The most important thing in the work of an internal affairs officer. Psychological aspects of the activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Profession of a police officer

Plan:

1. Psychological characteristics of the activities of police officers.

2. Psychological features personalities police officer.

3. Psychological training of police officers.

4. Professional and psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer. The psychological potential of the employee.

5. Professional deformation. The main directions of prevention.

Professional and psychological readiness of an internal affairs officer

This study had a correlational empirical distinction. First, permission was requested from the Santa Maria Military Brigade team to conduct the study. Following the approval of the study by the University Ethics Committee, contact was made with the captain of the regiment to recruit volunteers to participate in the study. Upon acceptance, each participant signed a free and informed consent form, and data collection was performed in small groups at a work facility outside the file.

1. Psychological characteristics of the activities of police officers.

The question of the professional suitability of a law enforcement officer is relevant. The professional activity of an internal affairs officer imposes certain requirements and leaves a peculiar imprint on the personality and lifestyle in general. To determine what personal qualities that determine the effectiveness professional activity, an internal affairs officer should possess, it is necessary to subject this activity itself to psychological analysis, to identify its specific features, patterns, to reveal its structure.

The instruments were applied in random order for each group, always starting with a sociodomographic questionnaire. After the completion of the study, the results were returned to the institution in the form of a report and meetings with the participating groups. Initially, the results showed that, in terms of stress levels, 57.3% of the participants presented symptoms of stress, with 46.7% of the total sample in the resistance phase, 8% in the near exhaustion phase, and 2.7%% in the exhaustion phase. There were no participants in the warning phase. Table 1 presents the percentage frequencies of stress in each phase by gender and performance area.

The psychological features of the activities of police officers are currently studied in some detail in legal psychology.

According to the authors who conducted these studies (V.L. Vasiliev, A.V. Dulov, V.E. Konovalova, A.R. Ratinov, A.M. Stolyarenko and others), the activities of an internal affairs officer are characterized by the following specific psychological characteristics.

Percentages by gender showed 72.7% of female employees with stress symptoms versus only 50.9% of males. It can be verified that the majority of participants, regardless of gender or field of activity, are in the stage of resistance to stress. The presence and severity of stress depending on gender and area of work.

Symptoms of stress were mainly manifested by psychological symptoms with more low levels physical symptoms. There was no relationship between gender and the prevalence of physical or psychological symptoms. More frequent psychological and physical symptoms.

Legal regulation subordinates the activities of the police officer to the order strictly established by the norms of the law (legislative acts, regulatory documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.). Failure to perform or improper performance by an employee of their official duties is always a violation of a particular law. All this leads to increased employee responsibility for their decisions and actions.

This study was designed to measure stress levels and careers in military police officers, as well as to test the relationship between these variables and other personal and work aspects such as service area, length of service, gender and age. In doing so, it was supposed to generate information that could help both in understanding the impact of military activities on the psychological well-being of individuals and in creating preventive strategies that promote health among them.

Data analysis showed a significant presence of stress levels in sector 190 and acute police. Significantly, more than half of the participants surveyed identified symptoms of stress. However, this result is not surprising, since it is assumed that the type of activities and situations that these groups face on a daily basis, as a direct confrontation with crime and emergencies, which ultimately put them at risk, in connection with not only their own lives and physical integrity, as well as third parties, at first predispose them much more to stress than to administrative activities, for example.

Wide tactical scope within the framework of the law and professional morality.

The presence of power. In the interests of the cause, employees have been granted the right, if necessary, to invade the privacy of people, find out hidden circumstances, enter the dwellings of citizens, restrict, if necessary, the freedom of individual citizens and even deprive them of it. The use by an employee of his powers is determined a high degree responsibility, reasonableness and legality of actions; characterized by extreme tension. The ability to reasonably, legally use the granted power is one of the most important professional requirements for police officers.

Similarly, 190 refers to the intensity of the presence in emergency situations and coordination of all Vehicle that are in operation. In this sense, the vulnerability of military activity, which was emphasized in this study, has already been mentioned earlier in the literature. However, one might think that other aspects of the organization of military work may be related to stress levels, since they are often mentioned in the literature as factors of stress stress. However, since they were not the subject of study in this study, future studies are encouraged to consider aspects such as these.

Permanent confrontation and resistance interested persons. The need to overcome dangerous situations, eliminate obstacles that are specially created in the way of an employee, cause various emotional reactions, require constant volitional tension and active mental activity. In conditions of active confrontation, there is a need for constant complex intellectual work, encryption of one's goals, and masking of real social roles.

It should be noted, however, that the predominance is in the resistance phase, in which it is still possible to eliminate symptoms and prevent worsening of the condition. Thus, in the case initial stage stress, preventive activities of the Military Brigade are possible to ensure better management of perceived difficulties and greater physical and psychological well-being of participants. However, if these cops don't have strategies for coping with stressors, a stress scenario can develop and reach a stage of exhaustion, in which there is a very large internal imbalance and serious illness such as high blood pressure, ulcers, diabetes, anxiety, depression, and even inability to work.

Sociability is multifaceted and exclusive. The employee communicates with representatives of different age categories, with people of different professions, occupying different legal status. This requires knowledge of human psychology in general and psychological foundations communication in particular. hallmark employee's sociability is what it requires reincarnation. The need for this is explained by the importance of establishing psychological contact with all persons falling within the scope of its activities.

Based on the literature, among the interventions that may be effective for stress management are the development of a stress diagnosis, orientation, and control program; identification of external and internal stressors present in Everyday life police officers; implementation of a physical activity program that will include adequate nutrition, regular physical exercise, relaxation techniques, adequate sleep for individual needs, rest and leisure. In short, a set of measures that cover the social, emotional and physical health of professionals.

