Guidelines Guidelines for determining the cost of removal of municipal solid waste. On the determination of standards for the accumulation of solid municipal waste

Accumulation rates - this is the amount of waste generated per unit of account (person - for housing; one place in a hotel; 1 m² retail space for shops and warehouses, etc.) per unit of time (day, year). Accumulation rates are determined in units of mass (kg) or volume (l, m³).

Total solid household waste(MSW) in cities and towns of Russia is about 150 million m³ (30 million tons) per year.

The main factor influencing the solid waste management strategy of any city is the norms of MSW accumulation. Indeed, only having reliable information about the amount of waste accumulating in the city, it is possible to correctly plan the entire chain - collection - transport - disposal and disposal of solid waste.

When choosing a method and technology for neutralization and subsequent disposal, it is necessary to obtain complete information about the morphological and elemental composition and properties of solid waste, including thermal engineering. To resolve the issue of the possibility and expediency of the method of biothermal disposal and processing of solid waste, information is needed on the content organic matter, fertilizer elements, etc.

MSW, included in the accumulation rate from the population and removed by special vehicles, includes waste generated in residential and public buildings (including waste from the current repair of apartments), waste from local heating devices, estimates, fallen leaves collected from yard areas, and large household items in the absence of a specialized bulky waste collection system.

MSW accumulation rates are formed from two sources:

residential buildings;
public institutions and enterprises (catering, educational, entertainment, hotels, kindergartens, etc.).

The accumulation rates and composition of MSW are influenced by factors such as the degree of improvement of the housing stock (availability of garbage chutes, gas, water supply, sewerage, heating systems), number of storeys, type of fuel for local heating, development of public catering, trade culture and, no less important, lifestyle and well-being of the population. In unfurnished residential buildings (with local heating on solid fuel), ash gets into MSW, which dramatically increases the rate of accumulation of MSW.

Also important climatic conditions- different duration of the heating period (from 150 days to southern zone up to 300 days in northern); consumption of vegetables and fruits by the population, etc. For large cities, the savings rates are somewhat higher than for medium-sized and small cities.

When designing waste processing enterprises, sometimes one has to deal with incorrect norms for the accumulation of solid waste, which leads to underloading of the complex put into operation. That is why, it is necessary to take very seriously the need for periodic verification, in each specific region, of the norms for the accumulation of solid waste.

Table 1 shows the approximate norms for the accumulation of solid waste, which are used only for preliminary calculations.

Table 1. Approximate rates of MSW accumulation.

Housing stock classification	MSW accumulation rates for 1 person		Average density kg/m³
Housing stock classification	kg/year	m³ / year	Average density kg/m³
Well-appointed residential buildings	200…280	1,1…1,5	200…220
Liquid waste from impervious cesspools of non-sewer houses	-	2,0…3,25	1000
The general rate of accumulation of solid waste for well-maintained residential and public buildings for cities with a population of more than 100,000 people	260…300	1,3…1,5	190…210

Notes: Well-appointed residential buildings mean houses with gas, central heating, water supply, sewerage

Norms of accumulation of public institutions and enterprises in major cities make up 30 ... 50% of the norms of accumulation of residential buildings.

For Moscow, in accordance with Decree of the Government of Moscow dated January 12, 1999 N 16 (PPM) "On approval of the norms for the accumulation of household waste and bulky waste» the following standards are established:

Standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste per inhabitant of Moscow in the amount of 1.31 m³ (262 kg) per year.

The standard for the generation of bulky waste per inhabitant of Moscow in the amount of 0.37 m³ (77 kg) per year.

Table 2 shows the norms for the accumulation of MSW from enterprises and organizations of Moscow that have been in force since 01.01.99. In cities smaller than Moscow, the rates of solid waste accumulation from enterprises and organizations may be significantly lower. Thus, the data in Table. 3.1 and 3.2 can be used in other cities (not for Moscow) only for approximate calculations, since for different cities accumulation rates vary widely.

It should be noted that the rates of accumulation of solid waste from commercial enterprises, as the number of commercial enterprises in the city grows, decrease. In cities smaller than Moscow, the norms of accumulation of solid waste from enterprises and organizations may also differ significantly.

The actual rates of accumulation of solid waste are determined for each specific city in accordance with "Recommendations on determining the norms for the accumulation of solid waste for the cities of the RSFSR.

The determination of the actual rates of accumulation of MSW is carried out for all seasons of the year. To determine the actual accumulation of MSW generated from the population, select areas with the following number of inhabitants:

in cities with a population of up to 300 thousand people. - plots covering 2% of the population;
in cities with a population of 300 ... 500 thousand people. -one%;
in cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. - 0.5%.

For cultural and everyday objects, at least two of the most characteristic objects are selected. Measurements are carried out within seven days (without a break). The mass of accumulated MSW is determined by regular weighing of all containers loaded into the garbage truck. It is allowed to weigh an empty and full garbage truck and determine the volume of all MSW loaded into the truck. When determining the volume of accumulated MSW, it is necessary to check the degree of filling of containers, for which the material in the container is leveled and the height of the free space above the MSW is measured with a rail. During measurements, compaction of solid waste in the container by the maintenance personnel should be excluded.

The norms for the accumulation of solid waste are put into effect on the basis of the decision of local authorities. It is advisable to update the norms of MSW accumulation every 5 years.

The rate of accumulation of MSW by mass increases within 0.3 ... 0.5% per year, and by volume - 0.5 ... 1.5% per year.

Table 2. MSW accumulation rates from organizations and enterprises in Moscow.

