Psychological characteristics of a police officer. Psychological requirements for the personality of an internal affairs officer

The effectiveness of the functioning of the law enforcement system will depend on the extent to which the personal psychological processes of a graduate of a law institute will meet the requirements for his professional preparedness. Russian Federation. The professional orientation of a lawyer is a special system of his motivations to use all his strengths and abilities in strengthening the rule of law and order in the country. This is the main thing that characterizes law enforcement, determines the place of a lawyer in society and the requirements for his ...

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Psychological requirements to the identity of the police officer

Introduction

The crisis socio-economic processes in the Russian Federation at the end of the 20th century necessitated the introduction of significant changes in the law enforcement activities of the state, organizational, managerial and socio-psychological work with the personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. As noted in the decision of the Collegium of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "On the state of work with personnel and personnel policy in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia "(No. 6 im / 1; 1998), an analysis of the situation in the internal affairs bodies revealed a gap between the level of material security, social and legal protection of personnel and significantly increased workloads on personnel.

There is not enough research in this direction, which affects the performance of police officers in solving practical issues in the field of legal relations. The effectiveness of the functioning of the law enforcement system of the Russian Federation will depend on the extent to which the personal psychological processes of a graduate of a law institute meet the requirements for his professional preparedness.

It is all of the above that explains the relevance of the topic of this work.

The purpose and objectives of the work is to study the basic requirements for the personality of a police officer.

1 Professional orientation of the personality of the police officer

Orientation is the leading psychological property of a person, which represents the whole system of her motives for life and activity, which determines the selectivity of relations, positions and activity.

Professional orientation of a lawyer- a special system of his motives for the use of all his strengths and abilities in strengthening the rule of law and law and order in the country.It is characterized by the attitude of the employee to the law as the highest social and life value, to the struggle for law and order as well as a personal life calling, to law enforcement and the profession of a lawyer as meeting its main characteristics and needs, attitudes towards the use of legal and civilized methods of solving professional problems, a balanced attitude to the difficulties of the profession.

Social motivational qualities first subgroup of qualities professional orientation employee, lawyer The requirements for it are determined by the relationship domestic policy state and law. Law is the regulator of the life of society. Legal work - state work relating to fundamental issues of a domestic political nature: protecting the rights, freedoms and personal dignity of citizens, legality, state and civil discipline, combating antisocial manifestations, legal support life and development of society. This is the main thing that characterizes law enforcement activity, determines the place of a lawyer in society and the requirements for his personality. Therefore, the professional orientation is directly dependent on the general orientation of his personality.

Professional and motivational qualities the second subgroup of motive forces of an employee, a warrior internal troops, a lawyer acting directly in the process of law enforcement and in connection with it, exerting a wide influence both on it and on specific actions. The makings of these qualities lie in the general direction young man who made the decision to choose the profession of a lawyer. A true professional bases his choice not on mercantile calculations, but on an understanding of his life's calling, based on the need to be on a difficult site in the fight against crime, the desire to protect citizens, ordinary and honest people from criminals 1 .

Properly developed personality orientation required condition suitability for work in law enforcement agencies (Fig. 1). Without its proper development, all work with employees, their professional training and professional education how "legal technocrats" can only bring harm, forming a skilled extortionist, formalist, official, indifferent to everything except personal interest, and damaging the cause of combating crime, protecting the rights of citizens, and the authority of the rule of law. Defects in professional orientation are the main cause of professional deformation that occurs in some practitioners.

Rice. 1. Professional orientation of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies 2

The whole complex of work with personnel, the organization of its service and work achieves the desired results in the development of a professional orientation, if, in addition to purely legal knowledge, skills and abilities, it forms a deeply conscious, mature, active professional position based on a correct understanding of the purpose of the rule of law and legal work in modern Russia, devotion to it and a strategy of action that meets the challenges of the time and the social expectations of society. Each step of any leader, employee of the personnel apparatus should be focused on such a result. The result is greatly affected by the whole system of life and activity. law enforcement, its spirituality and material security, because a person is always brought up not by words, but by realities, deeds, all life and its features.

The main types of aspirations of a professional lawyer.Presented in fig. 1, they include aspirations: 1) for professional activities in the legal system, 2) for work in a specific law enforcement agency, service, specialty, 3) for legal ways and methods of work, 4) for self-improvement. Their development must be carried out in interconnection and at the same time specificallyalong the chain: knowledge - views - beliefs - value orientations - attitudes - special skills and abilities - habits - qualities.Their formation is in many ways a common task, but in each legal body (service) it acquires special features. The key task is the development of those elements that express invincible respect for the law and the use of means and methods of work that fully and always meet the requirements of legality. All the disagreements with the rule of law that some employees of law enforcement agencies have their origin in the defects of these elements of the professional orientation of a lawyer.

2 Ability of an internal affairs officer

Abilities, like other important personality traits, are not innate, but develop in a person during his lifetime. They are based on the anatomical and physiological features of the human body, called inclinations. Inclinations are ambiguous, and on the basis of the same inclinations, different abilities can develop under the influence of the lifetime characteristics of the activity and living conditions of a given individual. At the same time, inclinations, acting as "soil", favor the development of some abilities and do not contribute to others.

Citizens who choose law enforcement as their life calling, by the time they are hired, already have developed qualities to a certain extent, which are regarded as abilities for it. They are usually not in highest point its possible development. In this regard, it is appropriate to talk about actual abilities, i.e. that level of development of qualities that takes place, and about potential, i.e. on assessing the possibility of raising this level to the maximum ceiling.

In law enforcement, the ability problem appears as:

The need to take into account the abilities of the individual in the entire system of work with personnel;

The tasks of studying, assessing the actual and potential abilities of persons selected for service, for occupying certain positions, when recruiting different units;

The tasks of developing the professional abilities of employees in the process of service to the maximum possible ceiling 3 .

Characteristics of the ability of a lawyer. Since ability is a prerequisite for success in activity, it is easy to understand that it is determined not by one quality of a person, but by their combination. His success does not depend on individual qualities, but on what kind of person he is in the systemic totality of his qualities. A lawyer's abilities are always an integral set, and not a scattering of certain qualities, the structure of which strictly corresponds to the requirements of legal work. The latter is characterized by two groups of requirements and, accordingly, two groups of abilities: socio-legal and special-legal.

Socio-legal abilities are determined by the social purpose and position of a lawyer. The main requirements for his personality, for his ability to be a lawyer - a prosecutor, judge, lawyer, police officer, to qualitatively achieve the goals of strengthening law and order - are determined by him. social role, his position as a statesman, a representative of power.

The special legal abilities of a lawyer are special qualities that are determined by the specifics of legal work, by what distinguishes it from other types of work, and which are important for him, but not obligatory for others. They can be divided into two subgroups: general - necessary for all lawyers and private abilities that should be inherent in individual specialists.

General abilities:

Highly developed sense of duty, honor, responsibility;

A heightened sense of justice and intolerance for evil;

Honesty, conscientiousness, exactingness to oneself, moral stability, incorruptibility;

Well-developed intellect, cognitive inquisitiveness, ingenuity, resourcefulness, combination;

Speech abilities, the ability to coherently, logically and accurately express one's thoughts;

Observation (situational and psychological), speed of orientation in the environment;

Good memory on faces, surnames, words, facts, figures;

Volitional qualities, activity, purposefulness, organization, independence, perseverance, perseverance, courage, resistance to risk, danger and failure, the ability to self-mobilize;

Organizational skills;

Representations and imagination, the ability to figuratively foresee, mentally play events;

The inclination and interest in working with people, the ability to understand them, to see their individual characteristics and capabilities, to correctly evaluate and use them;

Communication skills: sociability, accessibility, openness, goodwill, the ability to listen, to pay attention to the words of the interlocutor, to understand people, the ability to win over people;

Patience, poise, restraint, self-control, low level of hostility and aggressiveness;

Self-confidence, looseness in communication, high performance;

Reaction speed 4 .

Private abilities include certain qualities that are necessary only for investigators, only judges, only prosecutors, only district inspectors, etc. So, operational workers need the ability to reincarnate, a certain artistry, investigators need creativity (creative initiative of thinking), employees of preventive services need pedagogical, etc.

Mutually enriching and complementing each other, the abilities form an integrity, which is an important complex personal property of a lawyer. The presence of potential for their development underlies the psychological selection for work in law enforcement agencies. Their further actualization and flowering Occur when a lawyer is self-critical, demanding of himself, works with dedication and striving to achieve the highest results, shows creativity, initiative, independence, does not rest on his laurels, but is always business-like worried and dissatisfied.

3 Professional skills of an internal affairs officer and its psychological components

The work of strengthening law and order places high demands on the professional skills of legal personnel, and they are constantly increasing. The formation of professional skills is one of the most important tasks in the training of a specialist, and its solution determines the main content and methods of his vocational training.

Any activity in psychological terms is characterized not only by visible movements, but also those psychological and psychophysiological phenomena that play a programming, controlling and regulating role in relation to them. Understanding them, taking into account the patterns of their formation and functioning are an important aspect of a scientifically effective approach to learning.

professional skill,as a specific side of the preparedness of a specialist-personality for professional activity, isa high degree of his professional training, which allows him to competently solve professional problems.