Time pressure and overload at work. Efficiency and speed are among the basic principles of the professional activity of a police officer. The longer the offender is at large, the more opportunities he has to evade responsibility, destroy the traces of his criminal activity, and hide from the investigation. Procrastination leads to failure.

The symptomatology of stress was mainly psychological symptoms with lower levels in the physical aspects, which confirms previous studies. However, the high correlation between the two types of symptoms indicates a general manifestation of stress, affecting both the health of the body and mental health. The most common symptoms of stress were a feeling of constant physical exhaustion, fatigue, muscle tension, memory problems, insomnia, irritability, excessive emotional sensitivity, and constant thinking about one subject.

On the other hand, the shortage of time is manifested in the need to comply with procedural and other deadlines that are allotted for the investigation of a criminal case, consideration of citizens' applications, etc. The employee is constantly in a tense state because of this.

Tension is also associated with great physical and mental stress due to high extremity activities, with the impact of various kinds of stress factors: work in a conflict situation, irregular working hours, the presence of a negative emotional coloring of activity, etc.

These symptoms of stress paint a disturbing picture, as they can worsen the work carried out by the military police, creating harm to the entire society. The impact of lack of sleep, constant fatigue and irritability, especially on police officers who perform acute policing, is terrifying given the need for attention and emotional control in performing these activities. Thus, stress control is fundamental.

The authoritative, mandatory nature of the professional powers of law enforcement officials

In terms of gender differences, the data in this study is interesting. There were no differences in the type of stress symptoms or the level of career impairment. This last result shows that job identification is similar between men and women, contrary to what one might think. There is an idea that men will become more identified with military police careers, as it requires postures and attitudes that are usually associated with masculinity, such as confrontation with violence and even the harshness of military discipline.

Cognitive nature of activity requires the construction of various versions, drawing up plans, the implementation of operational and service activities and work plans in general, is connected with the practical organization of work that implements mental schemes and decisions.

Types of professional activity police officer: cognitive, constructive, organizational and communicative. In real work, all of them are carried out in an organic unity.

However, the data collected in this study showed that women are equally committed to their careers. On the other hand, however, women reported higher levels and severity of stress than men. With regard to the greater severity of female stress, this fact is supported by the literature, in which women will be more vulnerable to stress due to double working hours, as professional activities are added to household activities. One can still think of women and the predominance of men in this institution, that there is a need for greater efforts for equal recognition, and also the need to take into account character traits male symbolic universe, in addition to the aforementioned dual path that makes women more susceptible to stress.

cognitive activity. Without the implementation of cognitive activity, it is impossible to achieve any goal of combating crime; without knowledge, neither the activity as a whole nor any of its specified types can be realized. Only as a result of the process of cognition does it become possible to purposefully carry out other actions of the employee.

Contrary to what one might imagine, there was no correlation between stress and career commitment. That is, even those who had high levels of stress maintained good commitment to their careers. Perhaps in another profession where there were so many risks and people were safer, commitment to the job would be inversely proportional to the level of stress. However, in the case of a profession that is inherently risky and stressful, stress has nothing to do with commitment. This data shows that everyone is vulnerable to stress, whether or not they are identified with their job.

In order to solve the problems of combating crime, the employee's cognitive activity must ensure the establishment of facts, circumstances, causal dependencies related to events of the present, past, and future time, give answers to questions: what is unknown, what needs to be discovered to solve a specific problem, etc. . to be creative.

There may be two other groups here because they are the most stressed and risky, not as career safe, or can easily consider other options. In general, in this study, the main focus of the study was on a category that is of fundamental importance in social environment. The results confirm the vulnerability of the military police, which needs to be emphasized. In this study, specific stress-related issues such as the most common physical and psychological symptoms have been identified, allowing the design of an adequate intervention for these groups.

constructive activity- this mental activity, aimed at planning stages, actions to detect, investigate, prevent crimes, search for hidden criminals, etc. Gives an answer to the question in what sequence we will search for the unknown.

Organizational activity. It aims to provide optimal conditions for the implementation of all other types of professional activities of the employee. Its content is the management of the processes of disclosure, investigation, prevention of crimes, which is manifested in the operational management, accounting and control, maintaining interaction between the participants in these processes. It consists of both the transfer and exchange of information, and the organization of the actions of other persons who, by the nature of their duties, must follow the instructions of the employee.

This research also has value, providing feedback to this and other military institutions, creating more information about a little-researched context. However, some restrictions must be specified. Initially, a higher balance of participants between groups would have been desirable for more representative data. In this sense, there is a need for more research, possibly of a qualitative nature, to assess the resources used by officers and police perceptions of these issues, which are associated with stress and career commitment.

Communicative activity. The communicative activity of the employee is to receive necessary information through communication, i.e. direct verbal contact with others, in order to solve practical operational tasks. In order to influence people in the process of communication, the personality of an employee must harmoniously combine sufficiently high intelligence and erudition with a strong will, as well as a set of personal properties that determine his human attractiveness.

From the results obtained during this study, it was clear that stress in the military police profession is very common, and therefore intervention alternatives are a subject that is not only relevant, but also necessary for development and research.

As a suggestion, this study states that the intervention should be carried out with both physical and psychological health in mind, since the symptoms appeared in both cases in both cases. Work, suffering and violence: the case of the military police. Porto Alegre: Sulina. Federal University Minas Gerais.