Waste generation facility	Unit of account	Savings rate		Density kg/m³
Waste generation facility	Unit of account	kg/year	m³ / year	Density kg/m³
I. Trade enterprises
grocery store	For 1 m² auction. area	348	1.74	200
supermarket	For 1 m² auction. area	252	1.40	180
Pavilion	For 1 m² auction. area	570	2.85	200
Tray	For 1 trading place	680	3.40	200
Tent, kiosk	For 1 m² auction. area	866	5.09	170
Trading from machines	for 1 trading place	849	5.30	160
Department store	For 1 m² auction. area	139	0.77	180
Household goods	For 1 m² auction. area	206	1.29	160
Supermarket (department store)	For 1 m² auction. area	157	0.87	180
Food markets	For 1 m² auction. area	363	1.21	300
Fairs manufactured goods	For 1 m² auction. area	267	0.99	280
II. Administrative buildings, institutions, offices
research institutes, design institutes and design bureaus	For 1 employee	156	1.42	110
Sberbanks, banks	For 1 employee	75	0.62	120
Post offices	For 1 employee	104	0.95	110
Administrative and other institutions, offices	For 1 employee	131	1.19	110
III. Medical institutions
Pharmacies	For 1 m² auction. area	48	0.44	110
Hospitals	For 1 bed	402	2.01	200
Polyclinics	For 1 visit	12	0.07	170
Sanatoriums, boarding houses	For 1 bed	169	1.00	170
IV. Motor transport enterprises
Auto repair shops	For 1 parking place	46	0.22	210
Gas stations	For 1 parking place	23	0.11	200
Car parks and car parks	For 1 parking place	23	0.11	200
Garages	For 1 parking place	22	0.16	140
V. Preschool and educational establishments
Nurseries, kindergartens	For 1 place	80	0.40	200
Schools, lyceums, vocational schools	Per 1 student	24	0.12	200
Technical schools, universities	For 1 student	22	0.11	200
boarding houses	Per 1 student	215	1.13	190
VI. Household service enterprises
Repair of household, radio and computer technology	Per 1 m² of total area	15	0.07	210
Repair and tailoring	Per 1 m² of total area	23	0.13	180
Dry cleaners and laundries	Per 1 m² of total area	20	0.19	105
Hairdressing and beauty salons	For 1 seat	32	0.23	140
Hotels, hostels	For 1 place	192	1.13	170
Catering establishments (cafes, restaurants, bars, eateries, etc.)	For 1 place	215	1.13	190
VII. Cultural and sports institutions
Clubs, cinemas, concert halls, theaters, libraries	For 1 place	27	0.18	150
Sport. arenas, stadiums	For 1 place	43	0.26	170
VIII. Passenger transport enterprises
Railway and bus stations, airports, river ports	For 1 passenger	145	0.80	180

In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ “On Production and Consumption Waste”, in order to ensure a unified approach to calculating the volume of accumulation of municipal solid waste (hereinafter referred to as MSW) required for collection, removal, disposal and disposal, it is advisable apply the Interim Standards for the Accumulation of Municipal Solid Waste. Temporary standards for solid waste are applied in the absence of draft standards for the formation and limits for the placement of solid waste in accordance with the type of activity of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises.
Temporary standards for the accumulation of solid waste are designed to determine the amount of accumulated waste generated as a result of the activities of the owners (tenants, owners) of non-residential premises in accordance with the type of activity.
The main indicators for determining the Temporary standards for the accumulation of MSW are: the average specific standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste per day (cubic meters), average density (kg / cubic meters).
It is advisable to apply temporary standards for solid waste before the development of a draft standard for the generation of waste and limits on their disposal ( the federal law dated 06/24/1998 N 89-FZ "On production and consumption waste", order of the Ministry natural resources RF dated March 11, 2002 N 115 “On approval Guidelines on the development of draft standards for the generation of waste and limits on their disposal”).
Clarification of the Temporary Standards for MSW must be carried out at least once a year.
The calculation of Temporary norms for the accumulation of MSW is carried out according to the formula:
V = NxUxD,
where:
V - Temporary standard for the accumulation of solid waste per year (cubic meters / year) for 1 non-residential premises in accordance with the type of activity of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants).
N - Estimated coefficient in accordance with the type of activity of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises.
U - The average specific standard for the accumulation of solid waste per day from the activities of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises (cubic meters / day).
D - The actual number of working days of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises per year.

Temporary standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste

No. p / p	Type of activity of the entrepreneur, legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises	Estimated coefficient in accordance with the type of activity of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises	The average specific standard for the accumulation of solid waste per day from the activities of entrepreneurs and legal entities (owners, tenants) of non-residential premises		With a density of kg / cu. m
No. p / p			kg	cube m	With a density of kg / cu. m
1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Trade organizations
1.1	grocery store	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,718	0,00410	175
1.2	supermarket	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,700	0,0410	170
1.3	Pavilion	per 1 sq. m of total area	2,630	0,01600	160
1.4	Tray	1 trading place	2,190	0,01095	200
1.5	Tents, kiosks: newspaper, souvenir, etc.	per 1 sq. m of total area	1,440	0,01110	130
1.6	Trading from machines	1 trading place	2,190	0,01400	160
1.7	Shop of industrial goods	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,400	0,00360	110
1.8	Household goods store	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,400	0,00360	110
1.9	Supermarket (department store)	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,400	0,00360	110
1.10	Markets, warehouses, bases	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,100	0,00100	100
1.11	An organization providing catering services (cafe, restaurant, bar, snack bar, etc.)	per 1 sq. m of total area	1,370	0,00700	200
1.11	Fair	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,100	0,00100	100
2. Medical institutions
2.1	Pharmacy	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,100	0,00080	110
2.2	Hospital	for 1 bed/place	0,630	0,00190	330
2.3	Polyclinic, dispensary	for 1 visit	0,010	0,00004	170
2.4	Sanatorium, boarding houses	for 1 bed/place	1,041	0,00550	190
3. Organizations providing motor transport services
3.1	Car workshop, tire shops, gas stations	for 1 car/place	1,096	0,00540	200
3.3	Parking lot, parking	for 1 car/place	0,0055	0,00030	200
3.4	Garage, parking	for 1 car/place	0,110	0,00550	200
4. Educational institutions
4.1	Preschool educational institution	for 1 child	0,273	0,00270	100
4.2	educational institution	for 1 student	0,050	0,00030	200
4.3	Institution of primary vocational education, secondary vocational education, higher vocational and postgraduate vocational education or other institution carrying out the educational process	for 1 student	0,050	0,00030	190
5. Other organizations
5.1	An organization engaged in the repair of household, radio or computer equipment	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,030	0,00100	220
5.2	Organization that carries out activities for the repair of shoes, clothing	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,273	0,00070	400
5.3	Dry cleaning, laundry	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,027	0,00030	100
5.4	Hairdresser, beauty salon	per 1 sq. m of total area	0,575	0,00400	140
5.5	Hotel	for 1 bed	0,493	0,00300	171
5.6	Hostel	for 1 bed	0,506	0,00300	180
5.7	Bath	for 1 visit	0,100	0,00050	180
5.8	Library, club, cinema, concert	for 1 seat	0,080	0,00050	150
5.9	Sports arena, stadium, casino, slot machine halls, dance halls, boat stations	for 1 seat	0,060	0,00040	150
5.10	Research Institute, Design Institute, Design Bureau	per 1 employee	0,301	0,00270	110
5.11	Credit organisation	per 1 employee	0,273	0,00270	100
5.12	Object of postal communication, organization of communication	per 1 employee	0,273	0,00270	100
5.13	Organization using premises for administrative purposes, exhibition, office, office	per 1 employee	0,273	0,00270	100
5.14	Railway station or bus station, airport, River Station, port	for 1 passenger	0,342	0,00100	250

Estimated coefficients are given without taking into account the collection of bulky waste.
For organizations that do not carry out selective waste collection, a multiplying factor of 1.5 is applied.