A lawyer is a specialist in the field of jurisprudence, legal work, and the main thing in it is the conduct of legal affairs, i.e. life cases acting as separate, independent subjects of legal consideration (crimes, civil disputes, conflicts and other cases that require assessment, consideration and decision in accordance with the rules of law). His skill as a specialist, as a person professionally experienced in legal affairs, consists ofspecial legal training and professional psychological preparedness. The latter is due to the fact that his skill is associated with the art of communication, working with people, influencing them. It is irreducible to the impeccable execution of legally meaningful action for conducting legal affairs. It is impossible to present legal cases as if they consisted only of procedural right doing legally significant actions (summoning a witness, filing charges, examining the scene of an incident, etc.), drafting legal documents, drawing up evidence, conducting examinations, scientific conclusions, etc. It is impossible to remove a person from them, to ignore the dependence of their success on understanding and taking into account his psychology , personality, activity. Without this, they are like a dry tree without leaves, devoid of life and turned into a substance.

Special legal training of a lawyer, his knowledge.It is connected with the fact that he, as a specialist, has a set of relevant professional knowledge, skills and abilities.

Professional skills.No matter how important knowledge is, a professional is first of all a person who knows how to act professionally and get practical results. The psychological components of mastery that ensure this are professional skills and abilities.professional a skill is called an automated way to perform an action that ensures efficiencythe last one. Properties of skills: speed, accuracy, economy (performance with the minimum possible effort and energy expenditure), mechanicalness (performance without focusing on the technique of actions), stereotyping (the same performance during repetitions), conservatism (difficulty of change), reliability (counteraction to destructive factors - interruptions in performance, interference, negative mental states of a specialist), success 5 .

Professional skills.Professional Skill- uh then mastered by a specialist is a complex method of successful professional actions in non-standard, unusual, difficult situations. It is based on mental education, which combines the knowledge and skills of a specialist with special training to use them when acting in such situations. There are elements of automatism in the skill, but in general it is always carried out consciously. 1 In contrast to skill, thinking is clearly and actively represented in skill. If skills provide confident and effective actions in standard, almost identical, repetitive situations, then skill provides in non-standard, noticeably different from each other during repetitions. They are expressed in the training of a specialist so that he can study and understand the uniqueness of the situation, make an adequate decision for it, modify the order and methods of action so that they correspond to the realities of the situation; to act meaningfully, controlling oneself and making adjustments in actions, if necessary, in order to achieve the goal in the best possible way. There is always an element of creativity in skill.Skill Properties:the adequacy of the situation, meaningfulness, flexibility, the speed of execution that meets the situation, reliability, success.

4 Professional and psychological readiness of an internal affairs officer

The professional and psychological preparedness of a lawyer consists of a number of components.

Professionally- psychological knowledge. They represent the necessary awareness of a lawyer on the psychology of people, groups, psychological factors that affect the state of law and order, and others related to his professional activities. This is predominantly not abstract psychological knowledge, but “working” knowledge adapted to the specifics of legal activity, serving as the basis for understanding and meaningful use in solving legal problems.

Professional psychological skills. These are methods of practical consideration of psychological aspects in law enforcement, law enforcement and law enforcement activities, mastered by a professional of legal bodies. There are three main groups:

Analytics-psychological skills - the ability to see the psychological aspect in the planned and ongoing professional actions, the ability to competently analyze it, the ability to correctly assess its role and its impact on actions, the ability to psychologically reasonably make, correct and implement professional decisions;

Tactical-psychological skills are mastered methods of psychological actions that have tactical significance. They are based on professional psychological knowledge, but are not limited to them and are expressed in the professional's mastery of the ability to carry out psychological actions included in the process of solving legal problems, as well as to use psychological techniques that increase the effectiveness of legal actions proper (observation, examination, interrogation, personal investigation, etc.).

Technical and psychological skills characterize the mastery of basic psychological means by a lawyer: verbal, non-verbal and behavioral-role. A master of his craft is characterized by the ability to choose the right words and build phrases, pronounce them with appropriate emotional coloring, use facial expressions to give the appropriate expression to the face, and posture and gait - the necessary expressiveness, to present oneself, when necessary, smart and knowing everything or opposite to others and etc. 6 .

professionally developed psychological qualities. This third component of professional psychological readiness includes various psychological qualities that are of special importance for the activities of a law enforcement officer, but have received professional development in experience and the learning process. Among the most important of them are:

Professional sensations: increased sensitivity to professionally important signs, sounds, smells, to determining the body temperature of the murdered person by touch, sensitivity of the lateral field of vision, sensitivity of night vision, etc .;

Professional perceptions - visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.;

Professional observation, professional attentiveness, professional memory (increased ability to remember names, addresses, numbers of wanted cars; photographs, verbal and other portraits of persons passing through operational facilities; details of situations of legal significance, words, testimony, data on different persons, information stored in the materials of an operational or criminal case, etc.);

Professional performances: developed ability it is good to imagine in mind the plan of the city, microdistrict, upcoming actions; mentally play the planned situation of detention, etc.;

Professional thinking: social, legal, investigative, operational, psychological, pedagogical, tactical, etc.;

Professional artistry - the ability to transform, role-playing behavior, etc.;

Professional vigilance, readiness for the unexpected, etc.

The basis of these qualities is the general level of their development in a particular employee. However, with professional development, there is a significant increment to the general indicators of new, acquired, specifically professional ones, improving their manifestations in activity by 2-3.5 times. Professional and psychological stability is the fourth component of an employee's professional and psychological readiness. Any activity requires from a person increased internal activity, a certain mobilization of internal forces and mental stress. The higher its difficulties, the higher the internal tension, the more noticeable the impact on the efficiency of human activity. Law enforcement activities are carried out in situations characterized by the presence of psychogenic factors, i.e. events, circumstances, conditions that have a noticeable psychological impact on employees of law enforcement agencies and that can adversely affect the results of the tasks being solved. Therefore, the psychological stability of law enforcement officers should be high and professionalized, i.e. resistance to psychogenic factors specific to their professional activity. As studies have shown, this resilience is a psychological alloy:

General psychological stability this employee;

Acquaintance (visual, sound and other) with all psychogenic factors, making them expected and less impressive;

Sufficient experience in solving professional problems in the presence of all psychogenic factors, leading to a significant weakening of their influence on this employee and the results of his activities;

Development of self-control, the ability to manage their mental state and behavior.

findings

The professional and psychological readiness of a law enforcement officer, as an important, integral part of his professional skills, is objectively due to the fact that all legal activities, the struggle to strengthen the rule of law are immersed in the life of society and its citizens, in a boil of passions, an unquenchable thirst for satisfying needs (often deformed ), into a clash of goals and intentions of different people, into conflicts, aggravated relationships - into everything that includes real living life, social and psychological reality. All this is not some part, a "piece" in the work, but its essence.

It is not enough for a professional to be right, one must also achieve obedience, people's understanding of the justice and humanity of his demands, increase the prestige of the rule of law and law enforcement, and active assistance from citizens. It is simply impossible for him to effectively solve legal problems, limiting himself to their “purely legal” side, just as it is impossible to divide the consciousness, thoughts, feelings, actions of people between different departments. It is clear that the practical ability to understand the whole gamut of psychological shades and dependencies of one's work characterizes the real readiness for it of a lawyer, judge, investigator, operative worker, district inspector, manager and other specialists, their professional skills.

The professional psychological readiness of a professional of a legal body is his readiness to understand and take into account the psychological aspects in the exercise of his professional activities, to overcome psychological difficulties on the way to solving professional problems. It organically complements his special legal training and contributes to the acquisition of genuine professional skills.

List of used literature

Actual problems moral and psychological training of the personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs (Based on the materials of the scientific practical conference). - M.: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2002. - 125 p.
Gutseriev Kh.S., Salnikov V.P., Fedorov V.P., Khudyak A.I. Legal and spiritual culture of law enforcement officers. - St. Petersburg: MPBUI, 2006. - 92 p.
Applied legal psychology. Ed. A.M. Stolyarenko .. - M, 2008
Semko M.A. Features of cognitive activity: characteristic mental processes and their accounting in the work of police officers: Lecture. - M.: MUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2004. - 24 p.
Tretiak V.G. Organization psychological support educational process at the Krasnodar Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia / Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers: Collection of theses of reports. – M.: MVD, 2000. – P.298-299.

1 Vasiliev V.L. Legal psychology. - 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg: Piter, 2008. - 624 p.

2 Applied legal psychology. Ed. A.M. Stolyarenko .. - M, 2008.

4 Dulov A.V. Psychological support of the educational process in the system educational institutions Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers: Sat. abstracts of reports. - M.: MVD, 2000. - P.58.

5 Agafonov Yu.A. et al. Psychology and pedagogy in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies: Educational and practical guide. - Krasnodar: KUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2006. - 197 p.

6 Tretiak V.G. Educational activity and individual characteristics of trainees of the Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: Scientific and methodological manual. - Krasnodar: KUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2006. - 110 p.

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Psychology in the activities of police officers

Psychological aspects activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD)

Doing
3. Professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies
Question: what changes have occurred in your professional activity in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Conclusion

Doing

The training of highly qualified internal affairs officers requires the study of their psychological activities. Modern society poses complex tasks for the law enforcement agencies of Russia, the solution of which requires improving the results of individual and group activities of internal affairs officers, primarily through professional skills.

The effectiveness of the performance of job duties by an employee, largely determined by the quality of his professional training, also depends on psychological characteristics relationship of a person to his profession.

Target control work consists in studying the psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD).

Tasks of control work:

1) to study the psychological characteristics of actions and activities;

2) determine the psychological structure of law enforcement;

3) consider the professional competence of employees of the internal affairs bodies;

4) study the professional profile of a police officer.

When writing the control work, educational literature on legal psychology was used, as well as separate works on the psychology of internal affairs officers.

The methodological basis of the control work is general scientific methods(analysis, synthesis, generalization and analogy) and methods of private scientific knowledge (formal-logical, systemic and complex analysis).