Output.Service in the internal affairs department is accompanied by extreme loads, activities take place in tense, difficult conditions associated with the use of weapons, physical force, and special means. The safety of the life and health of an employee, the results of official activities largely depend on his professional readiness.

Stress and work: a psychosomatic approach. Female Youth Athlete: Ratio psychological characteristics, stress and musculoskeletal injuries. Checking the stress scale at work. Psychological research, 9, 45. Institute of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas.

Abstract: Depression in the military police in labor activity studied as a reflection of working conditions in modern world because this professional leads to a large area of vulnerability to this new social reality. This study was designed to evaluate depression symptoms and levels. The data indicate that military police, although dealing with violence and crime in their daily lives, when assessed by the depressive factor, shows that the variables associated with depressive symptoms do not directly affect them, demonstrating the ability of the professional to cope with emotional problems directed at non-illnesses.

2. Psychological characteristics of the personality of an internal affairs officer.

The psychological characteristics of police officers have long been the object of research by psychologists. The very purpose of such a social institution as the police determines the special requirements for the personality of each employee. Constant presence in an aggressive and criminally oriented environment, access to weapons and the right to use them, etc. cannot but affect the adequacy of responses. The currently available research in the field of psychology of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as a rule, concerns the study of their reliability, aggressiveness, and the ability to control the use of weapons. The structure of the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is wide, and belonging to them affects the types of activities, volume, frequency, emotional involvement, the nature of contacts with the population, etc.

The development of professional competence of police officers is determined by the difficulties associated with time constraints, financial, intellectual-informational and other human resources. A period of adaptation to the conditions of service in the ATS is allocated, during which development of the following key competencies: operational-investigative, legal, organizational, analytical, communicative and social. They implement the following main directions: relating to oneself as a person, as a subject of life; relating to human interaction with other people; related to professional activity.

Professional Competence is defined as an integral property of a person that characterizes her desire and ability to realize her potential (knowledge, skills, experience, personal qualities, etc.) for successful activities in the law enforcement field. The process of developing professional competence police officers is defined as d achievement of compliance of the professional and personal development of an employee with the requirements of official activity and the needs of the individual himself in the motivated performance of his official, operational and social duties with a high consciousness of public duty.

The multiplicity of tasks facing the police leads to the development of multifunctionality in activities, the allocation of groups of employees who perform specific functions. The activities of various police officers, differing in the methods used, coincide in their target parameters. The link that unites them and makes them interact closely is the presence of a single object of activity - the criminal (offender).

Even the most general review the main psychological characteristics and structural elements of the employee's professional activity shows how complex and multifaceted his activity is. She makes many different demands on him, among which one of the most important is the possession developed professionally significant personality traits .

First of all, they include:

Ø professional and psychological orientation of his personality;

Ø psychological stability;

Ø developed volitional qualities (the ability to control oneself in difficult situations, courage, courage, reasonable inclination to take risks);

Ø well-developed communication skills (the ability to quickly establish contact with various categories of people, establish and maintain trusting relationships);

Ø ability to render psychological impact on people in solving various kinds of operational and service tasks;

Ø role-playing skills, the ability to transform;

Ø developed professionally significant cognitive qualities (professional observation and attentiveness, professionally developed memory, creative imagination);

Ø professionally developed thinking, a tendency to intense mental work, quick wit, developed intuition;

Ø speed of reaction, ability to navigate in a difficult environment.

These qualities are not inherent in a person initially. Their formation and development is a long and intense process, but this is a necessary condition for the professional development of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The absence or insufficient development of these qualities of the employee's personality hinders the normal implementation of his functional duties, generates errors in his activities, causes the processes of professional maladaptation and professional deformation of the personality. In this connection great importance acquires professional and psychological training of employees, one of the purposes of which is the formation of these qualities in employees.

3. Psychological training of police officers.

One of the leading directions for improving the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs is the psychological training of employees. Target such training- the formation of their readiness to act professionally, competently, clearly, with high efficiency in any difficult conditions of official activity.

Operational activities place special demands on personal qualities employees, first of all to professionally important ones. The features of this activity require the development of emotional and volitional stability among employees, the formation of their psychological reliability when exposed to stress factors.

The main tasks of psychological preparation:

- to increase the psychological stability of the police officers to the action of stress factors and their combinations, typical for the police department;

To develop psychological qualities in employees, to form special characteristics of skills and abilities that contribute to the highly effective performance of all professional actions in any complex and hazardous conditions operational activities.

Psychological readiness is a complex component of the professional skills of employees. This is a set of formed and developed psychological characteristics of an employee that meet the specific and important psychological characteristics of operational activities and are one of the necessary prerequisites for its implementation. It is made up of four groups components :

- professional and psychological orientation and sensitivity of the employee (desire, interest and ability to understand the psychological aspects of situations and people with whom he deals, the ability to understand them);

- readiness an employee on the psychological aspects of the effectiveness of professional actions and tactics, manifested in the understanding psychological conditions the effectiveness of professional actions and the ability to ensure their creation; skillful use psychological means implementation of professional actions (verbal and non-verbal), in the skillful application of the whole complex psychological tricks providing more high efficiency solving operational tasks;

- developed professional observation and memory employee (includes the ability to apply psychologically based techniques and rules to improve the efficiency of professional observation, developed professional attentiveness, training of the senses and perception, training in quick, complete and accurate memorization, good retention in memory and correct reproduction of information significant for the tasks being solved);

- psychological stability (expressed in the ability of an employee to act calmly and confidently in psychologically difficult, emotionally intense, dangerous and responsible situations of operational activities).