The development of human society and its activities are closely related to the emergence of a huge mass of waste and garbage. Production and consumption are growing in proportion to the pace of civilization change, because in recent decades especially acute was such a problem as the accumulation of solid waste. It is estimated that approximately 400 million tons of household waste is generated annually. At the same time, recycling or disposal enterprises cannot cope with the volume of work: for example, in Russia there are 15 plants, but they can neutralize only 6–8% of MSW throughout the country.

In this article you will read:

How the state regulates the accumulation of solid waste.
How in 2019 the calculation of the accumulation of municipal solid waste (MSW) per person is carried out.
How is the calculation of the standard of solid waste for organizations and enterprises.
How should the accumulation of MSW in containers be carried out?

From January 1, 2019

How the state regulates the accumulation of solid waste

To begin with, we will determine the sources of municipal and household waste, mainly these are:

residential buildings;
retail space and catering establishments;
public premises;
recreational activities and the areas in which they are organized (for example, amusement parks, concert halls, sports arenas);
other sources that stimulate the accumulation of MSW.

To control and prevent such incidents, there is SUTBO - a system for managing solid household waste. SUTBO implies the regulation and organization of the collection, transportation, disposal, recycling garbage.

In order to competent system management of the resulting waste was possible, first of all, the determination of the norms of accumulation of solid waste per year for 1 person is carried out. This standard is calculated for residential buildings and varies depending on how well-maintained buildings are taken into account, as this affects the amount of waste generated:

If there is electricity in the room, central heating or gas is used for cooking, then no fuel waste will occur. But at the same time, people will not be able to dispose of used cardboard, paper, etc. by burning them in an oven. Due to this, the average density of debris decreases and its volume increases.
If there is no sewerage in the building, then there is an accumulation of MSW of greater humidity and average density, and their mass also increases. Sewerage makes it possible to dispose of part of the biological waste, which would otherwise lead to wetting of the rest of the debris that forms in the room.

It is also important to take into account the climate and terrain when determining the standard for the accumulation of solid waste, due to the fact that the volume of garbage is affected by the consumption of fruits, herbs and vegetables by residents, the level of landscaping of the settlement, the duration of the cleaning period for sidewalks and adjacent territories, the duration of the heating season.

When setting standards for household waste, the state applies the following principles:

Preservation of the ecological balance of the territory, natural resources, local fauna and vegetation. Compliance with the principles of protecting the life and health of the population of the municipality.
Economic regulation of the volume of solid waste and the load to which specialized landfills are subjected.
The level of technology that allows organizing the processing of waste or non-waste production instead of MSW accumulation.
The ability to comprehensively process those types of human waste, which contain valuable raw materials.
Scientific approach to the economic and environmental conditions of society.
Informing the population and enterprises in the field of regulations and laws governing the handling of household waste.
Compliance with world standards and cooperation with partner countries solving the same environmental problems.

What is a license for the export of solid waste and how to get it in 2018

Calculation of the accumulation of municipal solid waste (MSW)

Normative units are made up of the following parameters:

type of raw materials used in the industry of the settlement;
the size of the area to be cleaned;
distances to the landfill or enterprises for the disposal and maintenance of the necessary transport;
indicators communal organizations per capita;
placement of social enterprises.

In Russia, recommendations for determining the norms for the accumulation of solid waste, as well as restrictions for residential and industrial facilities, are determined by law. As a component of state policy, laws and recommendations are developed in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological standards and environmental principles.

To form a representative sample when determining the standard for the accumulation of solid waste, measurements are carried out on the following groups of the population:

2% of residents - in towns and cities with a population of less than 300 thousand people;
1% - in settlements where up to half a million people live;
0.5% - in cities with a population of less than a million inhabitants.

To measure the mass of household waste in cultural organizations weekly observations are carried out for 2-3 city objects.

Municipal authorities organize measurements and, based on the results, prepare a resolution on the norms for the accumulation of solid waste. Also in their area of responsibility are the collection, transportation and storage of household waste. As a rule, measurements are carried out at intervals of five years. According to statistics, the volume of solid waste annually increases by 0.5–1%.

In addition to the main document called “Recommendations for Determining Standards for Solid Waste Generation for the RSFSR”, the norms for the accumulation of solid waste from organizations and enterprises are formulated and determined by various orders, resolutions and official appeals.

For example, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the following allowable norms for the accumulation of MSW in Moscow in 2017:

The mass of consumable bulky waste should not exceed 80 kg per year, and the volume - 0.40 m³.
One citizen in the capital annually accumulates no more than 260 kilograms of household waste (or no more than 1.30 m³).

It is important to pay attention to the fact that the rate of accumulation of MSW industrial premises or organizations is inversely proportional to the number commercial enterprises in the locality.

To measure the mass of accumulated waste in residential buildings or enterprises, a simple weighing of all the waste that is loaded into a garbage truck or container is used.

Measurement of actually accumulated household waste for both public, commercial and residential facilities is carried out for each season separately. The norms for a region or region are determined by measurements in the largest cities in the region.

Payment for the removal of municipal solid waste: the provision and calculation of a new utility service

What is the rate of accumulation of MSW per person

Accumulation rates mean the mass (measured in kilograms) or volume (in liters or cubic meters) of generated household waste per selected unit of account: per person, hotel room, square meter of retail space and warehouses, per year, month or day.

The accumulation rates of MSW and LGM (large-sized waste) are determined in two areas:

public buildings (educational premises, catering, hotels, entertainment centers etc.);
residential buildings.

Calculation of MSW accumulation rates requires taking into account the following factors:

number of floors in buildings;
livability of urban housing stock (central heating, gas pipeline, electricity, sewer communications);
the level of catering;
type of fuel used for space heating;
welfare of residents;
the development of the trade sector;
local climate and duration of the heating season;
the use of plant products.

In large cities, the standard of MSW accumulation for the population is, as a rule, higher than in less densely populated formations.

Tables 1.1 and 1.2 show aggregated standards for the generation of municipal solid waste that can be used for forecasting. Table 1.1 looks at various residential properties, while Table 1.2 looks at public spaces in large cities.

Please note that this information should only be used as indicative norms for the accumulation of solid waste, since depending on the locality and region, the actual and standard indicators vary significantly.

Tab. 1.1	MSW accumulation standard for 1 person	Average density of garbage, kg / m 3 *
Tab. 1.1		Average density of garbage, kg / m 3 *
Housing stock
Well-appointed houses:
excluding food waste
excluding food waste
including food waste
Unfurnished buildings:
without separation of food waste
liquid waste from pit latrines near houses without a sewer system
General indicators for the generation of household waste for well-maintained residential and public facilities in cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants
The same indicators taking into account tenants of premises
Note. Well-maintained residential facilities - houses with heating and sewer systems, gas and water supply. Unfurnished houses - buildings without sewerage, using solid fuel for heating.* Public facilities - educational institutions, catering establishments, shopping areas, entertainment facilities, sports complexes and arenas.