1. Psychological features of actions and activities

The human psyche is known and manifested in certain activities. A person acts in life as a doer, creator and builder, regardless of what type of work he is engaged in. The activity reveals the richness of the spiritual and mental world of the individual: the depth of the mind and experiences, the power of imagination and will, abilities and character traits.

Activity is a human specific form of active attitude to the surrounding world, the content of which is its expedient change and transformation. Human activity involves a certain opposition of the subject and object of activity. A person sees for himself the object of activity as a material that must receive new form and properties, turn from a material into a product of activity.

Activity is a social category inherent in people in society. Animals, on the other hand, have the vital activity they need to survive in nature. The human personality goes through its development precisely in the activity in the process of which the human consciousness is formed. Activity is real driving force social progress and a condition for the very existence of society.

Signs of activity:

This is always the activity of the subject, is of a public nature;

Activity is the interaction of the subject with the object, i.e., it is necessarily subject, meaningful;

It is characterized by purposefulness, planning and duration;

She is always creative;

Independent.

The social nature of activity lies in the fact that any activity in its content and methods of implementation is the result of social and historical development by society together in the process of its historical development.

Purposefulness of activity is connected with the fact that it is realized and aimed at achieving a certain result.

Planned activity consists in the fact that it is a certain system of individual actions.

Activities can be classified according to different grounds. It can be divided into:

1) material and spiritual;

2) production, labor and non-labor;

3) reproductive (aimed at obtaining an already known result by known means) and productive (creativity) associated with the development of new goals and their corresponding means or with the achievement of known goals with the help of new means.

Action is the unit of analysis in activity.

Actions can be directed not only to the object, but also to the people around. In this case, these actions become an act of behavior, an act.

A set of actions united by a common goal and performing a specific social function constitutes an activity.

The action consists of: 1) motor (motor) part; 2) mental (inner) part; 3) mental (sensory) part.

Thus, the basic thesis of the theory of activity is formulated as follows: it is not consciousness that determines activity, but activity that determines consciousness.

2. Psychological structure of law enforcement

Motivation (from the Greek motif from the Latin moveo - I move) is the external or internal motivation of the subject to act in order to achieve any goals, the presence of interest in such activities and the ways of its initiation, motivation. Methods and techniques are actions taken by a person in order to achieve the goals of the activity.

Goals are the most significant objects, phenomena, tasks and objects for a person, the achievement and possession of which constitute the essence of his activity. The goal appears in the image of the result of activity.

The result is the result of the activity, what the individual achieves.

As a general characteristic of legal work, it should be noted that this activity is complex in social relations open system, since it is included in a wide range legal system society and solves the tasks set by the state of justice, personal and public safety, the fight against crime. The dominant types of law enforcement activities are:

Investigation of crimes;

Interrogation of suspects, witnesses, victims

In crime;

Inspection of crime scenes;

Carrying out searches, identifications, investigative experiments;

Search for evidence related to the commission of crimes;

Organization of the work of other specialists involved in the investigation (experts, doctors, psychologists, teachers, etc.);

Finding out the causes and conditions for the commission of crimes;

Maintaining documentation (drawing up protocols, resolutions);

Analysis of the collected data on the crime;

Collection of information necessary to solve the crime;

Preventive measures aimed at reducing crime.

Elements of the psychological structure of law enforcement:

1) Professional motivation. On this basis, in the process of vocational training, the subjects of legal labor form an appropriate professional motivation, which includes a complex set of needs, interests, ideals and beliefs. In the structure of the motivation of a lawyer, such motives as the desire for justice, love for truth, a sense of duty, patriotism, the desire to help people and protect them from troubles play a special role.

2) Goals - achieving justice (for example, the desire to punish the perpetrator of a crime), helping the victims in their desire to establish the truth in the case, to achieve justice, etc.

3) Means - powers to conduct business (competence) defined in the law

4) The result is the punishment of those responsible, the restoration of violated rights (for example, the return of stolen property), etc.

3. Professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies

The activity of an internal affairs officer belongs to the socionomic type of professions such as "man - man" ("man - group" and "man - society"), since it is associated with constant interaction with people, evaluating their actions from the standpoint of the law.

The main psychological features of the professional activity of an internal affairs officer are:

1) legal regulation (normativity) of professional behavior, decisions made by police officers and other lawyers professionally involved in law enforcement activities.

All law enforcement activities of employees of state-legal structures are clearly regulated by law. Breaking the law, neglecting one's own official duties and principles for are unacceptable and testify, first of all, to the low level of his professional qualifications;

2) the imperious, mandatory nature of the professional powers of officials of law enforcement agencies.

This provision forms the need for strict, most accurate and high-quality execution of legal requirements, forms the orientation of the individual, her lawful behavior. It is the need to comply with moral, legal norms that is the main, socially significant quality of a person that forms his legal consciousness. And all this together makes high level socialization of the individual, the responsibility of police officers to society, the normative nature of their behavior;

3) the extreme nature of law enforcement.

The professional activity of legal workers, primarily those who have to fight crime, in some cases is very stressful, due to the performance of complex, monotonous work in conditions of lack of information, time, active resistance of interested parties, unwillingness to make contact, ignoring them legal norms.

4) non-standard, creative nature of legal work.

All this leads to neuropsychic overload, which is aggravated by irregular changes in working conditions, violations of the usual daily routine, forced refusal to rest, which leads to a state of mental tension, emotional instability, the appearance of neurotic reactions, various disorders and diseases;

5) procedural independence, personal (for many - increased) responsibility of police officers. The Federal Law "On Police" dated February 07, 2011 N 3-FZ states that:

The police carry out its activities on the basis of observance and respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The activities of the police that restrict the rights and freedoms of citizens are immediately terminated if a legitimate goal is achieved or it becomes clear that this goal cannot or should not be achieved by restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens. A police officer is prohibited from resorting to torture, violence, other cruel or degrading treatment. A police officer is obliged to stop actions that deliberately inflict pain, physical or moral suffering on a citizen "(parts 1-3, art. 5).

A police officer is prohibited from inciting, persuading, inducing, directly or indirectly, anyone to commit unlawful acts. (parts 3.4, article 6);

A police officer, both on duty and off duty, must refrain from any actions that may cast doubt on his impartiality or damage the authority of the police (part 4 of article 7).

Particularly significant in the practical activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies are 4 main aspects of psychological unpreparedness and related psychological problems:

Unpreparedness for psychological overload, volume of work, pressure of psychological responsibility for procedural decisions (application of preventive measures, bringing to criminal responsibility);

Lack of formation of professionally important psychological qualities in individual employees;

The absence in many subdivisions of a system of professionally sharpened training in order to develop psychological skills and abilities specific to investigative work.

Unpreparedness for psychological confrontation, which is often imposed on suspects, accused and other persons.

One of the leading directions for improving the activities of internal affairs bodies is the psychological training of employees. The contents of the psychological training of employees include the following.

1. Shaping psychological readiness to the fight against crime.

2. Development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational activities.

3. Formation and development of professionally significant cognitive qualities.

4. Improvement and development of skills and abilities to establish psychological contact with various categories of citizens.

5. Formation of skills of role behavior in various situations of operational activities.

6. Improving the skills of applying psychological and pedagogical methods of influence in difficult, conflict situations of communication with citizens.

7. Formation of psychological stress resistance, the ability to control oneself in tense situations of operational activities.

8. Development of positive emotional and volitional qualities of a person, training employees in self-regulation and self-government techniques.

9. Formation of volitional activity and skills of volitional actions.

10. Preparation for mental overload at work.

4. Professiogram of a police officer

Professiogram (from Latin Professio - specialty + Gramma - record) - a system of features that describe a particular profession, and also includes a list of norms and requirements for this profession or specialty to an employee. In particular, the professiogram may include a list of psychological characteristics that representatives of specific professional groups must meet.

The professional profile of a police officer is a scientifically based list of interrelated types (parts) of activity, as well as professionally important personality traits that affect the success of professional activity.

The main substructures of the professional activity of a police officer:

1) cognitive-prognostic (cognitive);

2) communicative (communication);

3) organizational and managerial;

4) educational (preventive).

1. Cognitive and prognostic activity underlies the professional profile of a police officer and consists in collecting initial information about the situation, the person suspected of committing a crime, etc.

In solving these problems, the role of professional and life experience of a police officer, as well as professional and psychological qualities, is great:

Psychological observation (the ability to notice external manifestations states of citizens, to guess their psychological motives for actions and deeds);

To be able to observe oneself, providing self-control, managing one's own behavior and timely correction of mistakes made;

Professionally developed thinking, memory, imagination, intuition (isolate the essential signs of an offense, determine the circumstances to be proven in the case; evaluate relationships with a citizen, remember professionally significant information, etc.);

Predictive abilities (predict the consequences of an event, which will allow you to make the right decision);

Ownership writing, which is distinguished by the observance of the rules of grammar, logic, style in the design of forms specially provided for by law: resolutions, protocols, reports, etc.

2. Communicative activity is reduced to the main tools in the work of a police officer - speech and language.

The success of an employee's interaction with citizens and colleagues depends on psychological contact and trusting relationships between them, and this, in turn, is related to the level of knowledge and professional communication experience.

Professionally important qualities of an employee that affect the success of communicative activity:

Positive orientation is not people;

Intellectual abilities (mindfulness, observation, intelligence, curiosity, etc.);

Emotional qualities (poise, goodwill, empathy, etc.);

Volitional qualities (self-control, determination, purposefulness, etc.);

Communication skills (taking into account the individual abilities of citizens, establishing psychological contact and trusting relationships with various categories of citizens and employees, overcoming conflicts, etc.);

Culture of speech, communication, behavior (tact, politeness, etc.).

