the same soils of the Crimean steppe. Accumulative plains in the past were occupied by typical feather grass steppes. Now most of them are open. This type of terrain is located at altitudes of 40-100 m and suitable for irrigation. With the construction of the North Crimean Canal, the main arrays of irrigated lands will be located here.

Weakly drained meadow-saltwort type of terrain is common in the southwest and on low-lying coasts in the region of lagoon lakes of the Kerch Peninsula. This type of terrain is characterized by drainless depressions - “ if”, filled with water in spring and drying up in summer, depressions of permanent continental salt lakes, low-lying coastal areas and mouths of wide gullies. All soils here are saline, solonetzes are widespread in combination with solonchaks. Vegetation represented various types halophytic meadows of couch grass, wormwood solonchak, kermek, bonfire, immortelle, hogweed, beckmania and other species. The most humid places on the shores of the Kazantip and Feodosiya bays are occupied by reed, rush and cattail bogs. Most of the described type of terrain is used as a pasture loop.

Meadow-beam type of terrain is ubiquitous, although it occupies only 8.9% of the area. It is characterized by tracts of beams and dry rivers. Beams play an important role as natural drainage, through which flood waters are removed and washed away

from soil salt. Dry rivers, unlike beams, have a well-defined floodplain and the first terrace above the floodplain. The width of the valleys ranges from 200 to 1000 m. Good moisture, powerful meadow-chernozem soils provide the development of clover-couch grass, couch grass-Beckmania and couch grass-forb meadows, with a yield of up to 20 c/ha fodder valuable herbs. Separate sections of these valleys can be used for gardens and orchards.

By the nature of the geological and geomorphological structure and landscape structure, the Kerch Peninsula is divided into two physical and geographical regions - southwestern region of the structural-erosion plain and the northeastern region of the ridge-ridged erosion-denudation plain. The boundary between them runs along the limestone Parpach ridge (Fig. 18).

In conclusion, it should be noted that the lands of the Kerch Peninsula are poorly used in agriculture. Arable land accounts for only 32% of the district's territory. The construction of the North Crimean Canal will make it possible to involve large areas of land in intensive agricultural circulation and bring the plowing of the territory up to 50-60%. Here, early and mid-ripening grape varieties, many horticultural crops, including apricots, cherries and apples, ripen well. Good harvests give grain crops: winter wheat, spring and winter barley. Along with this, significant areas should be set aside for forest and forest windproof and anti-erosion forest belts. The current density of forest belts does not exceed 1% of the area and is clearly insufficient. And the planted two large tracts of forests are developing well.

568
SECTION IV.

UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS,

How often do we think about the places where we live? Local lore data about native places are extremely rarely needed in Everyday life. And most often we get information about the region only at the lessons of natural history at school. The Kerch Peninsula is quite large and interesting region. And, you can learn a lot of new things. The Kerch Peninsula, of course, cannot be compared with a holiday in Sanya, but it still has a number of advantages.

The peninsula is separated from the rest of the Crimea by a small Akmonai isthmus. The narrowest point of the isthmus is 17 kilometers wide - from the southern tip Arabat Spit to the village of Primorsky (on the Feodosia Bay). In ancient times, the border of the Bosporus kingdom was located here, and today - the Leninsky district. The maximum width of the Kerch Peninsula is 52 kilometers: from Cape Kazantip on the Sea of ​​Azov to Cape Chauda on the Black Sea. From west to east, the Kerch Peninsula stretches for more than 90 kilometers. The total area of ​​the peninsula is 2830 km2, which is a little more than 10% of the territory of the entire Crimea.

On the Kerch Peninsula, two types of relief are distinguished: in the South-West - an undulating low-lying plain with a slope towards the sea, in the North and North-East - low mountains and limestone ridges.

The southwest is the land of arable farming. From the village of Vladislavovka to Marfovka, a mountain range called Parpach stretched. In the south, it smoothly descends to Mount Opuk - one of the most high peaks peninsula (height - 185 meters). Opuksky was organized here nature reserve. Under his protection are pink starlings, which do not nest in any other corner of Ukraine.

Low mountains up to 150-180 meters high stretch from the Parpachsky ridge towards Kerch, between them there are gullies and river valleys. Near Kerch rises the Mithridatovsky ridge with the highest point of the Kerch Peninsula - Mount Pihbopay (189 meters).