As already mentioned, to determine the rate of accumulation of solid waste from organizations and enterprises, two or three public facilities are selected, where measurements are taken during the calendar week for each season.

At the same time, during the weighing of containers and garbage trucks filled with garbage, pay attention to the filling of the machine. For this purpose, the loaded waste is leveled, and the free space is measured along the rail. It is important that during this procedure MSW is not intentionally compacted inside the container.

Table 1.2 presents indicative norms for the accumulation of solid waste for trade, entertainment and other public buildings:

	Waste generation rate		Garbage density, kg / m 3
	Average for the year	Average per day

One hotel bed
One place in preschool education institutions
The standard for the accumulation of solid waste per person in secondary, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions
One seat in cinemas and theaters
Generation of household waste per employee of the enterprise
Per square meter of department store
Per square meter of grocery store
Per square meter of market area
For one place in a rest home, boarding house, sanatorium
Per square meter railway, bus station, airport

It is also worth paying attention to the methodological recommendations for determining the standards for the accumulation of solid waste (material for download).

What you need to know about the accumulation of solid waste in residential buildings and social facilities

MSW accumulation rates for stores, residential and other urban structures determine the mass or volume of household waste that is generated for the temporary unit adopted for the calculation. Based on this, the norms are measured in cubic meters or kilograms of garbage.

The accumulation of household waste is determined separately:

for housing facilities;
cultural, community, public, industrial and other buildings and enterprises of the city.

The standard of MSW accumulation for the population is determined for the following types garbage:

Leftovers and various packaging, plastic and glass containers, broken dishes, furniture fragments, metal debris, worn-out wardrobe items, home textiles, newspapers and other waste paper, litter and dust collected during cleaning.
Construction waste generated during renovation: wood chips, broken tiles, fragments of coatings.
Ash, ashes, slag, charred fuel residues - for houses using stoves for heating.
Garbage collected in the territory near the house.

Also the standards for the accumulation of solid waste for the population are determined in the following cases:

the release of large debris - plumbing, old furniture, Christmas trees;
trimming bushes and trees in the local area;
overhaul or dismantling of large structures;
autumn leaf fall;
maintenance of livestock (in this situation, the calculation is carried out per unit of livestock).

The official documentation that establishes the standard for the accumulation of solid waste per person determines the factors that are significant for the amount of generated waste: the level of amenities of both public facilities and housing stock; number of storeys of buildings; economic well-being of a settlement or region; duration of the heating period; the culture of consumption adopted in the region. In this regard, higher standards are set for capitals and large cities.

In the Russian Federation, 70% of the MSW accumulation rate for the population in 2017 occurs in the residential sector, a quarter of the total mass of waste generated is accounted for by organizations social sphere, and the remaining 5% is the waste of the functioning of the infrastructure. Based on this pattern, the average annual rate of MSW accumulation is determined separately for each category.

As an illustration, consider the following regularities: on average, one person living in an apartment building with all amenities accounts for from 200 to 260 kilograms of garbage annually. Considering the areas and types of activities, the same standard for the organization will be only 30-60% of this amount. But in reality it is impossible to determine even the spread of numbers as a single indicator throughout the state. The reason for this, for example, is the increase in the volume of MSW in resort cities in the summer months or the need to remove ice and snow in settlements located in the north of the country. As a result, the regions develop their own recommendations on the norms of MSW accumulation.

Weighing generated household waste is the only way to obtain objective indicators for the formation of standards. Depending on the size of the city, the commission determines the area, the number of inhabitants of which is 0.5-2% of the total population, and labels the garbage containers. In each of the seasons, the mass of these containers is determined during the week. At the same time, it is extremely important that the contents are not allowed to be compacted artificially. The obtained indicators form the basis of the standards and are adjusted every five years.

Level social development influences the coordination of MSW and industrial waste management. The more high-quality and proven mechanisms will be applied in the field of waste rationing, the more efficient will be the operation of landfills, landfills and recycling facilities. And this should lead to an improvement in the environmental situation and make our world cleaner and healthier.

MSW management and main problems on the way to its optimization

MSW accumulation rate for organizations

According to Russian legislation normative indicators for manufacturing enterprises must necessarily take into account the permissible concentration of substances and waste in order to prevent negative consequences for environment. And although the really working norms for the accumulation of solid waste from organizations and enterprises are set by regional authorities, the limits for them are determined at the level of the government of the state.

Until recently, all organizations, without exception, were required to maintain documentation related to the formation of garbage on their territory, as well as the development of waste management projects. Now medium and small businesses have been released from this obligation, which greatly simplifies the work with the norms of accumulation of solid waste for legal entities and saves them some of the money. Now such enterprises pay for the burial of their garbage at landfills, and the fee received is reduced. negative impact on the environment.

However, large industries are still required to adjust their waste management projects annually. This documentation is usually prepared by independent organizations or special environmental departments. The project includes:

determination of the maximum allowable volume of solid waste;
economically justified waste in all areas of activity, as well as available ways waste disposal;
approval of norms for the accumulation of solid waste in the company, taking into account production capacity, areas, hazard class, etc.

Any such project must also contain all unique features enterprises: technical equipment for disinfection hazardous waste, the number of sites for waste storage, the level of equipment available on them, the possibility of storing solid waste at specialized sites of other facilities. All waste collection sites are subject to Federal Service on supervision in the field of nature management.

To calculate the standard indicators, ready-made formulas are used, which are divided into two main types:

those that determine the norms for the accumulation of solid waste from organizations and enterprises per unit of manufactured product (here, the volume of output during the year becomes significant);
those that allow you to calculate the renewal and repair of equipment based on the relationship between the amount of production waste and the duration of operation.

If complex waste is generated at the enterprise, then to determine the standards, they turn to the experience of the entire industry, to experiments and statistical indicators.

Solid waste landfill: an effective measure to get rid of garbage or environmental pollution

When all the standards are set and the documents are ready, the organization transfers the project to the division of Rosprirodnadzor, where the regulation of the standard takes place.

Accumulation of MSW in containers and other garbage collection methods

Regardless of which territories in question(sports, recreational or educational institutions, commercial and industrial areas, residential sector or public buildings), one of the following schemes is used to collect and destroy household waste:

Garbage collection without containers

This refers to the method of collecting household waste, in which there are no garbage cans in the adjacent territories and there is no way to provide the territory with them. In this case, special equipment arrives at the building on schedule, and the residents take out the garbage on their own at that very moment. Since the accumulation of MSW does not always occur in accordance with the schedule, and residents may not be able to meet the car in the yard, the main disadvantage of this scheme is the formation of garbage heaps and spontaneous dumps in areas without storage containers.