3. Organizational and managerial activity. A police officer also acts as an organizer of his own professional activities (for example, a traffic police officer controls compliance with the rules traffic), making responsible decisions and achieving their implementation.

To carry out organizational and managerial activities, an employee of the internal affairs bodies needs the following professionally important qualities, skills and abilities:

The ability to accurately navigate in activities, to understand the qualities of people and their capabilities;

The ability to organize one's own activities, as well as the activities and behavior of others (especially in extreme situations);

Organization, energy, perseverance, ensuring activities to monitor compliance with traffic rules, traffic regulation, etc .;

Responsibility, exactingness, resourcefulness in managing the activities of road users, colleagues in the performance of their duties;

Endurance, self-criticism, discipline, feeling dignity in relationships with colleagues, officials, management.

The ability to exert a controlling influence on road users, the reasonable use of power.

4. Educational activities include preventive measures, legal propaganda among citizens, the provision of educational influence on citizens, officials, a partner (especially less experienced in professional and everyday terms).

The effectiveness of its implementation depends on the following qualities, skills and abilities:

High level of legal consciousness and moral qualities;

Sustainable professional orientation (interest in the profession; motives that encourage the effectiveness of professional activity);

Positive emotional attitude to the profession and professional activities;

Communication skills;

The ability to provide educational and preventive impact on various social and age categories of traffic offenders, etc.

Qualities that impede the effectiveness of professional activity:

1) formal attitude to work;

2) inability to express their thoughts;

3) bad development long-term memory;

4) distraction;

5) inability to perceive new information;

6) lack of ability to establish contacts with people;

7) incontinence;

8) cruelty, aggressiveness, intolerant attitude towards people.

psychological law enforcement professiogram police

Question: what changes have occurred in your professional activity in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

The following changes can be distinguished:

A new regulatory framework has been created. Three basic federal laws "On the Police", "On Social Guarantees for Employees of Internal Affairs Bodies...", "On Service in Internal Affairs Bodies..." have been adopted;

A unified federal structure of internal affairs bodies has been formed;

There was a technological update and implementation modern forms and methods of work;

Improved social security.

The opinion of the population on the quality of the work of the internal affairs bodies is taken into account on the basis of independent sources of sociological information.

On the whole, professional activity became more responsible.

Conclusion

The result of the consideration of the psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies are the following key concepts:

Activity is a human specific form of active attitude to the surrounding world, the content of which is its expedient change and transformation. The basic thesis of the theory of activity is "It is not consciousness that determines activity, but activity determines consciousness."

Actions are movements of a social nature, aimed at an object and pursuing a specific goal.

Any activity, including law enforcement, includes: 1) motives; 2) ways; 3) purpose; 4) means; 5) result; 4) the process of activity itself. An integral feature of activity is its awareness.

The dominant types of law enforcement activities are: investigation of crimes; conducting interrogations of suspects, witnesses, victims of a crime; inspections of crime scenes; conducting searches, analyzing the collected data on the crime, etc.

P psychological features of the professional activity of an internal affairs officer: 1) legal regulation (normativity) of professional behavior; 2) the imperious, mandatory nature of the professional powers of officials of law enforcement agencies. 3) extreme nature of law enforcement activities; 4) procedural independence, personal responsibility.

Bibliography

1. the federal law"On the Police" dated February 07, 2011 N 3-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2011. - N 7. - Art. 900.

2. Bondarenko, T. L. Legal psychology for investigators. Tutorial/ T. L. Bondarenko. - M., 2010.

3. Lebedev, I. B., Rodin, V. F., Tsvetkov, V. L. Legal psychology: textbook. 2nd edition, supplemented / Ed. V. Ya. Kikotya. - M., 2012.

4. Osintseva, A. V., Germanova, O. V. Professionally important personality traits of an internal affairs officer depending on the type of activity / A. V. Osintseva, O. V. Germanova // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. - 2009. - No. 4.

5. Prostyakov, VV Psychological requirements for the personality and professional activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies / VV Prostyakov // Legal psychology. - 2012. - N 1.

6. Legal psychology. Textbook for university students. / I. I. Aminov et al. - M., 2012.

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3. Psychological requirements for a person police officer

- related with the content of the work of an internal affairs officer

With legal regulation of activity.

With opposition from stakeholders.

With authority.

With the protection of official secrets.

With a lack of time.

4. The role of communication in the professional activities of an internal affairs officer.

Communication is a complex multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people. Includes the exchange of information, perception and understanding of another person.

The police officer, as the subject of all kinds of interpersonal contacts, actively participates in various types professional communication - with a different category of citizens, management ... (confrontation, interrogation, and also non-procedural forms of communication)

5. Receptions and methods of effective communication in law enforcement.

Communication (communication) - this is a deliberate influence and impact on the behavior, state, attitudes of the partner. During communication, there is an exchange of information, mutual influence, mutual assessment, empathy, the formation of beliefs, attitudes, and character.

Ways of transmitting information in communication: VERBAL (speech) and NON-VERBAL (facial expressions, gestures, posture, intonation)

Ways to communicate effectively:

Psychotechnics of visual diagnostics of the interlocutor

Technique of psychological influence

Technique for establishing psychological contact and confidential communication

Psychotechnics of conflict-free interaction.

6. Basic forms of interaction in communication. The specifics of the employee's professional communication.

Professional communication of an internal affairs officer is a process of establishing and maintaining psychological contact, determined by law and official etiquette, which allows solving the tasks of maintaining public order and combating crime.

The main functions of communications are:

1.Smart function- associated with mutual perception and understanding of each other, assessment of mental states, manifestations of other individual characteristics of people.

2 .Information function- includes the transfer of various information, the exchange of thoughts and feelings in the process of communication.

Mutual action function- organization of interaction, correction of the behavior of other persons.

Main factors,affecting the success of communications and establishing psychological contact in official activities are:

1. Employee identity(his sociability, ability to establish and maintain contact even under adverse circumstances).

2. Personality of people with whom police officers interact.

3.Terms of communication during which psychological contact and relationships are established with citizens and employees in solving professional problems.

7. The essence of interaction and influence in the process of communication.

Methods of influence:

Infection is an unconscious, involuntary exposure of a person to a certain mental state.

Imitation is the reproduction of the features and image of demonstrative behavior.

Suggestion is a purposeful, not reasoned influence of one person on another.

Persuasion is a purposeful reasoned influence of one person on others.

Any professional activity imposes certain requirements on a person and leaves a peculiar imprint on his personality and whole way of life. In order to determine what personal qualities that determine the effectiveness of professional activity, an employee of the internal affairs bodies should have, it is necessary to subject this activity itself to psychological analysis, identify its specific features, and reveal its structure. Finding out the patterns of professional activity allows not only to study it, but also to develop a system of organizational measures aimed at its improvement.

With service in the internal affairs bodies is accompanied by extreme loads, activities take place in tense, difficult conditions associated with the use of weapons, physical strength, special means. Not only the results of service activities, but also the life and health of employees depend on the conscientiousness and professional skills of the personnel.

The increase in the complexity of the tasks being solved, the recognition of the dominant importance of legal and moral principles in the operational activities of personnel require the search for new approaches to ensure high efficiency in the professional selection and training of employees of the internal affairs bodies.

Psychological features of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies

The psychological features of the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies are currently studied in some detail in legal psychology. At the same time, the development of this problem was carried out both in terms of a psychological analysis of the structure of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies, and in terms of the psychological characteristics of the complex of psychological characteristics inherent in it.

According to the authors who conducted these studies (V.L. Vasiliev, A.V. Dulov, V.E. Konovalova, A.R. Ratinov, A.M. Stolyarenko and others), the activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is characterized by the following specific psychological features.

First, this legal regulation of activities employees of internal affairs bodies is one of the most specific features of professional activity in this area. The activities of employees are strictly regulated by legal norms (legislative acts, regulatory documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.). This feature distinguishes the work of employees of the internal affairs bodies from numerous branches of human practice, where the performance of work is determined by general plans or instructions and creates a wide opportunity for the free implementation of their personal ideas about the most effective organization labor. Legal regulation subordinates the activities of the employee to the order strictly established by the norms of the law. Failure to perform or improper performance by an employee of their official duties is always a violation of a particular law. All this ultimately gives rise to increased employee responsibility for their decisions and actions.

This, however, does not mean that the employee is not free in his will, in the choice of means of carrying out activities, its most rational and effective organization. Among the psychological features of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies, one should also include the presence of a wide tactical scope, which is given to them within the framework of the norms of the law and professional morality.

Another psychological feature of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies is the presence of power. In the interests of the cause, employees have been granted the right, if necessary, to invade the privacy of people, find out circumstances that they often try to hide from others, enter the homes of citizens, restrict, in necessary cases, the freedom of individual citizens and even deprive them of it. The psychological state of an employee vested with this power is determined primarily a high degree responsibility, and the use of his powers involves the solution of a number of mental tasks that make it possible to determine the necessity and reasonableness of actions, their legal basis. Often this is due to the need to dwell on one of the options and therefore is characterized by particular tension. The ability to reasonably, legally use the granted power is one of the most important professional requirements for employees of the internal affairs bodies. To a large extent, the legitimacy and expediency of using power depends on the personal qualities of the employee.