Psychological readiness significantly increases the professional skills of the employee. Scientific data and existing positive experience point to the need to introduce special tasks, forms and methods of targeted improvement of psychological preparedness in the system vocational training. Psychological training is an important type of professional training in the internal affairs bodies, it is a specially organized, purposeful process of influencing employees to form, develop and activate necessary qualities that determine the successful, efficient performance of operational and service tasks.

Psychological preparation itself is determined by the characteristics of the employees' performance. In accordance with this, the content of psychological training should be characterized by a clearly defined professional orientation.

FROM the content of psychological preparation employees:

formation psychological readiness to the fight against crime;

development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational and official activities;

Formation and development of professionally significant cognitive qualities;

· improvement and development of skills and abilities to establish psychological contact with various categories of citizens;

· formation of skills of role behavior in various situations of operational activity;

Improving the ability to apply psychological and pedagogical methods of influence in complex, conflict situations communication with citizens;

formation of psychological stability of the ability to control oneself in tense situations of operational and service activities;

development of positive emotional and volitional qualities of a person, training employees in self-regulation and self-government techniques;

Formation of volitional activity and skills of volitional actions;

Preparation for mental overload at work.

F formation of psychological readiness for the fight against crime is the most important in psychological preparation. The main thing here is the formation of the professional orientation of employees, the development of their persistent professional interests in their activities. It also involves the formation among employees of intolerance to all kinds of offenses, a strong habit of unconditional compliance with legal norms, a heightened sense of truth, justice and legality.

The development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational activities involves familiarizing employees with the basics of psychology, developing their skills and habits to take into account the psychology of people, groups in their work, knowledge and consideration by employees of the psychological characteristics of ongoing investigative, operational-search and other actions.

Professionally significant cognitive qualities ensure the effectiveness of the cognitive activity of employees. These qualities include: professional sensitivity, perception, observation, memory, thinking, imagination. Special exercises and trainings for the development of these qualities involve mastering by employees the basic techniques and knowledge of certain rules for increasing the efficiency of memorizing, preserving and reproducing professionally significant information, developing logical thinking and creative imagination.

Improvement and development skills and abilities to establish psychological contact with various categories of citizens also very important for psychological preparation. The activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is unthinkable without constant communication with various categories of citizens (victims, witnesses, suspects, accountable, etc.). The quality of the operationally significant information received depends on the ability of employees to communicate with them, establish psychological contact, trusting relationships, which in turn affects the success of the activity as a whole. In the course of psychological training, employees must master the system of methods and techniques for establishing psychological contact. They must develop the ability to quickly establish contact with strangers and win them over, the ability to listen to people, the ability to overcome psychological barriers in the process of communication. Psychological training involves the assimilation by employees of the rules for establishing psychological contact.

A necessary component of the professional skills of an internal affairs officer are skills of role behavior in various situations of operational activities , they are used to obtain information necessary for the disclosure or prevention of crimes. In this regard, in the course of psychological training, employees must develop the ability to disguise their belonging to the police department, their true qualities, states and goals of communication.

Need to develop and improve the ability to apply psychological and pedagogical methods of influence in complex conflict situations of communication with citizens. Such situations are the most typical for the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, so it becomes very important to develop the ability of employees to neutralize a conflict situation, teaching them how to resolve conflicts. The effectiveness of the work of employees largely depends on the skillful use of certain methods of psychological and pedagogical influence on people, such as persuasion, suggestion, coercion, stimulation. Employees should also develop the skills to use various tactical methods of behavior in a situation of conflict behavior, including the use of a conflict situation for operational purposes.

Psychological stability, the ability to control oneself in tense situations of operational and service activities are considered as one of the most important indicators of psychological preparedness, which is manifested in the ability of employees not to succumb to negative circumstances. Here it is important to develop knowledge and skills to foresee these difficulties in solving operational tasks. The formation of psychological stability contributes to the training of employees in the impeccable performance of professional actions in conditions of maximum psychological difficulties, which can be achieved by modeling tension in the process of training and practical exercises.

The development of positive emotional and volitional qualities of a person, training employees in self-regulation and self-government techniques is also an integral part of psychological preparation. The formation of psychological stability and the ability to control oneself in stressful situations involves the development of certain emotional and volitional personality traits in employees, such as responsibility, resistance to failure, propensity and resistance to risk, self-control, endurance, etc. The employee must master the techniques of self-control of behavior, manage his behavior and emotions. In the process of training and training, employees must master the methods of self-regulation, removing nervous tension, activation internal resources to complete the assigned task.

Psychological preparation includes formation of volitional activity and skills of volitional actions . In practical activities, employees of the internal affairs bodies have to face various obstacles that make it difficult to perform high-quality work, and sometimes even achieve their goals. In these situations, they have to show strong-willed activity that encourages them to overcome these difficulties and obstacles. The development of skills of volitional actions is facilitated by the inclusion in the process of classes of certain elements, obstacles that impede the implementation of the task. The experience of volitional activity, accumulated in the process of such training, will influence the development of the will, volitional qualities of the individual.

Preparing for mental overload at work is also necessary and expedient, since the activities of police officers are characterized by the fact that various factors affecting them are often stressful, leading to excessive loads and overloads nervous system. This affects the effectiveness of their activities. Therefore, employees should be familiar with the basic patterns of these processes and techniques (in particular, for example, methods of psycho-regulatory training), which allow a short time restore efficiency and relieve excessive mental stress.

4. Professional psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer. The psychological potential of the employee.

The psychological potential of a personality (PPL) is the level of formation of its mental properties and qualities, which together represent a reserve for increasing the efficiency of activity, further development and creative manifestation. PPL is the psychological capabilities of an employee as a subject of labor and management.