Using storage non-removable containers

In contrast to the previous method, this is the most popular household waste collection option. As a rule, next to the buildings there are sites with plastic or metal garbage cans. In order to free the containers, once in a set period, a truck with the possibility of front or side loading arrives. The advantage of this method is that citizens can take out their garbage at any time, which protects the territory from the appearance of spontaneous dumps. But, unfortunately, the method has several important drawbacks: the accumulation of solid waste in open tanks, the spilling of part of the contents during loading into a garbage truck, and the lack of regular washing of containers make the method practically unsanitary.

Use of interchangeable containers

The most hygienic, sanitary acceptable, but also the most expensive method is to replace the trash cans. In this case, bunker trucks are involved in the removal from the local area, which load containers with all the collected household waste, and empty bins brought from cleaning and processing are put in their place. This scheme allows you to keep the area clean, gives residents the opportunity to take out the garbage at any convenient time, and also guarantees the satisfactory condition of the sanitary site. However, due to the cost this scheme removal of solid waste is not used everywhere in Russia.

SanPiN: MSW accumulation standards

AT sanitary rules and norms establish indicators and rules regarding the generated waste. For example, for the collection and accumulation of MSW, it is obligatory external conditions, protecting garbage from decomposition, therefore, various allowable periods for its storage in different seasons(in winter it is no more than three days; in summer, during the hot period, it is only one day). However, local authorities are authorized to independently determine the frequency of collection and removal of household waste in different areas of the settlement.

Some rules on the conditions for the accumulation of solid waste, approved by SanPiN:

It is forbidden to take out the garbage from the storage containers for its use as a recyclable material.
Sanitary site for waste collection, tanks should be located no closer than 20 meters from the living quarters.
If the residential complex is run by a certain company or organization, then once a week it must remove waste from the territory.
Metal containers for the accumulation of MSW must be without fail meet the established standard.
Washing and sanitization of waste bins cannot be carried out less than once every ten days.
The garbage collection room and the garbage chute must comply with the Departmental Building Code (VSN 8-72) "Guidelines for the design of garbage chutes in residential and public buildings."
In residential buildings with a height of more than four floors, according to the latest rules, it is mandatory to install garbage chutes for organized collection and accumulation of MSW.

All of the above rules are obligatory for execution in accordance with the approved SanPiNs. Violation of any of them may result in punishment and a fine in accordance with Russian law.

Who is responsible for the removal of garbage, so that there is no excessive accumulation of solid waste

In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, owners in multi-apartment residential buildings must also ensure the maintenance of common property, which includes garbage cans. Usually, the problem of maintenance and emptying of storage containers is solved through homeowners' associations or other associations engaged in search and contracts with a company that organizes the removal of solid waste. However, any of the owners has the right to independently decide who and when will pick up the garbage from his apartment.

At the same time, the situation with the accumulation of MSW in private sectors, for example, in cottages, is much more complicated. First, by law, the owners of individual houses are not required to sign an agreement with a contractor who will deal with their household waste. Therefore, many simply take out the waste to the city dump on their own. Secondly, if the owner of the cottage wants to take out the garbage in the street tank, then he will have to conclude a contract. Thirdly, the sanitary condition of houses and adjacent territories is one of the issues dealt with by local governments, which means that a homeowner may face administrative liability and other troubles for pollution. And, fourthly, sometimes the absence of an agreement with a waste disposal company can be regarded as pollution.

Not only the norms of solid waste accumulation for legal entities become a problem, but also the organization of garbage collection from offices, shops and other premises. Entrepreneurs can also choose one of two ways to dispose of household waste: collecting and delivering it to landfills on their own, or contracting a service from a company specializing in this. But things get complicated when municipality introduces its own requirements for sanitary conditions for legal entities. Then the city may require all businesses to sign a contract for waste collection. The only loophole in this case is the opportunity to issue an appropriate license and become a company serving the collection, removal and accumulation of solid waste.

For the execution and signing of documents for the removal of household waste, lawyers of the HOA are involved, management company and the company that will serve the apartment building. To draw up a competent contract, you should pay attention to the following information:

full names or legal names of the parties;
the address of the structure or premises that needs service;
the mass of garbage that will have to be taken away at a time;
MSW collection schedule (may be specified in a clause of the contract or drawn up as a separate annex to the document);
tariffs, cost and frequency of payment for services;
rights and obligations of the customer and contractor, measures of liability for breach of contract.

Since the accumulation of solid waste can occur at the enterprise different types, the contract may include a list of waste that the contractor will not deal with, for example: lamps and thermometers containing mercury (such garbage is strictly forbidden to be thrown into ordinary tanks, specialists are engaged in its disposal), large-sized or construction waste, foliage and cut branches.

It is important to say that the agreement signed with the waste disposal organization is public, in other words: the contractor, if he has all the technical resources for the removal of solid waste, must agree to the provision of the service and sign an agreement with any customer who applied. On the one hand, this may complicate the functioning of waste collection companies, but, on the other hand, it gives carte blanche to determine uniform contract terms for all customers in advance (except for certain preferential categories). So the customer problem-solving accumulation of MSW on its territory, most likely, will not be able to get more favorable conditions for itself, it will either have to agree to the existing offer, or try to find another contractor.

The contract for garbage collection is usually signed in printed form. According to Russian law, this does not have to be an agreement of the parties; it can be formalized as an accession agreement (Article 428 Civil Code): if the waste disposal company has defined the terms of cooperation, then the receipts or other documents received by the customer confirming the provision of services record its relationship with the contractor.

The state establishes not only various kinds of rules and average annual norms for the accumulation of solid waste, but also requires all organizations that dispose of waste to be licensed. Therefore, it is extremely important to check the license of the company that takes out your garbage.

It is also worth noting that the laws of the Russian Federation affirm the principle of freedom of contract, which means the freedom of the customer to choose the organization to which he is ready to entrust the collection and disposal of his household waste. Despite this, often local authorities not only create municipal unitary enterprises, engaged in waste disposal, but also insist on concluding contracts with these companies. This is a frequent requirement for by and large is illegal. And since the administration cannot prohibit the creation of licensed private waste disposal companies, the customer always has a choice.

Due to the fact that the accumulation of MSW in the residential sector occurs with different intensity, the amount of the collection fee can be calculated in different ways:

based on the number of residents;
based on the total floor area.

The latter option can be confusing, since there is no connection between the size of the apartment and the formation of garbage on its territory - after all, it appears as a result of human activity, and not square meter. But the existence of this method is explained in the Housing Code: the homeowner is also obliged to maintain a part of the common house property (it includes both tanks for the accumulation of solid waste and garbage chutes), and the size of the share for which he is responsible is determined by the size of the living space. The second reason for the spread of this method of calculation is simplicity: the size of the apartments in the house does not change, but the number of residents can fluctuate significantly even during the year.

In the private sector, the situation is different: the tariffs for the operation of a garbage truck and waste disposal are determined by the contractor.