An important psychological feature of the professional activity of employees is the constant confrontation and resistance interested persons. This gives the officer's activities in detecting, investigating and preventing crimes the character of a struggle, sometimes taking very sharp forms. The need to overcome dangerous situations, eliminate obstacles that are specially created in the way of an employee, cause him to have various emotional reactions, require constant volitional tension and active mental activity. In conditions of active confrontation, there is a need for constant complex intellectual work, encryption of one's goals, and masking of real social roles.

next characteristic feature professional activity is sociability as the ability to communicate with a wide range of environment. It is multifaceted and exceptional. The versatility of the employee’s sociability lies in the fact that he communicates with representatives of different age categories, with people of different professions, occupying different positions. legal status. This requires knowledge of human psychology in general and psychological foundations communication in particular. Sociability of an employee is a feature necessary for the proper organization of the production of various investigative, operational-search and preventive measures.

A distinctive feature of the employee's sociability is that it requires reincarnation. The need for this is explained by the importance of establishing psychological contact with all persons falling within the scope of its activities.

The specific features of the professional activity of an employee include lack of time and overload in his work. Efficiency and speed are among the basic principles for the disclosure and investigation of crimes. The longer the offender is at large, the more opportunities he has to evade responsibility, destroy the traces of his criminal activity, and hide from the investigation. On his side is always a gain in time. Delay in investigation leads to failure.

On the other hand, the shortage of time is manifested in the need to comply with procedural and other deadlines that are allotted for the investigation of a criminal case, consideration of citizens' applications, etc. The employee is constantly in a tense state because of this. The fact that in other types of activity is characteristic only of "emergency situations" is common in the work of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

Tension is also associated with the great physical and mental stress experienced by the employee due to high extremity its activities, with actions in the conditions conflict situation, with the impact of various kinds of stress factors, irregular working hours, the presence of a negative emotional coloring of activity, since the employee has to deal with manifestations of human grief, difficult conditions of his official activity.

And of course, the professional activity of an employee is distinguished by a pronounced cognitive character , which requires not only a diverse solution of mental problems different plan and difficulties, but also the organization of their practical implementation. At the same time, purely mental activity, with the aim of building various versions, drawing up plans for the implementation of operational and service activities and work plans as a whole, is combined with the practical organization of work that implements mental schemes and decisions.

In the professional activity of employees of internal affairs bodies, the following main elements can be distinguished: cognitive, constructive, organizational and communicative activities. Of course, in the real work of employees, each of these structural components is not found in its pure form, they are all carried out in an organic unity.

cognitive activity. It is difficult to overestimate its importance for all activities of the employee. Without the implementation of cognitive activity, it is impossible to achieve any goal of the fight against crime, without knowledge, neither the activity as a whole, nor any of the above types of it can be realized. Only as a result of the process of cognition does it become possible to purposefully carry out other actions of the employee.

In order to solve the problems of combating crime, the cognitive activity of an employee must ensure the establishment of facts, circumstances, causal dependencies related to events of the present, past, and future time. For example, on the collection, analysis, generalization of information to identify persons of operational interest, and anticipation of their illegal actions in the future, all work on the prevention of crimes, as well as work on the disclosure of committed crimes, is based.

Taking into account the complexity, diversity, variety of tasks solved by the employee, the insufficiency, and often inconsistency of their conditions, the variability of the initial data, the presence of elements of surprise, etc., it is possible with good reason to attribute the employee's cognitive activity to creative, and the main form of providing knowledge in it call practical creative thinking.

constructive activity. It is understood as mental activity aimed at planning actions to detect, investigate, prevent crimes, search for hidden criminals, etc. If during the implementation of cognitive activity, thinking mainly seeks to answer the questions: what is still unknown, what needs to be additionally discovered, found to solve a specific problem, then in constructive activity, the planning of the stages of cognitive activity themselves is carried out, i.e. it gives an answer to the question: in what sequence we will search for the unknown. In other words, the search and constructive activities of an employee are two sides of a single process of thinking, characterizing its different stages.

Organizational activity. It aims to provide optimal conditions for the implementation of all other types of professional activities of the employee. Its content is the management of the processes of disclosure, investigation, prevention of crimes, which is manifested in the operational management, accounting and control, maintaining interaction between the participants in these processes. It consists of both the transfer and exchange of information, and the organization of the actions of other persons who, by the nature of their duties, must follow the instructions of the employee.

Communicative activity. As noted above, the professional activity of an employee is characterized by wide communication. His communicative activity is to receive necessary information through communication, i.e. direct verbal contact with others in order to solve practical operational tasks. In order to influence people in the process of communication, the personality of an employee must harmoniously combine sufficiently high intelligence and erudition with a strong will, as well as a set of personal properties that determine his human attractiveness.

Psychological characteristics of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies

The psychological characteristics of employees of internal affairs bodies have long been the object of research by psychologists. The very purpose of such a social institution as the police determines the special requirements for the personality of each employee. Constant presence in an aggressive and criminally oriented environment, irregular working hours, access to weapons and the right to use them cannot but affect the adequacy of reactions. The currently available research in the field of psychology of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as a rule, concerns the study of their reliability, aggressiveness, and the ability to control the use of weapons. The structure of the subdivisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is wide, and belonging to them affects the types of activities, volume, frequency, emotional involvement, the nature of contacts with the population, etc.

The development of professional competence of police officers is determined by the difficulties associated with time constraints, financial, intellectual-informational and other human resources. There is a period of adaptation to the conditions of service in the police department, during which the development of the following key competencies is carried out: operational-investigative, legal, organizational, analytical, communicative and social. They implement the following main directions: relating to oneself as a person, as a subject of life; relating to human interaction with other people; related to professional activity. Professional competence is defined as an integral property of a person that characterizes her desire and ability to realize her potential (knowledge, skills, experience, personal qualities, etc.) for successful activities in the law enforcement field. The process of developing the professional competence of police officers is defined as achieving compliance of the professional and personal development of an employee with the requirements of official activities and the needs of the individual himself in the motivated performance of his official, operational and social duties with a high consciousness of public duty.

The multiplicity of tasks facing the police leads to the development of multifunctionality in activities, the allocation of groups of employees who perform specific functions. The activities of various police officers, differing in the methods used, coincide in their target parameters. The link that unites them and makes them interact closely is the presence of a single object of activity - the criminal (offender).

Even the most general review the main psychological characteristics and structural elements of the employee's professional activity shows how complex and multifaceted his activity is. She makes many different demands on him, among which one of the most important is the possession developed professionally significant personality traits .

First of all, they include:

professional and psychological orientation of his personality;

psychological stability;

developed volitional qualities (the ability to control oneself in difficult situations, courage, courage, a reasonable inclination to take risks);

well-developed communication skills (the ability to quickly establish contact with various categories of people, establish and maintain trusting relationships);

the ability to have a psychological impact on people in solving various kinds of operational tasks;

role-playing skills, the ability to transform;

developed professionally significant cognitive qualities (professional observation and attentiveness, professionally developed memory, creative imagination);

professionally developed thinking, a tendency to intense mental work, quick wit, developed intuition;

responsiveness, ability to navigate in a difficult environment.

These qualities are not inherent in a person initially. Their formation and development is a long and intense process, but this is a necessary condition for the professional development of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The absence or insufficient development of these qualities of the employee's personality hinders the normal implementation of his functional duties, generates errors in his activities, causes the processes of professional maladaptation and professional deformation of the personality. In this connection great importance acquires professional and psychological training of employees, one of the purposes of which is the formation of these qualities in employees.

Psychological training of employees of internal affairs bodies

One of the leading directions for improving the activities of internal affairs bodies is the psychological training of employees. The purpose of such training is to develop their readiness to act professionally, competently, clearly, with high efficiency in any difficult conditions of official activity.

Operational activities place special demands on personal qualities employees, first of all to professionally important ones. The features of this activity require the development of emotional and volitional stability among employees, the formation of their psychological reliability when exposed to stress factors.

The main tasks of psychological preparation are

in that, to:

- increase the psychological stability of employees of internal affairs bodies to the action of stress factors and their combinations, typical for internal affairs bodies;

- to develop psychological qualities in employees, to form special characteristics of skills and abilities that contribute to the highly effective performance of all professional actions in any complex and hazardous conditions operational activities.

Psychological readiness is a complex component of the professional skills of employees. This is a set of formed and developed psychological characteristics of an employee that meet the specific and important psychological characteristics of operational activities and are one of the necessary prerequisites for its implementation. It is made up of four groups of components:

professional and psychological orientation and sensitivity of the employee (desire, interest and ability to understand the psychological aspects of situations and people with whom he deals, the ability to understand them);

readiness an employee on the psychological aspects of the effectiveness of professional actions and tactics, manifested in the understanding of the psychological conditions for the effectiveness of professional actions and the ability to ensure their creation; skillful use psychological means implementation of professional actions (verbal and non-verbal), in the skillful application of the whole complex psychological tricks providing more high efficiency solving operational tasks;

developed professional observation and memory employee (includes the ability to apply psychologically based techniques and rules to improve the efficiency of professional observation, developed professional attentiveness, training of the senses and perception, training in quick, complete and accurate memorization, good retention in memory and correct reproduction of information significant for the tasks being solved);

psychological stability (expressed in the ability of an employee to act calmly and confidently in psychologically difficult, emotionally intense, dangerous and responsible situations of operational activities).

Psychological readiness significantly increases the professional skills of the employee. Scientific data and existing positive experience point to the need to introduce special tasks, forms and methods of targeted improvement of psychological preparedness in the system of vocational training. Psychological training is now an important type of professional training in the internal affairs bodies, it is a specially organized, purposeful process of influencing employees to form, develop and activate necessary qualities that determine the successful, efficient performance of operational and service tasks.