A system of knowledge mediated by individual experience, actually used by a person as a guide to action, is called individual concept of personality.

Only by studying the patterns of correlation between personality and life activity, it is possible to identify abilities and those specific mental capabilities that directly "work" for the professional skills of an employee and the results of his activities. This is the ability to measure and mobilize one's personal (natural, mental, socio-psychological) capabilities with the scale of the tasks to be solved, for which a person undertakes; this is the ability to develop a socially mature, realistic understanding of the course of life, social events; this is the ability not only to adapt to the environment, but to find or change one's place in life.

Speaking in the unity of spatial and temporal characteristics, the potential of the individual concentrates in itself all the reserves and capabilities of a person - the potential of the mind, the potential of the will, the potential of the senses, the potential of the body, the social potential, the creative potential, the spiritual potential.

The psychological potential concretizes in itself the mental capabilities of a person in their entire spectrum, ranging from mental properties to professional skills and personal psychophysiological resources.

PPL structure includes:

Motivational, ideological and moral potential (which encourages work);

Qualification (professional knowledge, skills, abilities), communicative, intellectual and creative potential (what a person can do);

Emotional-volitional potential, performance (what are the psychological resources of the individual).

The structure of the PPL is a holistic education of the individual.

PPL Integrity means:

Ability to self-development and transformation of reality;

The completeness of the representation of the mental properties and qualities of the individual, providing an active life position, efficiency, a sense of the new, competence, a conscious attitude to work and devotion to duty;

The level of development of the PPL of an employee as an additional mental strength of an employee in the performance of professional duties.

Components of psychological potential.

1. Individual professional concept. The individual professional concept of a law enforcement officer is a subjective, personal vision of the system of basic professional problems, content, methods and techniques of work, difficulties in organizing interaction and personal work. The individual professional concept in its formed form reveals the personal meaning of the employee's activity, influences the motivation of work, the setting of specific service and life goals.

2. Moral and psychological qualities. These qualities reflect moral obligations and ethical standards behavior of a law enforcement officer. It's about about proper and necessary behavior in terms of morality, professional ethics, specific moral standards, humane treatment of another person. The moral basis of the employee's behavior is the following moral and psychological qualities: a sense of professional duty; professional honor; Justice; adherence to principles; honesty; decency; sympathy and empathy; courage; installation on observance of law and service discipline; a sense of camaraderie; humanity and compassion towards the victims of crimes, etc.

3. Cognitive and intellectual qualities. It is known that well-developed qualities, such as perception and attention, allow the employee to obtain sufficient information about the emerging criminogenic situation, the characteristics of the personality of the offender, etc. Professional memory of an employee for faces, appearance of a person, numbers (dates of birth, for example), first name, patronymic, last name, etc. allows you to effectively solve professional problems. The productive thinking of an employee is characterized by such qualities as flexibility, breadth, criticality, speed, ingenuity, predictability, heuristics, etc.

4. Emotional qualities. The activity of a law enforcement officer is associated with stress and negative experiences. Among the stress factors associated with professional activities, the following are often mentioned: high workload and lack of free time; difficulties associated with entering a new position; increased responsibility for decisions made; feeling of inconsistency between what he should, what he would like and what he really does; the need to often make compromises in the name of maintaining a career; lack of feedback on their activities; unsatisfactory relationship with superiors; job growth uncertainty; unfavorable socio-psychological climate in a professional team, etc. An employee should pay attention to the development of such emotional and volitional qualities as determination, perseverance, self-control, emotional balance, endurance, endurance, prudence, composure, self-confidence, etc.

5. Communicative qualities. The following communication qualities contribute to the effectiveness of business interaction: organization, confidence, independence, orientation towards cooperation, readiness to help, sympathy, commitment, communication technique, sensitivity, responsiveness, caring, fairness, sincerity in communication, activity in joint activities, sociability, consistency , tact. Such qualities impede business interaction: skepticism, shyness, humility, overconformity, aggressiveness, desire for dominance, complacency, isolation, irascibility, resentment, distrust, suspicion, timidity, rudeness, condescension, isolation, secrecy.

Modern requirements for the professional qualities of a police officer.

Professional suitability for work in law enforcement is more dependent on a high level of general development personality rather than some special ability. The selection of persons entering the service of law enforcement agencies, in terms of their professional suitability, implies a clear description of the requirements imposed by official activities on the personality of an employee law enforcement.

With regard to the personality of a specialist of a particular ATS service, several groups are distinguished general requirements applicable to all categories of employees.

1. Requirements related to the content of the work of an internal affairs officer as a type public service and political activities.

2. Requirements related to the legal regulation of activities.

3. Requirements related to the opposition of interested parties.

4. Requirements related to the presence of power.

5. Requirements related to the preservation of official secrets.

6. Requirements related to the socio-psychological atmosphere of the activities of a law enforcement officer.

7. Requirements related to the diversity of activities of police officers.

8. Requirements related to lack of time, uniqueness of conditions and overload in the activities of a police officer.

Thus, an internal affairs officer must be a person of a high level of development and maximally comply with the general and special requirements of the activity he has chosen, being independently active.

5 professional deformation. The main directions of prevention (Budanov A.V., 1992).