There are situations when the garbage company begins to demand an additional fee for the services provided, for example, for waste disposal, while only transportation was ordered. If we turn to the law "On Protection of Consumer Rights", it becomes clear that such requirements are illegal, since without the official consent of the client, the contractor cannot provide paid services other than those specified in the contract. Another valuable clarification here is that the accumulation of solid waste in the residential sector does not pose such an environmental threat as, for example, industrial waste, and therefore homeowners should organize only garbage collection, and recycling is not their responsibility.

Accumulation of MSW and their disposal

Currently, there are several main ways to dispose of household waste. They are recycled, burned or buried and stored at specially organized landfills.

The accumulation of MSW may become less environmental problem if all recyclable raw materials are used as a resource. And this is from 40 to 50% of the total mass of household waste:

any metal objects;
waste paper;
polymers;
glass products;
textiles and yarn;
asphalt;
car tires and tyres;
biological agricultural and household waste.

All of these types of waste can be useful as recyclable materials if they are sent for recycling.

Waste disposal

Today, it is the most popular waste disposal method worldwide. Those wastes that cannot be burned and that burn with the release of hazardous substances are subject to burial.

The accumulation of MSW and their disposal at landfills are considered a relatively environmentally friendly way, since landfills that meet all the requirements are high-tech facilities that can prevent groundwater and air pollution, and with a number of developments, even convert gases from decay into thermal energy. Such engineering solutions are relatively safe, but, unfortunately, landfills of this level are mainly owned by European states.

Therefore, in Russia, the issue of classical waste disposal is still acute, since all negative consequences accumulation of solid waste in one area is not prevented even by filtration and purification systems. Fermentation, decomposition and putrefaction of waste products often lead to pollution. So, despite the prevalence and availability of this method of disposal, environmentalists insist on promoting the recycling of the maximum amount of solid waste.

Garbage composting

This is a method of neutralization and subsequent processing of certain types of household, agricultural, and sometimes industrial waste subject to biodegradation. Therefore, composting is most often used to prevent the accumulation of MSW. organic origin. The collected garbage is neutralized by destroying pathogenic microorganisms, and then processed into fertilizer.

Most often, composting is done by private sector homeowners or gardeners themselves, as the end product can be useful to meet agricultural needs. However, MSW composting as a method of disposal can be organized centrally and carried out by special enterprises for the processing of organic waste. AT this moment in Russia, this approach to the problem of MSW accumulation is not very common.

Thermal processing of waste (MSW)

Household waste, as a rule, largely consists of waste of organic origin, therefore, thermal treatment is possible for its processing. The method of heat treatment of MSW affects their mass and total volume, helps to decontaminate the resulting garbage and even obtain inert materials and a variety of energy sources.

Thermal processing of MSW has the following advantages:

pathogenic microorganisms do not survive in the created conditions;
the amount of garbage collected is sometimes reduced by almost 10 times;
the accumulation of solid waste can be beneficial due to the energy potential.

The most common method of thermal disposal and recycling of waste is banal incineration. Reasons for its popularity:

the most proven technology;
release necessary equipment put on stream;
process automation;
long service life of the equipment.

Thermal utilization technologies are developing, and now there is a transition from simple waste incineration to the production of a fuel fraction from garbage and further optimized combustion with the formation of heat or electricity. Also, the solution of the problem of MSW accumulation is significantly affected by the use of plasma technology, which makes it possible to increase the temperature of waste processing and obtain a disinfected vitrified residue from it.

Plasma recycling of waste (MSW)

This method is also called plasma gasification or high-temperature pyrolysis of municipal solid waste. In general terms, this recycling scheme is reduced to the processing of the biological fraction of garbage with the help of especially high temperatures into gas, which is converted into electricity or steam.

Pyrolysis in solving the problem of MSW accumulation and their subsequent destruction can play a big role, since it is environmentally friendly. clean method processing that does not require special preparation of waste for disposal (no need to sort, dry garbage separately, etc.). At the same time, plasma gasification not only effectively disinfects and treats MSW, leaves a harmless slag at the outlet, suitable for further use, but also does not cost too much for enterprises engaged in waste disposal.

Expert opinion

The accumulation of solid waste and their subsequent disposal is a task that can be solved on our own

Denis Dorofeev,

Head of Polymer Recycling Department at Oskolplast Plant

Our company cooperates with local and foreign enterprises that consider environmental responsibility as one of their priorities. For these partners, it is fundamentally important that the raw materials received from us be the result of recycling, therefore Oskolplast set out to obtain high-quality secondary materials. But, unfortunately, the purchase from third-party companies involved in the accumulation of solid waste and their processing may not meet expectations, since many enterprises do not even comply with minimum requirements to the process (for example, do not wash raw materials). And this is fraught with the fact that the percentage of defective products during casting increases, and the tooling wears out and requires more frequent depreciation. Also, the problem of purchasing secondary products rests on the fact that not every supplier can provide our plant with the required amount of raw materials on time.

organize the same own enterprise for the processing of MSW is quite difficult and costs big money. Regardless of what the company specializes in: waste paper, textiles, metal waste, plastic or anything else. First, a regular source of the right type of waste is required. Secondly, the solution of all legal issues. Thirdly, the premises for the plant should be large, have high ceilings, be located in the industrial area, but next to the sewer. Fourthly, the enterprise will certainly need additional energetic resources and a source of water.

Despite the fact that the problem of MSW accumulation is quite acute and the society needs processing plants, it will not be easy to solve even personnel problems. It is very difficult to find specialists in this field, but they must be highly qualified engineers, electricians, etc.

MSW accumulation rates - the amount of solid household waste generated per unit of account (housing stock - 1 person or 1 place in a hotel; shops and warehouses - 1 sq.m. of retail space) per unit of time (day, year).

Accumulation rates are measured in units of kg or l, cubic meters.

On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the total volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) is about 150 million tons. cubic meters or 30 million tons per year.

The main factor influencing the solid waste management strategy of any city is the norms of MSW accumulation. Reliable information on the amount of waste accumulated in the city allows planning the entire technological chain - collection - transport - disposal and disposal of solid waste.

MSW accumulation rates are formed from two sources:

residential buildings;
institutions and public enterprises
(catering, educational, entertainment, hotels,
kindergartens, etc.).

The accumulation rates and composition of MSW are influenced by factors such as the degree of improvement of the housing stock (availability of garbage chutes, gas, water supply, sewerage, heating systems), number of storeys, type of fuel for local heating, development of public catering, trade culture and, no less important, lifestyle and well-being of the population.
In unfurnished residential buildings (with local heating on solid fuel), ash gets into MSW, which dramatically increases the rate of accumulation of MSW.

Climatic conditions are also important - different duration of the heating period (from 150 days in the southern zone to 300 days in the northern zone); consumption of vegetables and fruits by the population, etc. For large cities, the savings rates are somewhat higher than for medium-sized and small cities.