One of distinctive features The Kerch Peninsula from the rest of the Crimea is the presence. Some volcanoes that have been inactive for a long time have turned into isolated hills or basins. During rainy days, they turn into "koli" - endorheic lakes.

Unfavorable conditions have developed on the peninsula natural conditions for the development of forest vegetation. In the 50s, a forest protection station was artificially created near Cape Kazantip, which in 1962 was transformed into Leskhozzag. Crimean pine, maple, birch bark, ash, acacia, elm, almond, wild rose, silver sucker were planted here. Today, forests on the Kerch Peninsula occupy an area of ​​7,000 hectares. Successful experiments with forests on sandy soils were due to the shallow occurrence of fresh water here.

Another artificial forest was planted near the village. The founder of this forestry was the first secretary of the district party committee N.I. Parelsky. In the first years after the Second World War, these places were a dusty steppe, fresh water was transported from the Oysul station (today the village of Ostanino). First, dams were built here, and bushes and trees were planted around the resulting stakes. Parelsky even brought frogs to these camps. Today, these forest plantations have been elevated to the status of a state reserve of local importance.

The climate of the Kerch Peninsula is arid, so water resources here a little. The lack of rainfall in the area made river system peninsulas are simply an extensive system of beams. However, by archaeological research, since ancient times these places have been densely populated. Therefore, the rivers were once full-flowing. And the availability of fresh water has always been one of the main conditions for the settlement of new territories. Geomorphological studies show that the valleys of the local beams were riverbeds, there are also floodplain terraces.

Previously, on the Kerch Peninsula there were bison, aurochs, saiga, wild Horse, donkey, gazelle. In the 2-1 millennium BC, the climate of these places became drier, many rivers became shallow or completely dried up. The shallowness of the rivers and gullies of the Kerch Peninsula could not make a great contribution to the development of the national economy, therefore, they were not taken in depth to study them. Today, the rivers and beams of the peninsula are the most unexplored. In 1925, the botanist E.V. Vulf and the researcher I.I. Puzanov conducted an expedition along the beams. Their records contain data on the abundance of wells, but out of six wells, water is suitable for drinking in only one of them. In the rest, “and the toad dies,” which means increased salinity of the water.

Such wells at that time were the only sources of water supply for the peninsula, and they were not enough to meet the needs of fresh water. Today, this issue is solved by the Dnieper water, which fills seven reservoirs through the North Crimean Canal, with a total volume of 97 million m3. Most major rivers and beams of the Kerch Peninsula start from the Parpach ridge and carry water to the north, south and east. One of the most extensive networks is located in the north and northeast of the peninsula.