Factors of occurrence of professional deformation:

1 related to specifics law enforcement:

Detailed legal regulation of activities leads to excessive formalization and bureaucracy;

The presence of power in relation to citizens can lead to abuse and unreasonable use of them;

Corporative activity can cause psychological isolation of employees and alienation from society;

Increased responsibility for performance results;

Mental and physical overload associated with an unstable work schedule, lack of sufficient time for rest;

Extremity of activity (performing professional tasks in situations dangerous to life and health, risk, unpredictability of events, uncertainty of information about the activities of criminal elements, threats from criminals, etc.);

The need to come into contact with offenders can lead to the assimilation of a criminal subculture (criminal jargon, nicknames, etc.);

2 due to the psychological characteristics of the personality of an internal affairs officer:

Inadequate to the capabilities of the employee, the level of claims and excessive personal expectations;

Insufficient professional preparedness;

A specific connection between some professionally significant personality traits of an employee (decisiveness combined with low self-control can develop into excessive self-confidence, etc.);

Professional attitudes (for example, perceiving the actions of others as possible offenders can lead to global suspicion and an accusatory bias in activity);

Features of socio-psychological maladjustment of the employee's personality, leading to aggressiveness, a tendency to violence, cruelty, etc.;

Change in activity motivation (loss of interest, disappointment in the profession).

3 associated with possible adverse socio-psychological conditions of activity:

Inadequate and rude leadership style of subordinates;

Unfavorable influence of the immediate social environment outside the service (for example: family, friends, etc.);

Low public assessment of the activities of law enforcement agencies, leading to professional impotence and uncertainty about the need for their activities.

Manifestations of professional deformation:

1 in the process of official activity (during external environment):

Confidence in one's own infallibility when solving professional problems, excessive conceit and inflated self-esteem;

The presence of an installation on the "accusatory bias", excessive suspicion, gross errors in the perception and evaluation of the actions of other people;

Legal nihilism, manifested in a disdainful attitude to the requirements of the law, ignoring the requirements of the law and arbitrary interpretation of the law and by-laws;

Legal rigorism: a pronounced attitude to tougher punishment, the application of tougher penalties to the offender, regardless of the characteristics of his personality, to the situation of the offense committed;

Secrecy stereotype: desire for too much secrecy

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Psychology in the activities of police officers

Psychological aspects of the activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD)

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3. Professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies
Question: what changes have occurred in your professional activity in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Conclusion

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The training of highly qualified internal affairs officers requires the study of their psychological activities. Modern society poses complex tasks for the law enforcement agencies of Russia, the solution of which requires improving the results of individual and group activities of internal affairs officers, primarily through professional skills.

The effectiveness of an employee's performance of official duties, largely determined by the quality of his professional training, also depends on the psychological characteristics of a person's attitude to his profession.

Target control work consists in studying the psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD).

Tasks of control work:

1) to study the psychological characteristics of actions and activities;

2) determine the psychological structure of law enforcement;

3) consider the professional competence of employees of the internal affairs bodies;

4) study the professional profile of a police officer.

When writing the control work, educational literature on legal psychology was used, as well as separate works on the psychology of internal affairs officers.

The methodological basis of the control work is general scientific methods(analysis, synthesis, generalization and analogy) and methods of private scientific knowledge (formal-logical, systemic and complex analysis).

1. Psychological features of actions and activities

The human psyche is known and manifested in certain activities. A person acts in life as a doer, creator and builder, regardless of what type of work he is engaged in. The activity reveals the richness of the spiritual and mental world of the individual: the depth of the mind and experiences, the power of imagination and will, abilities and character traits.

Activity is a human specific form of active attitude to the surrounding world, the content of which is its expedient change and transformation. Human activity involves a certain opposition of the subject and object of activity. A person sees for himself the object of activity as a material that must receive new form and properties, turn from a material into a product of activity.

Activity is a social category inherent in people in society. Animals, on the other hand, have the vital activity they need to survive in nature. The human personality goes through its development precisely in the activity in the process of which the human consciousness is formed. Activity is real driving force social progress and a condition for the very existence of society.

Signs of activity:

This is always the activity of the subject, is of a public nature;

Activity is the interaction of the subject with the object, i.e., it is necessarily subject, meaningful;

It is characterized by purposefulness, planning and duration;

She is always creative;

Independent.

The social nature of activity lies in the fact that any activity in its content and methods of implementation is the result of social and historical development by society together in the process of its historical development.

Purposefulness of activity is connected with the fact that it is realized and aimed at achieving a certain result.

Planned activity consists in the fact that it is a certain system of individual actions.

Activities can be classified according to different grounds. It can be divided into:

1) material and spiritual;

2) production, labor and non-labor;

3) reproductive (aimed at obtaining an already known result by known means) and productive (creativity) associated with the development of new goals and their corresponding means or with the achievement of known goals with the help of new means.

Action is the unit of analysis in activity.

Actions can be directed not only to the object, but also to the people around. In this case, these actions become an act of behavior, an act.

A set of actions united by a common goal and performing a specific social function constitutes an activity.

The action consists of: 1) motor (motor) part; 2) mental (inner) part; 3) mental (sensory) part.

Thus, the basic thesis of the theory of activity is formulated as follows: it is not consciousness that determines activity, but activity that determines consciousness.

2. Psychological structure of law enforcement

Motivation (from the Greek motif from the Latin moveo - I move) is the external or internal motivation of the subject to act in order to achieve any goals, the presence of interest in such activities and the ways of its initiation, motivation. Methods and techniques are actions taken by a person in order to achieve the goals of the activity.

Goals are the most significant objects, phenomena, tasks and objects for a person, the achievement and possession of which constitute the essence of his activity. The goal appears in the image of the result of activity.

The result is the result of the activity, what the individual achieves.