The very psychological preparation is due to the peculiarities of the performance of employees. In accordance with this, the content of psychological training should be characterized by a clearly defined professional orientation.

To the content of psychological preparation employees include the following:

formation of psychological readiness for the fight against crime;

development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational activities;

formation and development of professionally significant cognitive qualities;

improvement and development of skills and abilities to establish psychological contact with various categories of citizens;

formation of skills of role behavior in various situations of operational activity;

improving the skills to apply psychological and pedagogical methods of influence in difficult, conflict situations of communication with citizens;

formation of psychological stability of the ability to control oneself in tense situations of operational and service activities;

development of positive emotional and volitional qualities of a person, training employees in self-regulation and self-government techniques;

formation of volitional activity and skills of volitional actions;

preparation for mental overload at work.

In our opinion, formation of psychological readiness to fight crime is the most important in psychological preparation. The main thing here is the formation of the professional orientation of employees, the development of their persistent professional interests in their activities. This also implies the formation of intolerance to all kinds of offenses among employees, a strong habit of unconditional compliance with legal norms, a heightened sense of truth, justice and legality.

Development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational activities involves familiarizing employees with the basics of psychology, developing their skills and habits to take into account the psychology of people and groups in their work. Orientation in the psychological aspects of operational activities implies knowledge and consideration by employees of the psychological characteristics of ongoing investigative, operational-search and other actions.

Professionally significant cognitive qualities ensure the effectiveness of the cognitive activity of employees. Such qualities include professional sensitivity, perception, observation, memory, thinking, imagination. Special exercises and training for the development of these qualities require employees to master the basic techniques and knowledge of certain rules to increase the efficiency of memorization, preservation and reproduction of professionally significant information, the development of logical thinking and creative imagination. The conducted studies (A.M. Stolyarenko, A.A. Volkov, O.E. Saparin, our own) show that the purposeful development of these qualities with the help of practical exercises and special trainings can improve their development indicators by 2-3 times.

Improvement and development skills and abilities to establish psychological contact with various categories of citizens also very important for psychological preparation. The activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is unthinkable without constant communication with various categories of citizens (victims, witnesses, suspects, accountable, etc.). The quality of the operationally significant information received depends on the ability of employees to communicate with them, establish psychological contact, trusting relationships, which in turn affects the success of the activity as a whole. In the course of psychological training, employees must master the system of methods and techniques for establishing psychological contact. They must develop the ability to quickly establish contact with strangers and win them over, the ability to listen to people, the ability to overcome psychological barriers in the process of communication. Psychological training involves the assimilation by employees of certain rules that make it easier to establish psychological contact.

A necessary component of the professional skills of an employee of the internal affairs bodies are skills of role behavior in various situations of operational activities , they are used to obtain information necessary for the disclosure or prevention of crimes. In this regard, in the course of psychological training, employees must develop the ability to disguise their belonging to the internal affairs bodies, their true qualities and states, and the goals of communication.

Need to develop and improve the ability to apply psychological and pedagogical methods of influence in difficult, conflict situations of communication with citizens. Such situations are the most typical for the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, so it becomes very important to develop the ability of employees to neutralize a conflict situation, teaching them how to resolve conflicts. The effectiveness of the work of employees largely depends on the skillful use of certain methods of psychological and pedagogical influence on people, such as persuasion, suggestion, coercion, stimulation. Employees should also develop the skills to use various tactical methods of behavior in a situation of conflict behavior, including the use of a conflict situation for operational purposes.

In everyday practical work, employees are exposed to many adverse psychological circumstances that can affect the quality of their professional activities. And psychological stability, ability to control oneself in tense situations of operational activities are considered as one of the most important indicators of psychological readiness, which is manifested in the ability of employees not to succumb to the influence of negative circumstances. Here it is important to develop knowledge and skills to anticipate these difficulties in solving operational tasks. The formation of psychological stability contributes to the training of employees in the impeccable performance of professional actions in conditions of maximum psychological difficulties, which can be achieved by modeling tension in the process of training and practical exercises.

Development of positive emotional and volitional qualities of a person, training employees in self-regulation and self-government techniques is also an integral part of psychological preparation. The formation of psychological stability and the ability to control oneself in stressful situations involves the development of certain emotional and volitional personality traits in employees, such as responsibility, resistance to failure, propensity and resistance to risk, self-control, endurance, etc. The employee must master the techniques of self-control of behavior, manage their behavior and emotions. In the process of training and training, employees must master the methods of self-regulation, removing nervous tension, activation of internal resources to complete the task.

Psychological preparation includes formation of volitional activity and skills of volitional actions . In practical activities, employees of the internal affairs bodies have to face various difficulties, obstacles that impede the quality of work, and sometimes hinder the achievement of the goal. In these situations, they have to show volitional activity that encourages them to overcome these difficulties and obstacles. The development of skills of volitional actions is facilitated by the inclusion in the process of classes of certain elements, obstacles that impede the implementation of the task. The experience of volitional activity, accumulated in the process of such training, will influence the development of the will, volitional qualities of the individual.

Preparation for mental overload at work is also necessary and expedient, since the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies are characterized by the fact that various factors affecting them are often stressful, leading to excessive loads and overloads of the nervous system.

This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of their activities. Therefore, employees should be familiar with the basic patterns of these processes and techniques (in particular, for example, methods of psycho-regulatory training), which allow a short time restore efficiency and relieve excessive mental stress.

Conclusion

The professional activity of an internal affairs officer belongs to the category of “difficult” professions that place very high psychological and psycho-physiological requirements on employees.

The personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is complex and multifaceted. It is formed and formed mainly as a result of the interaction of many factors, but the main and determining factor is the personality of a person who has chosen the profession of an employee of the internal affairs bodies as one of his main life goals.

The formation of the personality of an internal affairs officer is a complex process of transforming the requirements of modern legislation, relevant departmental regulations into beliefs, habits, personal qualities, skills and abilities of a person who has chosen to work in the internal affairs bodies. Great value in shaping the personality of an internal affairs officer has training and professional activity, which imposes a complex set of requirements on his personal qualities and professional skills, developing and consolidating them in the personality structure.

Knowledge of mental patterns, application in the process of legal activity of certain psychological methods facilitates a person’s work, helps him regulate and build relationships with other people, better understand the motives of people’s actions, learn objective reality, correctly evaluate it and use the results of knowledge in practice.

All this is necessary for a police officer in order to carry out the functions assigned to him as efficiently as possible and with the least loss of his own emotional balance.

Irina Semchuk,
Lecturer, Department of Legal Psychology
Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

16.08.2013

1. Emotional sphere of personality. The influence of the emotional states of police officers on their performance of official tasks.

2. Psychological conditions effectiveness of site inspection.

3. Task.

Bibliography

1. Emotional sphere of personality. The influence of the emotional states of police officers on their performance of official tasks.

Emotions are a mental process of impulsive regulation of behavior based on a sensory reflection of the significance of external influences.

Emotion is a general, generalized reaction of the body to vital influences.

Emotions regulate mental activity not specifically, but through the corresponding general mental states, influencing the course of all mental processes.

A feature of emotions is their integration - arising under appropriate emotional influences, emotions capture the entire body, combine all its functions into an appropriate generalized stereotypical behavioral act.

Emotions dominate where the conscious regulation of behavior is insufficient: with a lack of information for the conscious construction of actions, with an insufficient fund of conscious ways of behavior. But this does not mean that the more conscious the action, the less important are emotions. Even mental actions are organized on an emotional basis.

The information theory of emotions (P.V. Simonov) states: “Emotion is a reflection by the brain of the strength of the need and the probability of its satisfaction at the moment.”

Emotions, according to P.V. Simonov, are a mechanism for isolating those needs that, under given conditions, have a predominant probability of being satisfied. Depending on the real opportunities satisfaction, the same need can cause either a positive or a negative emotion. Negative emotions suppress needs with a very low probability of meeting them.

So, emotions are a mechanism of direct, impulsive regulation of behavior, based on a sensory assessment of life phenomena and situations.

The following relatively independent types of emotional states can be distinguished:

1) interest - excitement;

2) pleasure - joy;

3) surprise - amazement;

4) grief - suffering;

5) anger - rage;

6) disgust - disgust;

7) contempt - neglect;

8) fear - horror;

9) shame - shyness;

10) guilt - repentance.

Emotions and feelings are associated with a different functional state of the brain, with the excitation of certain subcortical areas of the brain, and with changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system.

Emotions and feelings differ depending on their quality (positive or negative), depth, intensity and duration, impact on activity.

The qualitative originality of emotions and feelings expresses how a person relates to the corresponding phenomenon.

Depending on how significant the sides of reality reflected in the feelings are, deep and shallow feelings differ.

Depending on the influence of emotions and feelings on the activity of activity, they are divided into sthenic and asthenic. Sthenic emotions mobilize human strength. Asthenic emotions and feelings relax a person, paralyze his strength (a feeling of panic or fear).

Emotions and feelings also differ in intensity (strong and weak) and duration (short-term and persistent).

Higher feelings are also subdivided according to their content. In this regard, the following types of higher feelings are distinguished: praxical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic.

Emotions, being a mental process, have their own patterns and dynamics of flow (appearance, higher voltage and discharge). Emotions affect all other mental processes. They can be both organizing and disorganizing factors of consciousness and activity.

According to the regulatory function, emotions are divided into the following types:

1) emotional tone of sensation;

2) emotional response;

3) mood;

4) conflict emotional states: stress, affect, frustration.