southeastern part of the Crimean peninsula. Its length from west to east is 80-90 versts, width from north to south is 40-45 versts; area can be taken as 2700-3000 sq. verst. The peninsula is washed in the north by the Sea of ​​Azov and partly by the Rotten Sea, separated by a narrow, low-lying strip Arabat Spit, in the east - K. by the strait, in the south - by the Black Sea, in the west - connected with the rest of the Crimea by a narrow, steppe strip about 17 versts wide; at some points of it, both seas, the Azov and the Black, are visible at once. The entire area of ​​the K. peninsula is treeless and generally low-lying; the dominant mineral rock is dark-colored shale clay of the Middle Tertiary stages, which is overlain by limestones in the northern and eastern halves of the peninsula, giving the area great diversity and hilliness; some elevations reach 50, even 70 sazhens above sea level (Mount Konchek near Uzunlar Lake, Mount Opuk between Lake Elken and the Black Sea). The mentioned shale clay in most of the peninsula is saline and oil-bearing; the soil water drawn from the wells is unfit for consumption, or at least very bad. The southwestern low-lying half of the peninsula, adjacent to Feodosia, is especially affected by lack of water. In the 1870s, the ministry state property 9 extensive dams have been built here to accumulate and preserve rain and snow water; two of them were unsuccessful, and the rest bring undoubted benefits to the surrounding population. AT last years dams began to appear on private lands; Thus, around 1890, an extensive dam was built in Kenegez (Mrs. Durante), collecting several million buckets and irrigating a spacious garden, planted in an area that until recently was completely dry and barren. At many points in the K. peninsula (especially in the northeast corner, near Kerch) there are mud hills or mud volcanoes. These are usually small, flat-cone-shaped hills, spewing liquid gray mud with a greater or lesser admixture of oil and some gases; mud is usually cold, but sometimes warm; it happens that the eruption is accompanied by flames and smoke. In the western half of the K. peninsula, about 12 versts south of the Argin post station, there is the Dzhau-tepe hill, which rises to 58 sazhens above sea level. According to Pallas, in the last century the eruption from it was accompanied by a flame; now she vomits weakly and only at times; nearby is a sulfur key. The main reason for the formation of hills should be considered the content of oil at a considerable depth in the soil. For many years, a joint-stock French company has been producing oil exploration on the peninsula; small quantities of the latter are found in many places, but large clusters, which could ensure correct and long-term operation, has not been found; meanwhile, some exploratory wells reach a depth of 250 fathoms. On the geographical maps, which all represent different-scale copies of a one-verst map compiled from a survey in 1830, many lakes are shown on the K. peninsula, both near the seashore and far from it (Uzunlarskoe, Dautelskoe, etc.). Now some of these lakes are dry in the middle of summer and are only covered from the surface with a white sediment of salts, which makes them look like real lakes from a distance. It is highly probable that once the coastal lakes were rather deep sea bays, which subsequently became shallow not only because they were gradually filled with sediment, but also due to the relative lowering of the sea level. The proof of such a decrease is the latest deposits with shells now living in the Black Sea, observed in the coastal strip at a height of 4-5 sazhens above sea level; in the vicinity of Feodosia, these deposits are rather hard sandstone, exploited for the needs of the city. The higher position of the sea level in ancient historical times is in good agreement with the existence of the remains of extensive settlements on such places as the slopes of Mount Opuk and Lake Elken. According to Professor Brun, there was a city Kemirikon, which was already in ruins at the time of Strabo; other writers are looking for this city on the east side of the K. Strait. Between the archaeological sites of the K. peninsula, a prominent place is occupied by an ancient rampart Aksak-Temir-Indek, blocking the entire peninsula, from the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov to the Uzunlar Lake, which is separated from the Black Sea only by a low-lying embankment. To the west there are traces of another rampart known as Asandrov. It was arranged, according to Herodotus, by the children of the Scythian Cimmerian slaves, who wanted to protect themselves with this structure from their masters - the Scythians, when they returned from an undertaken campaign to Asia. This rampart was subsequently renewed by the Bosphorus king Asander (49-14 BC), who built one tower every 10 stages, as Strabo testifies. The Asandrov Wall blocked the peninsula from the environs of Feodosia to the Sea of ​​Azov. The surroundings of Kerch are famous for the abundance of archaeological monuments, where the excavation of burial mounds yielded many precious finds, stored mainly in St. Petersburg. Imperial Hermitage (see Kerch). With the exception of a small area in the northeastern corner, which is under the jurisdiction of the Kerch-Yenikalsk city administration, the K. Peninsula belongs to the Feodosia district of the Tauride province. The population is sparse; residents - Tatars, Russians and German colonists; the main occupations are arable farming and cattle breeding, and in the coastal strip, fishing, which is especially developed along the Azov coast.

• - This tiny lane arose in late XIX century in the Admiralty part of the city, when, by the highest permission, it was allowed to build up plots near the Admiralty from the side of the Neva. ...

  St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

• - Strait - located between the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas, connects the Black and Azov Seas. The length of the strait is 40 km, the width is from 4 to 15 km, the depth of the fairway is 5-10 meters...

  Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus

• - located on the Kerch Peninsula, in the Crimean region. Ukrainian SSR. M-tion zhel. ores are confined to troughs and troughs of latitudinal strike with a length of 6-40 km and latitude. 1.5-13 km. The total basin area is more than 250 km2...

  Geological Encyclopedia

• - between the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas, connects the Azov and Black Seas. The name appeared in the middle of the 19th century; given in the mountains. Kerch...

  Geographic Encyclopedia

• - between the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas. Connects the Black and Azov seas. Length approx. 41 km, width from 4 to 45 km, depth 5-15 m. ferry from st. Caucasus...

  Russian encyclopedia

• - southeastern part of the Crimean peninsula. Its length from west to east is 80-90 versts, width from north to south is 40-45 versts; area can be taken as 2700-3000 sq. miles...
• - connects the Black Sea with the Sea of ​​Azov; its length is about 40 versts; width from 15 to 3 verst...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - group of deposits iron ores, located in the northern and eastern parts of the Kerch Peninsula in the Crimean region of the Ukrainian SSR and confined to very gentle geosynclines made by Cimmerian ...
• - the eastern part of the Crimean peninsula ...