As a general characteristic features legal work, it should be noted that this activity is a socially complex open system, since it is included in a wide range legal system society and solves the tasks set by the state of justice, personal and public safety, the fight against crime. The dominant types of law enforcement activities are:

Investigation of crimes;

Interrogation of suspects, witnesses, victims

In crime;

Inspection of crime scenes;

Carrying out searches, identifications, investigative experiments;

Search for evidence related to the commission of crimes;

Organization of the work of other specialists involved in the investigation (experts, doctors, psychologists, teachers, etc.);

Finding out the causes and conditions for the commission of crimes;

Maintaining documentation (drawing up protocols, resolutions);

Analysis of the collected data on the crime;

Collection of information necessary to solve the crime;

Preventive measures aimed at reducing crime.

Elements of the psychological structure of law enforcement:

1) Professional motivation. On this basis, in the process of vocational training, the subjects of legal labor form an appropriate professional motivation, which includes a complex set of needs, interests, ideals and beliefs. In the structure of the motivation of a lawyer, such motives as the desire for justice, love for truth, a sense of duty, patriotism, the desire to help people and protect them from troubles play a special role.

2) Goals - achieving justice (for example, the desire to punish the perpetrator of a crime), helping the victims in their desire to establish the truth in the case, to achieve justice, etc.

3) Means - powers to conduct business (competence) defined in the law

4) The result is the punishment of those responsible, the restoration of violated rights (for example, the return of stolen property), etc.

3. Professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies

The activity of an internal affairs officer belongs to the socionomic type of professions such as "person - person" ("person - group" and "person - society"), since it is associated with constant interaction with people, evaluation of their actions from the standpoint of the law.

The main psychological features of the professional activity of an internal affairs officer are:

1) legal regulation (normativity) of professional behavior, decisions made by police officers and other lawyers professionally involved in law enforcement.

All law enforcement activities of employees of state-legal structures are clearly regulated by law. Breaking the law, neglecting one's own official duties and principles for are unacceptable and testify, first of all, to the low level of his professional qualifications;

2) the imperious, mandatory nature of the professional powers of officials of law enforcement agencies.

This provision forms the need for strict, most accurate and high-quality execution of legal requirements, forms the orientation of the individual, her lawful behavior. It is the need to comply with moral, legal norms that is the main, socially significant quality of a person that forms his legal consciousness. And all this together makes up a high level of socialization of the individual, the responsibility of police officers to society, the normative nature of their behavior;

3) the extreme nature of law enforcement.

The professional activity of legal workers, primarily those who have to fight crime, in some cases is very stressful, due to the performance of complex, monotonous work in conditions of lack of information, time, active resistance of interested parties, unwillingness to make contact, ignoring them legal norms.

4) non-standard, creative nature of legal work.

All this leads to neuropsychic overload, which is aggravated by irregular changes in working conditions, violations of the usual daily routine, forced refusal to rest, which leads to a state of mental tension, emotional instability, the appearance of neurotic reactions, various disorders and diseases;

5) procedural independence, personal (for many - increased) responsibility of police officers. The Federal Law "On Police" dated February 07, 2011 N 3-FZ states that:

The police carry out its activities on the basis of observance and respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The activities of the police that restrict the rights and freedoms of citizens are immediately terminated if a legitimate goal is achieved or it becomes clear that this goal cannot or should not be achieved by restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens. A police officer is prohibited from resorting to torture, violence, other cruel or degrading treatment. A police officer is obliged to stop actions that deliberately inflict pain, physical or moral suffering on a citizen "(parts 1-3, art. 5).

A police officer is prohibited from inciting, persuading, inducing, directly or indirectly, anyone to commit unlawful acts. (parts 3.4, article 6);

A police officer, both on duty and off duty, must refrain from any actions that may cast doubt on his impartiality or damage the authority of the police (part 4 of article 7).

Particularly significant in the practical activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies are 4 main aspects of psychological unpreparedness and related psychological problems:

Unpreparedness for psychological overload, workload, pressure of psychological responsibility for procedural decisions (application of preventive measures, bringing to criminal responsibility);

Lack of formation of professionally important psychological qualities in individual employees;

The absence in many subdivisions of a system of professionally sharpened training in order to develop psychological skills and abilities specific to investigative work.

Unpreparedness for psychological confrontation, which is often imposed on suspects, accused and other persons.

One of the leading directions for improving the activities of internal affairs bodies is the psychological training of employees. The contents of the psychological training of employees include the following.

1. Formation of psychological readiness to fight crime.

2. Development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational activities.

3. Formation and development of professionally significant cognitive qualities.

4. Improvement and development of skills and abilities to establish psychological contact with various categories of citizens.

5. Formation of skills of role behavior in various situations of operational activities.

6. Improving the skills of applying psychological and pedagogical methods of influence in difficult, conflict situations of communication with citizens.

7. Formation of psychological stress resistance, the ability to control oneself in tense situations of operational activities.

8. Development of positive emotional and volitional qualities of a person, training employees in self-regulation and self-government techniques.

9. Formation of volitional activity and skills of volitional actions.

10. Preparation for mental overload at work.

4. Professiogram of a police officer

Professiogram (from Latin Professio - specialty + Gramma - record) - a system of features that describe a particular profession, and also includes a list of norms and requirements for this profession or specialty to an employee. In particular, the professiogram may include a list of psychological characteristics that representatives of specific professional groups must meet.

The professional profile of a police officer is a scientifically based list of interrelated types (parts) of activity, as well as professionally important personality traits that affect the success of professional activity.

The main substructures of the professional activity of a police officer:

1) cognitive-prognostic (cognitive);

2) communicative (communication);

3) organizational and managerial;

4) educational (preventive).

1. Cognitive and prognostic activity underlies the professional profile of a police officer and consists in collecting initial information about the situation, the person suspected of committing a crime, etc.