1. Emotional tone of sensations. Various sensations (smells, colors, sounds, etc.) are pleasant, neutral or unpleasant for us. The emotional tone of sensation is our attitude to the quality of sensation.

2. Emotional response - prompt emotional response to current changes in environment. You saw a beautiful landscape - an emotional response will arise.

3. Mood. Everyone knows from experience how important a good mood is in our daily activities. Cheerful and serious, sad and cheerful - the most diverse moods constantly alternate in our lives.

The emotional stability of a person under various emotional influences is manifested in the stability or instability of his mood and in his ability to work under different moods. One person at bad mood loses efficiency, the other is able to pull himself together and continue the necessary work.

Depending on the prevailing experience this person emotions and feelings, the corresponding mood becomes stable and characteristic of a given person. It is very important to appreciate good mood, cultivate it. It stimulates us to active fruitful activity, improves relations between people. A person can regulate his mood to a certain extent by focusing his consciousness on the positive aspects of life.

Stress is a neuro-psychic overstrain caused by a super-strong impact, an adequate response to which has not been previously formed, but must be found in the current situation.

stress is emotional condition associated with the total mobilization of forces to find a way out of the current situation, to achieve the necessary adaptive effect. A sharp signal of an accident sounds on the ship, which is already beginning to roll. Passengers rush about in panic on the deck of the ship, some of them jumping into the abyss of the ocean, others in a state of stupor - this is a typical picture of a stressful situation.

Stress occurs as a result of super-strong traumatic effects. Unlike all other types of emotions, stress does not have paired manifestations and in all cases is a negative emotional state. This state encourages the search for a way out of an extreme situation.

The state of stress is characterized by a general mobilization of all the body's resources to adapt to extremely difficult conditions.

Superstrong stimuli - stressors (for example, an unexpected attack by an armed criminal) first cause vegetative changes (increased heart rate, increased blood sugar, etc.) and a sharp decrease in the ability to make decisions about correct behavior in this situation, disorganization, lowering all mental functions. In response to a very difficult situation, the body often reacts with a passive defensive reflex. Seeing no way out of a stressful situation, a person often slows down his activities. So, a sudden industrial accident causes inhibition of reactions in many people.

In this case, errors occur in the reflection of reality: the quantity and quality of objects, their spatial and temporal characteristics are incorrectly assessed, the amount of attention is narrowed, and its switching is difficult. Then, gradually, the ability to act correctly returns to the person.

Physiological stressors are extremely unfavorable physical conditions that cause a violation of the integrity of the organism and its functions (very high and low temperatures, acute mechanical and chemical effects).

Mental stressors are those influences that people themselves assess as very harmful to their well-being. It depends on the experience of people, their position in life, moral assessments, ability to adequately assess situations, and so on. So, a malicious hooligan act of a passerby seems to be a very dangerous situation for some people, and not a very dangerous situation for others. Message about a serious illness, near-death state loved one on some people it has a super strong effect, on others - a moderate effect.

With mental stress, complex mental processes of assessing the danger and finding appropriate means of preventing it occur. Mental stress is accompanied by excessively increased emotional stress. The nature of the stress reaction depends not only on the assessment of the degree of harmfulness of the stressor by a given person, but also on the ability to respond to it in a certain way. A person is able to learn adequate behavior in various stressful situations (in emergency situations, in case of a sudden attack, etc.).

An affect is an excessive neuropsychic overexcitation that suddenly arises in an acute conflict situation, manifesting itself in a temporary disorganization of consciousness and in an extreme activation of impulsive actions. Affect is caused by very strong and unexpected stimuli, when a person is not prepared for a deliberate reaction to them.

Affect is an emotional explosion in conditions of lack of information necessary for adequate behavior. Deep resentment from an insult that is serious for a given person, the sudden appearance of a very great danger, rude physical violence- all these circumstances, depending on the individual properties of the person, can cause an affect.

The state of affect is characterized by a significant violation of the volitional regulation of human actions. A person's behavior during affect is regulated not by a premeditated goal, but by that feeling that completely captures the personality and causes impulsive actions.

In a state of passion, the most important mechanism of activity is violated - selectivity in the choice of a behavioral act, the habitual behavior of a person changes dramatically, his attitudes, life positions are deformed, the ability to establish relationships between phenomena is disturbed, one, often distorted, representation begins to dominate in consciousness. From a neurophysiological point of view, this “narrowing of consciousness” during affect is associated with a violation of the normal interaction of excitation and inhibition. In a state of passion, first of all, the inhibitory process suffers, excitation begins to randomly spread to the subcortical zones of the brain, emotions lose control on the part of consciousness. Subcortical formations during affects acquire a certain independence, which is expressed in the violent manifestation of primitive reactions, "a person is revealed by his instincts as he is, without ... a social cover with the help of the cerebral hemispheres."

The neurophysiological mechanism of affect is a sharp change in the balance of nervous processes, a "collision" of nervous processes, accompanied by a violation of the system of strengthened connections. Affect is accompanied by significant changes in activity internal organs(respiration, cardiac activity, blood chemistry, etc.), sharp external movements(gestures, specific facial expressions, a sharp cry, crying, etc.).

The state of affect is associated with a violation of the clarity of consciousness and is accompanied by partial amnesia, memory impairment.

In all the diverse affects (fear, anger, despair, an outbreak of jealousy, an outburst of passion, etc.), the following stages can be distinguished. At the first stage, all mental activity is sharply disorganized, orientation in reality is disturbed. At the second stage, overexcitation is accompanied by sharp, poorly controlled actions. On the final stage there is a decline in nervous tension, a state of depression, weakness occurs.

Subjectively, an affect is experienced as a state that occurs against the will of a person, as if imposed from outside. However, the state of affect is not a pathological condition. Enhanced volitional control initial stage the development of the affect of this state can be prevented. It is especially important to focus the mind on the extremely negative consequences affective behaviour. One of the methods of overcoming affect is an arbitrary delay in motor reactions, a change in the situation, a switch in activity.

However, the most important condition for overcoming affects is moral quality personality, life experience of a person and his upbringing. People with unbalanced processes of excitation and inhibition are more prone to affects, but this tendency can be successfully overcome as a result of self-education.

Let us consider one kind of affect, which is most often found in the investigative and judicial practice- fear.

Fear is an unconditioned reflex emotional reaction to danger, which manifests itself in a sharp change in the vital activity of the organism.

Fear arises by association with pain as a result of the life experience of a person and those around him. The child is not afraid of those situations from which the mother is horrified. But the repeated fear of the mother in certain situations begins to form a sense of fear in the child. Some people often have an exaggeration of dangers, an exorbitant growth of fear that takes possession of their entire psyche.

Socially determined causes of fear - the threat of public censure, loss of the results of long work, humiliation, etc. cause the same physiological symptoms as the biological sources of fear.

Fear can be reduced by vigorous activity, by taking reasonable measures to ensure safety. In these cases, fear turns into caution, into a state of fear.

Fear is overcome by volitional effort, mental activity. Various forms overcoming fear in dangerous situations acquire the traits of courage (reasonable action in a dangerous situation), prowess (actions with insufficient critical thinking), courage (bold actions caused by a sense of duty).

Fear is a passive-defensive reaction to danger posed by a stronger person. If any threat of danger comes from a weaker person, then the reaction to this danger can acquire an active defensive, offensive character - anger.

Frustration is a persistent and deep negative emotional state caused by the collapse of a close-to-achievable and significant goal, the disruption of the strategic plans of the individual, usually accompanied by aggressive manifestations towards the frustrator.

The state of frustration is associated with a significant and prolonged disorganization of mental processes (weakening of memory, the ability to think logically, etc.).

Feelings are a mental mechanism for directly emotional evaluation of socially significant phenomena.

Feelings are the emotional regulator social functions personality.

Feelings are a mental form of reflection of social needs. Negative feelings are caused by the deviation of circumstances from the parameters of the life of a given person as a person. Positive - bringing the circumstances to the norms corresponding to the worldview of this person.

Feelings provide integration of consciousness, subconsciousness and human behavior, they are an adaptive mechanism of interpersonal interaction.

Deviant and especially criminal behavior in many cases is associated with the underdevelopment of feelings, with an inability to empathize, with emotional dullness. Every third serious crime against a person is committed because of hostility, jealousy or revenge.

Conscience is a feeling that causes a person to react to the demands of society. This reaction depends on the person's understanding of the moral responsibility for his behavior. A sense of conscience is the most important stimulus for the moral improvement of the individual.

A sense of honor is an increased emotional impressionability in relation to those aspects of one's activity that are most significant for a given society as a whole or for a particular social group.

Guilt is a person's self-reproach for violating their own positions, norms, and beliefs. The feeling of guilt is connected with the violation of the norms that are accepted by the person, internalized by him.

2. Psychological conditions for the effectiveness of the inspection of the scene.

Inspection of the scene of an incident - the discovery and direct study of material objects, their signs and relationships that are essential for the investigation of an incident and located in the space in which it occurred or its traces were found.

Inspection of the scene of the incident is an investigative action based on the sensory sphere of knowledge and aimed at reflecting the spatial and objective unity of the perceived situation, the temporal sequence of events and identifying their cause-and-effect relationships.

The scene of the incident acts for the investigator as an information-content complex (a material source of information about the mechanism of the crime event, the identity of the offender and the victim, the dynamics of their interaction and the motives of their behavior).

In psychological terms, the inspection of the scene is a special empirical method of research - participant observation. The peculiarities of this method are that the researcher deliberately actively interacts with the objects under study on the basis of initial knowledge, specific proposals. The study is conducted purposefully and systematically on the basis of certain methodological techniques. The leading mental operation here is comparison. At the same time, specific changes in objects are established and the meaning of these changes is revealed on the basis of theoretical thinking. The results of the study are strictly controlled and recorded.