  Big Soviet Encyclopedia

• - the strait between the Kerch Peninsula for 3 ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - the eastern part of the Crimean Peninsula. It is washed by the Azov and Black Seas and the Kerch Strait. OK. 3 thousand km². Height up to 190 m. Mud volcanoes. On the Kerch Peninsula, the Kerch iron ore basin ...
• - between the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas. Connects the Black and Azov seas. Length approx. 41 km, width from 4 to 45 km, depth 5-15 m. A large port is Kerch, connected by a railway ferry to the Kavkaz station ...

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• - to"...
• - K "Kerchinsky Prol" ...

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"Kerch Peninsula" in books

Peninsula

From the book Memory of a Dream [Poems and Translations] author Puchkova Elena Olegovna

The peninsula I am a descendant of molluscs, who went out to the stars from the sea, I live according to other people's primers and am pleased with the donkey's stall. People can become rats with their love for the barley field. I drag greed like chains, transgressing hunger and thirst. If I want to lie down, it dives over me

Lightly salted herring with croutons, potatoes, cucumbers, eggs, sour cream and Kerch salad mayonnaise

From the book Herring Dishes author Treer Gera Marksovna

3. KERCH PENINSULA

From book Crimean Khanate author Thunmann Johann

3. KERCH PENINSULA Most of its western part belongs to the Tatars, while the eastern part, near the Kaffa Strait, was given under a peace treaty in 1774 to the Russians. At the entrance to this peninsula, between the mountains and the Sea of ​​Azov near Arabat, the ancient inhabitants dug against the Scythians

Chapter 20

From the book Battle for Crimea author Shirokorad Alexander Borisovich

Chapter 20. The Kerch pogrom On March 28, 1942, at a meeting of the senior command staff, Hitler announced a plan for a new summer campaign. The first German offensive in 1942 was decided to take place in the Crimea immediately after the soil dries out. Should have been captured in the beginning

Kerch and the Kerch Strait

From the book Azov Fleet and Flotilla author Kogan Vasily Grigorievich

Kerch and the Kerch Strait Russian-Turkish war 1768–1774

Chapter two. Landing on the Kerch Peninsula

From the book Liberation of Crimea (November 1943 - May 1944). Documents show author Litvin Georgy Afanasyevich

Chapter two. Landings on the Kerch Peninsula On October 13, 1943, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command approved the plan of the operation to liberate the Kerch Peninsula, developed by the headquarters of the North Caucasian Front and the Black Sea Fleet, which went down in history as the Kerch-Eltigen landing

From the book Strait in Fire author

Part I. Landing on the Kerch Peninsula

Leaving the Kerch Peninsula

From the book Strait in Fire author Martynov Valerian Andreevich

Leaving the Kerch Peninsula The rapidly unfolding military events at the end of the first decade of May 1942 on the Kerch Peninsula acquired an undesirable character for us.

The Kerch Strait is ours!

From the book Strait in Fire author Martynov Valerian Andreevich

The Kerch Strait is ours! The crossing operated for one hundred and sixty-five days, and all this time the artillery batteries of the 163rd and 167th divisions of the Kerch Naval Base, together with the artillery of the Primorsky Army, supported artillery fire fighting troops on the Kerch bridgehead, covered the crossing,

Kerch Lane

From the book Legendary streets of St. Petersburg author Erofeev Alexey Dmitrievich

Kerch lane This tiny lane arose at the end of the 19th century in the Admiralty part of the city, when, by the highest permission, it was allowed to build up plots near the Admiralty from the side of the Neva. Several lanes formed here were named by decree

KERCHENSKY LANE

From the book Petersburg in street names. The origin of the names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands author From the author's book

The Kerch Campaign of 1699 The construction of the ships by the Kumpans (there were 68 in total) was basically completed already in 1699. Taking into account the ships completed in 1701-1704, the Kumpans built 134 different ships, including 19 barkalungs, or barcolons (two-deck

The Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula occupy the eastern part of Crimea and stretch from the Perekop isthmus in the north to the Feodosiya Gulf in the south. The conditional border on the western side is the railway line Dzhankoy - Simferopol, on the south - the Feodosia - Simferopol highway. This territory, thanks to the North Crimean Canal, is the most suitable for agriculture.