Table 1. Approximate rates of MSW accumulation

Well-appointed residential buildings mean houses with gas, central heating, water supply, sewerage.

The accumulation rates of public institutions and enterprises in large cities are 30 ... 50% of the accumulation rates of residential buildings.

For Moscow, in accordance with Decree of the Government of Moscow dated January 12, 1999 N 16 (PPM) “On approval of the norms for the accumulation of household waste and bulky waste”, the following norms are established:
The standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste per
a resident of Moscow in the amount of 1.31 m3 (262 kg) per year.
The standard for the generation of bulky waste per
a resident of Moscow in the amount of 0.37 m3 (77 kg) per year.

Table 2 shows the norms for the accumulation of MSW from enterprises and organizations of Moscow that have been in force since 01.01.99. In cities smaller than Moscow, the rates of solid waste accumulation from enterprises and organizations may be significantly lower.
Thus, the data in Table. 3.1 and 3.2 can be used in other cities (not for Moscow) only for approximate calculations, since for different cities the accumulation rates vary widely.

It should be noted that the rates of accumulation of solid waste from commercial enterprises, as the number of commercial enterprises in the city grows, decrease.

In cities smaller than Moscow, the norms of accumulation of solid waste from enterprises and organizations may also differ significantly.

The actual rates of accumulation of solid waste are determined for each specific city in accordance with the "Recommendations for determining the rates of accumulation of solid waste for cities of the RSFSR".

in cities with a population of up to 300 thousand people. - areas with
coverage of 2% of the population;
in cities with a population of 300 ... 500 thousand people. -one %;
in cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. - 0.5%.

The norms for the accumulation of solid waste are put into effect on the basis of the decision of local authorities. It is advisable to update the norms of MSW accumulation every 5 years.

The MSW accumulation rate by mass increases within 0.3 ... 0.5% per year, and by volume - 0.5 ... 1.5% per year.

Table 2. MSW accumulation rates from organizations and enterprises in Moscow

Waste generation facility	Unit of account	Savings rate		Density kg / m 3
Waste generation facility	Unit of account	kg/year	m 3 / year	Density kg / m 3
I. Trade enterprises
grocery store	For 1 m 2 auction. area	348	1,74	200
supermarket	For 1 m 2 auction. area	252	1,40	180
Pavilion	For 1 m 2 auction. area	570	2,85	200
Tray	For 1 trading place	680	3,40	200
Tent, kiosk	For 1 m 2 auction. area	866	5,09	170
Trading from machines	for 1 trading place	849	5,30	160
Department store	For 1 m 2 auction. area	139	0,77	180
Household goods	For 1 m 2 auction. area	206	1,29	160
Supermarket (department store)	For 1 m 2 auction. area	157	0,87	180
Food markets	For 1 m 2 auction. area	363	1,21	300
Fairs manufactured goods	For 1 m 2 auction. area	276	0,99	280
II. Administrative buildings, institutions, offices
Research institutes, design institutes and design bureaus	For 1 employee	156	1,42	110
Sberbanks, banks	For 1 employee	75	0,62	120
Post offices	For 1 employee	104	0,95	110
Administrative and other institutions, offices	For 1 employee	131	1,19	110
III. Medical institutions
Pharmacies	For 1 m 2 auction. area	48	0,44	110
Hospitals	For 1 bed	402	2,01	200
Polyclinics	For 1 visit	12	0,07	170
Sanatoriums, boarding houses	For 1 bed	169	1,00	170
IV. Motor transport enterprises
Auto repair shops	For 1 parking place	46	0,22	210
Gas stations	For 1 parking place	23	0,11	200
Car parks and car parks	For 1 parking place	23	0,11	200
Garages	For 1 parking place	22	0,16	140
V. Preschool and educational institutions
Nurseries, kindergartens	For 1 place	80	0,40	200
Schools, lyceums, vocational schools	Per 1 student	24	0,12	200
Technical schools, universities	For 1 student	22	0,11	200
boarding houses	Per 1 student	215	1,13	190
VI. Household service enterprises
Repair of household, radio and computer equipment	Per 1 m 2 of total area	15	0,07	210
Repair and tailoring	Per 1 m 2 of total area	23	0,13	180
Dry cleaners and laundries	Per 1 m 2 of total area	20	0,19	105
Hairdressing and beauty salons	For 1 seat	32	0,23	140
Hotels, hostels	For 1 place	192	1,13	170
Catering establishments (cafes, restaurants, bars, eateries, etc.)	For 1 place	215	1,13	190
VII. Cultural and sports institutions
Clubs, cinemas, concert halls, theaters, libraries	For 1 place	27	0,18	150
Sport. arenas, stadiums	For 1 place	43	0,26	170
VIII. Passenger companies transport
Railway and bus stations, airports, river ports	For 1 passenger	145	0,80	180

In order to streamline settlements with organizations and enterprises for services for the collection, removal and disposal of household waste:

1. Approve from 01.01.99 the norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste from enterprises and organizations in Moscow in accordance with the appendix.

2. Housing organizations of the city when concluding contracts for the collection, removal and neutralization solid waste be strictly guided by the approved accumulation norms (clause 1).

3. To impose control over the implementation of this order on the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of Moscow Nikolsky B.V.

Prime Minister of the Government of Moscow Yu.M. Luzhkov

STANDARDS FOR ACCUMULATION OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE FROM ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS OF MOSCOW