The effectiveness of the included observation is determined by a clear statement of the research problem, the validity of the proposed presets. In this case, distortions of the results of the included observation are possible; they are largely associated with habitual, stereotyped judgments, with the tendentious orientation of the researcher. Initially, the attitudes that have arisen can give rise to bias in the interpretation of perceived phenomena.

The objectivity of the included observation is ensured by: 1) the variability of assumptions; 2) rejection of premature generalizations and conclusions; 3) repeated observation from changed positions; 4) control using other research methods (for example, experiment).

The activity of the included observation is manifested both in the general search and research orientation, and in the implementation of various verification actions.

The inspection is carried out systematically - individual objects are combined into systems, complexes, due to the essence of the phenomena being studied, in compliance with such an order of observation that not a single object essential for the study is left out of the field of attention.

In this case, the value of one fact in the system of other facts is estimated, the new is compared with the known. So, analyzing the method of hacking, the possibility of using a certain tool, the investigator compares these facts with persons known to him who commit crimes in similar ways.

The inspection of the scene of the incident must be accurate, complete, objective and strictly focused. The accuracy of observation does not allow a shift in the order of the sequence of individual elements of the observed integral phenomenon and implies a clear identification of the characteristics under study.

The use of forensic technology significantly expands the boundaries of the observed and increases the accuracy of observation.

Based on the observations, the investigator makes preliminary probabilistic conclusions.

When examining the scene of an incident, the investigator shows the most important professional quality - forensic observation, the ability to detect and legally evaluate subtle circumstances and signs of objects as material evidence. For solving a crime, seemingly insignificant objects may turn out to be significant at first glance: city and railway tickets, cigarette butts, traces of teeth, hands and feet, food residues, traces of lipstick, fabric fibers, soil residues, dust, scraps of paper, broken parts of objects , the location of objects, the disappearance of things of a certain kind and other signs.

The investigator critically examines objects and their features from different points of view, constantly solving the questions: “What does this mean?”, “Why and in connection with what did this happen?”. In many cases, the investigator answers the question: “Could this have happened?”

The nature of the crime committed, the stolen things testify to the age characteristics, the orientation of the interests of the offender. Adult thieves steal the most valuable things, teenagers - things that are most attractive to them. The actions of adolescents are often accompanied by a manifestation of mischief, lack of purposefulness, intransitivity.

So, as an urgent and initial investigative action, the inspection of the scene of the incident is an active cognitive-search process, during which information base investigation. At the same time, individual states, properties and signs of material objects and their interconnections are discovered and investigated in order to establish the mechanism of the event, obtain information about the identity of the offender, the motives for the committed act and all other circumstances to be established during the investigation of crimes.

The result of the inspection of the scene is the establishment of the relationship of individual evidence, reflecting the criminal nature of the incident under investigation.

An essential psychological aspect of the inspection of the scene is the distribution, concentration and switchability of the attention of the investigator. The distribution of attention is especially significant at the review stage of the examination. The investigator must perceive the integrity of the situation at the scene. At the same time, it is necessary to single out the most significant groups of objects, to determine the objects that require maximum concentration of attention.

Inspection of the scene of the incident is associated with a high distribution of attention, with an overload random access memory and ultimately - with psychological tension, which may adversely affect the effectiveness of the investigative search. Therefore, the definition of starting positions, the nomination of clear probabilistic assumptions, the limitation of the field of activity, a strict sequence of actions is the most important condition for organizing the activities of the investigator when examining the scene.

So, the psychology of examining the scene is, first of all, psychology mental activity investigator, consisting in the conceptual coverage of empirical data found at the scene, in their isolation, analysis as legally significant facts and association, synthesis into interconnected systems and, ultimately, in the reconstruction of the event under investigation according to its individual manifestations. At the same time, the course of thinking of the investigator develops in the direction from fixing individual facts to their group associations. On this basis, a probabilistic-information model of the incident is formed. It is the basis for the search for new facts, as a result of which the probabilistic model of an event turns into its reliable information-logical model. The investigator overcomes gnostic barriers - the “silence” of a single fact, makes the facts “speak”, uniting them into objectively interdependent ensembles. In a number of cases, he also overcomes the "logical" barriers deliberately created by criminals - the disguise of crimes and the falsification of evidence.

3. Task.

To conduct an investigative experiment, several people are needed: including shepherds (who heard sounds) and people unfamiliar with the case. Modeling, reproducing the sounds of a shot, the investigator establishes:

Is it possible to carry out certain actions under given conditions;

Is it possible to perform this action in a certain time;

Was it possible to hear and distinguish certain words, sounds.

The main requirements for such an experiment are:

Carrying out experimental actions in conditions as close as possible to the conditions in which the tested action or event was carried out. These conditions include:

Conducting an investigative experiment in the same place where the event occurred; carrying out the experiment at the same time of day and year;

Conducting an experiment under homogeneous physical conditions;

Under the same weather and climatic conditions(sun, heat, frost, rain, snow, mud, ice, etc.);

Conducting an experiment using all initial funds actions (weapon);

With the same amount of charge and the direction of the shots.

This operation has a trial and verification, search character.

The results of an investigative experiment are interpreted as the presence of objective possibilities for performing a certain action or event and as a subjective possibility for a given person to perform a certain action. The conclusions drawn will be reliable.

Bibliography

1. Averyanova T.E., Belkin R.S., Korukhov Yu.G., Rossiyskaya E.R. Criminalistics. Textbook. - M.: INFRA-M, NORMA, 2001.

2. Andreev I.S., Gramovich G.I., Porkbov N.I. Criminalistics. - Mn.: graduate School, 1997.

3. Baev O. Ya. Fundamentals of criminalistics: a course of lectures. - M.: Exam, 2001.

4. Belkin R.S. Forensic Encyclopedia. - M.: BEK, 1997.

5. Belkin R.S. Forensic course: In 3 volumes - M .: Lawyer, 1997.

6. Vasiliev V.P. Legal psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997.

7. Enikeev M.I. Fundamentals of general and legal psychology. – M.: Lawyer, 1997.

8. Criminalistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. V.A. Obraztsova. - M.: Lawyer, 2001.

9. Criminalistics: Textbook for universities / Ed. ed. N.L. Yablokov. - M.: Lawyer, 2002.

10. Criminalistics / Ed. I.F. Panteleeva, N.A. Selivanova. - M.: Legal literature, 1993.

Control work on legal psychology

Psychological characteristics of a police officer. Psychological requirements for the personality of an internal affairs officer

Introduction

1 Professional orientation of the personality of the police officer

2 Ability of an internal affairs officer

3 Professional skills of an internal affairs officer and its psychological components

4 Professional and psychological readiness of an internal affairs officer

findings

List of used literature

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Doing

The effectiveness of the performance of job duties by an employee, largely determined by the quality of his professional training, also depends on psychological characteristics relationship of a person to his profession.

Target control work consists in studying the psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD).

Tasks of control work:

1. Psychological features of actions and activities

Signs of activity:

2. Psychological structure of law enforcement

Goals are the most significant objects, phenomena, tasks and objects for a person, the achievement and possession of which constitute the essence of his activity. The goal appears in the image of the result of activity.

The result is the result of the activity, what the individual achieves.

3. Professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies

The activity of an internal affairs officer belongs to the socionomic type of professions such as "man - man" ("man - group" and "man - society"), since it is associated with constant interaction with people, evaluating their actions from the standpoint of the law.

The main psychological features of the professional activity of an internal affairs officer are:

1) legal regulation (normativity) of professional behavior, decisions made by police officers and other lawyers professionally involved in law enforcement activities.

All law enforcement activities of employees of state-legal structures are clearly regulated by law. Breaking the law, neglecting one's own official duties and principles for are unacceptable and testify, first of all, to the low level of his professional qualifications;

2) the imperious, mandatory nature of the professional powers of officials of law enforcement agencies.

3) the extreme nature of law enforcement.

4) non-standard, creative nature of legal work.

5) procedural independence, personal (for many - increased) responsibility of police officers. The Federal Law "On Police" dated February 07, 2011 N 3-FZ states that:

4. Professiogram of a police officer

The professional profile of a police officer is a scientifically based list of interrelated types (parts) of activity, as well as professionally important personality traits that affect the success of professional activity.

The main substructures of the professional activity of a police officer:

1) cognitive-prognostic (cognitive);

2) communicative (communication);

3) organizational and managerial;

4) educational (preventive).

1. Cognitive and prognostic activity underlies the professional profile of a police officer and consists in collecting initial information about the situation, the person suspected of committing a crime, etc.

In solving these problems, the role of professional and life experience of a police officer, as well as professional and psychological qualities, is great:

Question: what changes have occurred in your professional activity in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

The following changes can be distinguished:

Conclusion

The result of the consideration of the psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies are the following key concepts:

Activity is a human specific form of active attitude to the surrounding world, the content of which is its expedient change and transformation. The basic thesis of the theory of activity is "It is not consciousness that determines activity, but activity determines consciousness."

Actions are movements of a social nature, aimed at an object and pursuing a specific goal.

Any activity, including law enforcement, includes: 1) motives; 2) ways; 3) purpose; 4) means; 5) result; 4) the process of activity itself. An integral feature of activity is its awareness.

The dominant types of law enforcement activities are: investigation of crimes; conducting interrogations of suspects, witnesses, victims of a crime; inspections of crime scenes; conducting searches, analyzing the collected data on the crime, etc.

Bibliography

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