In solving these problems, the role of professional and life experience of a police officer, as well as professional and psychological qualities, is great:

Psychological observation (the ability to notice external manifestations states of citizens, to guess their psychological motives for actions and deeds);

To be able to observe oneself, providing self-control, managing one's own behavior and timely correction of mistakes made;

Professionally developed thinking, memory, imagination, intuition (isolate the essential signs of an offense, determine the circumstances to be proven in the case; evaluate relationships with a citizen, remember professionally significant information, etc.);

Predictive abilities (predict the consequences of an event, which will allow you to make the right decision);

Ownership writing, which is distinguished by the observance of the rules of grammar, logic, style in the design of forms specially provided for by law: resolutions, protocols, reports, etc.

2. Communicative activity is reduced to the main tools in the work of a police officer - speech and language.

The success of an employee's interaction with citizens and colleagues depends on psychological contact and trusting relationships between them, and this, in turn, is related to the level of knowledge and professional communication experience.

Professionally important qualities of an employee that affect the success of communicative activity:

Positive orientation is not people;

Intellectual abilities (mindfulness, observation, intelligence, curiosity, etc.);

Emotional qualities (poise, goodwill, empathy, etc.);

Volitional qualities (self-control, determination, purposefulness, etc.);

Communication skills (taking into account the individual abilities of citizens, establishing psychological contact and trusting relationships with various categories of citizens and employees, overcoming conflicts, etc.);

Culture of speech, communication, behavior (tact, politeness, etc.).

3. Organizational and managerial activity. A police officer also acts as an organizer of his own professional activities (for example, a traffic police officer controls compliance with the rules traffic), making responsible decisions and achieving their implementation.

To carry out organizational and managerial activities, an employee of the internal affairs bodies needs the following professionally important qualities, skills and abilities:

The ability to accurately navigate in activities, to understand the qualities of people and their capabilities;

The ability to organize one's own activities, as well as the activities and behavior of others (especially in extreme situations);

Organization, energy, perseverance, ensuring activities to monitor compliance with traffic rules, traffic regulation, etc .;

Responsibility, exactingness, resourcefulness in managing the activities of road users, colleagues in the performance of their duties;

Endurance, self-criticism, discipline, self-esteem in relations with colleagues, officials, management.

The ability to exert a controlling influence on road users, the reasonable use of power.

4. Educational activities include preventive measures, legal propaganda among citizens, the provision of educational influence on citizens, officials, a partner (especially less experienced in professional and everyday terms).

The effectiveness of its implementation depends on the following qualities, skills and abilities:

High level of legal consciousness and moral qualities;

sustainable professional orientation(interest in the profession; motives that encourage the effectiveness of professional activity);

Positive emotional attitude to the profession and professional activities;

Communication skills;

The ability to provide educational and preventive impact on various social and age categories of traffic offenders, etc.

Qualities that impede the effectiveness of professional activity:

1) formal attitude to work;

2) inability to express their thoughts;

3) poor development of long-term memory;

4) distraction;

5) inability to perceive new information;

6) lack of ability to establish contacts with people;

7) incontinence;

8) cruelty, aggressiveness, intolerant attitude towards people.

psychological law enforcement professiogram police

Question: what changes have occurred in your professional activity in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

The following changes can be distinguished:

A new regulatory framework has been created. Three basic federal laws "On the Police", "On Social Guarantees for Employees of the Internal Affairs Bodies...", "On Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies...";

A unified federal structure of internal affairs bodies has been formed;

There was a technological update and implementation modern forms and methods of work;

Improved social security.

The opinion of the population on the quality of the work of the internal affairs bodies is taken into account on the basis of independent sources of sociological information.

In general, professional activity has become more responsible.

Conclusion

The result of the consideration of the psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies are the following key concepts:

Activity is a human specific form of active attitude to the surrounding world, the content of which is its expedient change and transformation. The basic thesis of the theory of activity is "It is not consciousness that determines activity, but activity determines consciousness."

Actions are movements of a social nature, aimed at an object and pursuing a specific goal.

Any activity, including law enforcement, includes: 1) motives; 2) methods; 3) purpose; 4) means; 5) result; 4) the process of activity itself. An integral feature of activity is its awareness.

The dominant types of law enforcement activities are: investigation of crimes; conducting interrogations of suspects, witnesses, victims of a crime; inspections of crime scenes; conducting searches, analyzing the collected data on the crime, etc.

P psychological features of the professional activity of an internal affairs officer: 1) legal regulation (normativity) of professional behavior; 2) the imperious, mandatory nature of the professional powers of officials of law enforcement agencies. 3) extreme nature of law enforcement activities; 4) procedural independence, personal responsibility.

Bibliography

1. the federal law"On the Police" dated February 07, 2011 N 3-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2011. - N 7. - Art. 900.

2. Bondarenko, T. L. Legal psychology for investigators. Tutorial/ T. L. Bondarenko. - M., 2010.

3. Lebedev, I. B., Rodin, V. F., Tsvetkov, V. L. Legal psychology: textbook. 2nd edition, supplemented / Ed. V. Ya. Kikotya. - M., 2012.

4. Osintseva, A. V., Germanova, O. V. Professionally important personality traits of an internal affairs officer depending on the type of activity / A. V. Osintseva, O. V. Germanova // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. - 2009. - No. 4.

5. Prostyakov, V.V. Psychological requirements to the personality and professional activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies / V. V. Prostyakov // Legal Psychology. - 2012. - N 1.

6. Legal psychology. Textbook for university students. / I. I. Aminov et al. - M., 2012.

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