┌───┬──────────────────────────────────────────────── ─────┬─────────────┐ │N │Name of the object │Average annual rate│At density│ │p/n│ │waste accumulation │kg/cub. m │ │ │ │ unit measurements meas.│ kg │ cu. m ────────┼──────────────┤ │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5 │ ├───┴──────────── ───────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────── ───┤ │ I. Trade enterprises │ ├───┬──────────────────────────────┬───── ─────┬─────────┬──────────────┤ │1. │Grocery store │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 sq. m of retail space) │ 348 │ 1.74 │ 200 │ ├──────────────────────────────────────────────── 2. │ Supermarket (per 1 sq. m │ │ │ │ │ │ retail space) │ 252 │ 1.40 │ 180 │ ├─────────────────── 3. │Pavilion (per 1 sq. m of retail │ │ │ │ │ │ area) │ 570 │ 2.85 │ 200 4. │Tray (per 1 trading place) │ 680 │ 3.40 │ 200 │ ├───┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5. │Tent, kiosk (per 1 sq. m │ │ │ │ │ │ trading area) 6 . │Trade from cars │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 trading place) │ 849 │ 5.30 │ 160 │ ├───┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7. │Manufactured goods store │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 sq. m of retail space) │ 139 │ 0.77 │ 180 │ 8. │ Household goods (per 1 sq. m of retail space) │ 206 │ 1.29 │ 160 │ ├────────────────── 9. │Supermarket (department store) │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 sq. m of retail space) │ 157 │ 0.87 │ 180 │ ├───┼────────────────────────────────── ───────────────┼──────────┼──────────────────────────┤ │ 10.│Food markets │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 sq. m of total area) │ 363 │ 1.21 │ 300 │ ───────────────┼──────────┼──────────────────────────┤ │ 11.│Manufactured goods fairs │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 sq. m of total area) │ 276 │ 0.99 │ 280 │ ├───┴──────────────────────────────────── ──────────────┴──────────┴──────────────────────────┤ │ II. Administrative buildings, institutions, offices ──┬─────────┬─────────────┤ │ 1.│Scientific and research, │ │ │ │ │ │ design institutes and │ │ │ │ │ │ design bureaus │ │ │ │ │ │ (per 1 employee) │ 156 │ 1.42 │ 110 │ ├───┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2. │Savings banks, banks │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 employee) │ 75 │ 0.62 │ 120 │ ├───┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────────┤ │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 employee) │ 104 │ 0.95 │ 110 │ ├───┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────────┤ │ 4.│Administrative and other │ │ │ │ │ │ institutions, offices │ │ │ │ │ │ (per 1 employee) │ 131 │ 1.19 │ 110 │ ├───┴─────────────────────────────────────── III. Medical institutions Pharmacies 110 ───────┼──────────────┤ │ 2.│Hospitals (per 1 bed) │ 402 │ 2.01 │ 200 │ ├───┼──── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────┼─── ──────────┤ │ 3.│Polyclinics (per 1 visit) │ 12 │ 0.07 │ 170 │ ├───┼───────────────── ──────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤ │ 4.│Sanatoriums, boarding houses │ │ │ │ │ │(for 1 bed) │ 169 │ 1.00 │ 170 │ ├───┴─────────────────────────────────────── IV. Motor transport companies ────────┬──────────────┤ │ 1.│Auto repair shops (for 1 car - │ │ │ │ │ │place) │ 46 │ 0.22 │ 210 │ ├───┼───────────────────────────────────────────┼───── ─────┼─────────────┤ │ 2.│Gas stations │ │ │ │ │ │(for 1 car seat) │ 23 │ 0.11 │ 200 │ ├─ ──┼───────────────────────────────────────────────── ───┼─────────────┤ │ 3.│Parking lots and parking lots │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 car seat) │ 23 │ 0.11 │ 200 │ ├─── ─┼────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──┼─────────────┤ │ 4.│Garages (for 1 car place) │ 22 │ 0.16 │ 140 │ ├───┴──────── ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───────┤ │ V. Pre-school and educational institutions │ │ │ │ No longer valid. - Order of the Government of Moscow │ │ dated 15.08.2002 N 1197-RP. │ ├─────────────────────────────────────────────── ─────────────────────┤ │ VI. Household service enterprises ─────────┬─────────────┤ │ 1.│ Repair of household, radio and │ │ │ │ │ │ computer equipment │ │ │ │ │ │ (on 1 sq. m of total area) │ 15 │ 0.07 │ 210 │ ├───┼───────────────────────────── ─┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────────┤ │ 2.│Repair and tailoring │ │ │ │ │ │ (per 1 sq. m of total area) │ 23 │ 0.13 │ 180 │ ├───┼─────────────────────────── ───┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────────┤ │ 3.│Dry cleaners and laundromats │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 sq. m of total area) │ 20 │ 0.19 │ 105 │ ├───┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. │Hairdressing and cosmetics│ │ │ │ │ │salon (for 1 seat)│ 32 │ 0.23 │ 140 │ ├────────────────────────────────────── ───────────┼──────────┼─────────┼───────────────┤ │ 5.│ Hotels (for 1 place) │ 192 │ 1.13 170 │ ├───┼───────────────────────────── ┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────────┤ │ 6.│ Dormitories (for 1 place) │ 215 │ 1, 13 190 │ ├───┼─────────────────────────────────────────┼ ────────┼─────────────┤ │ 7.│Public │ │ │ │ │ │food (cafes, restaurants, │ │ │ │ │ │bars, snack bars, etc.) │ │ │ │ │ │ (for 1 place) │ 307 │ 0.73 │ 420 │ ├───┴─────────────────────────────────────── VII. Cultural and sports institutions ┬─────────┬─────────────┤ │ 1.│Clubs, cinemas, concert halls, theaters, libraries │ │ │ │ │ │(for 1st place) │ 27 │ 0.18 │ 150 │ ├───┼────────────────────────────── ┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────────┤ │ 2.│Sports arenas, stadiums 1st place) │ 43 │ 0.26 │ 170 │ ├───┴─────────────────────────────── ────────┴──────────┴──────────────────────┤ │ │ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ────┤ │ │Railway and bus stations,│ │ │ │ │ │airports, river ports │ │ │ │ │ │(per 1 passenger) │ 145 │──── 0.80 │ 180 │ └ ───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────┴─── ───────────┘

Decree of the head of the Volokolamsk region of the Moscow Region of October 30, 2002 N 1142 On changing the norms for the accumulation of household waste per inhabitant of the Volokolamsk region" "Differentiated norms for the accumulation of household waste in residential buildings)
Decree of the head of the Leninsky municipal district of the Moscow Region of November 3, 2010 N 193 On the abolition of the decision of the head of the Leninsky municipal district of the Moscow Region dated 23.01.2008 N 4 "On approval of the norms for the accumulation of solid household, liquid household waste, bulky waste and measures to improve the sanitary cleaning of the territory of the Leninsky municipal district"
Decree of the head of the city of Serpukhov MO dated 10.01.2002 N 11 On the standards for the accumulation of solid household waste; housing rates ( Maintenance, maintenance and repair of housing stock), removal and disposal of solid household waste and calculation of housing subsidies
Decision of the Council of Deputies of the city district Krasnoznamensk MO dated May 31, 2013 N 95/6 On approval of the norms for the accumulation of solid household waste from housing stock and social and cultural facilities, institutions, organizations and enterprises in the territory of the urban district of Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Region
Decree of the administration of the urban district of Fryazino MO dated 19.05.2011 N 277 On the invalidation of the resolution of the head of the city of 28.04.2008 N 289 "On approval of the norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste and bulky waste (MSW and KGM) for enterprises and organizations of the city of Fryazino"
Decree of the head of the Zaraisky municipal district of the Moscow Region of July 30, 2010 N 1135/7 On amendments to the resolution of the head of the Zaraisky municipal district dated 04.07.2007 N 582/7 "On approval of the norms for the accumulation of solid household and bulky waste from housing facilities, enterprises and organizations of the Zaraisky municipal district"
Decree of the head of the urban district of Serpukhov MO dated December 24, 2008 N 2450 About modification of the resolution of the head of the city of 10/15/2007 N 2233 "About the approval of norms of accumulation of firm household and bulky waste from objects of housing stock, the enterprises and organizations of the city of Serpukhov"