Large settlements and cities of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov and the Kerch Peninsula

Northwestern Crimea includes several large settlements:

Archaeological reserves of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula

Ak-Monai quarries

Starokarantinsky quarries

Dungeons of ancient Kimmerik

Settlement Mirmekiy

Royal barrow

Crypts under Mount Mithridates

Monuments and obelisks of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula

Temples, mosques and cathedrals of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula

Unique buildings of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula

Museums and expositions of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula

Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula - archaeological coast

For two and a half thousand years, the Kerch Peninsula was the gateway to the Crimea - merchants, travelers and warriors have long been transported through the narrow strait. Later, the famous Silk Road ran here: from the ancient Panticapaeum by sea wanderers went to distant and unknown lands to return with rich goods.

The peninsula still fulfills its historical role today - one of the main routes to the Crimea still passes through the Kerch Peninsula. Soon Crimea will be connected with the rest of Russia by a road and rail bridge, which will significantly increase trade and transport links between the regions, entail the development of infrastructure and the creation of new jobs. The city of Kerch has a very great prospects become one of the main transport hubs of the Crimean peninsula and return the former greatness of Panticapaeum.

At present, having passed the ferry crossing, tourists are in a hurry to immediately get to the South Bank and Sevastopol, unfairly depriving attention of the vast lands stretching from the Kerch Peninsula. Meanwhile, this part of the Crimea is in many ways unique and unrepeatable.

The land mastered by the ancient Greeks keeps many secrets and mysteries. Assess the former power of the Bosporus kingdom, standing on top of Mount Mithridates. The city of Panticapaeum in its heyday occupied an area of ​​about 100 hectares and was one of the largest and richest ancient settlements. The rulers of the Bosporus left behind many monuments of funerary architecture, the most famous of which is the Royal Mound. The tomb of a king from the Spartokid dynasty was built according to the Egyptian model and resembles a pyramid in shape. Particularly impressive is the entrance to the burial chamber, which has the shape of a cypress - the tree of the dead.

In addition to Panticapaeum, there were other ancient Greek settlements on the Kerch Peninsula, the settlements of which can be seen today. The most popular among tourists are Mirmekiy, Kitey and Nymphaeum. Unfortunately, only ruins remained from the ancient buildings, but thanks to the efforts of archaeologists, you can find out details about the life of local residents from the distant past.

From the recent past, the most vivid memories are associated with the Great Patriotic War. The Kerch Peninsula was one of the last strongholds Soviet army in Crimea. The defense of the Adzhimushkay quarries lasted about 170 days. The enemy met fierce resistance, at the cost of thousands of lives, Soviet troops were able to stop the German offensive and did not allow the Wehrmacht army to force the Kerch Strait. Today, there is a museum in the quarries, which preserves the life of the participants in the defense.

In addition to historical memorial sites, the region is rich and unique natural phenomena. One of the main local attractions - mud volcanoes - an amazing and extremely entertaining natural phenomenon. Mud volcanoes are miniature and relatively safe models real stratovolcanoes: the principle of their existence is approximately the same. This miracle of nature will be especially attractive for children - there is no better way to tell a child about the eruption than to show it in reality. The largest such volcano, Dzhau-Tepe, has a height of about 60 m and, fortunately, is still silent. Active small volcanoes can be easily found in the vicinity of Kerch, there are several dozen of them on the peninsula.

Untouched virgin steppes stretch to the north-west of the Kerch Peninsula, since 1974 almost 600 hectares have been declared a protected area. grow here unique plants, accustomed to alkaline soils, some of them are endemic, that is, they are not found anywhere else in the world. The steppes are especially beautiful in spring, when the entire space to the horizon is covered with a carpet of blooming wild tulips or poppies.

Worthy of special attention salt lakes, which are very numerous in this part of Crimea. By autumn, the water in them acquires a pink-red hue, and large salt crystals form on the surface. The lakes look extraordinarily beautiful in the evenings, when the landscape becomes truly Martian.

The Azov Sea coast brings special joy to vacationers. Due to the shallow depth, the water here warms up very quickly even in early summer. In shallow water, you can safely relax with children - shell-sand beaches have gentle slopes, and the maximum depth in the coastal zone is no more than 2-3 meters.

The Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Peninsula differ from the rest of the Crimea, each part of which is unique and amazing in its own way. Do not drive past on the highway, to the right and to the left of you - a centuries-old history and real wonders of nature!