Unified State Examination in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher. Chronology, different centuries

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Topic: USSR IN THE FIRST POST-WAR DECADE.

Part A.

1. Post-war economic recovery called for recovery financial system. For this, the Soviet government carried out a monetary reform in December 1947? What savings were subject to preferential exchange (i.e. 1:1)?

1) Savings of workers, not exceeding three thousand rubles

2) Savings of participants in the Great Patriotic War not exceeding three thousand rubles

3) Deposits in savings banks up to three thousand rubles

2. According to the Office of the Authorized Council of People's Commissars of the USSR for repatriation, as of February 1, 1946, only 5.2 million people were repatriated to the Soviet Union from the territory of Germany and other states. Where was their fate decided?

1) In the USSR State Defense Committee

2) In the Central Committee of the CPSU (b)

3) In the screening and filtration camps

4) On the ground

5) In the Supreme Court of the USSR

3. Essential role in the structure external sources post-war reconstruction was played by reparations received by the USSR from Germany, Romania, Hungary, and Manchuria. Name another country from which the Soviet Union received reparations?

1) Finland

2) Japan

3) Italy

4) Austria

5) Spain

4. What court case was the peak of the fight against "rootless cosmopolitanism"?

1) "Leningrad case"

2) "The case of doctors"

3) "The Case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee"

4) "Shakhty case"

5) The Case of the "Anti-Soviet Centre-Right Bloc"

5. Often, especially in journalism, front-line soldiers are called "neo-Decembrists." Why?

1) Because, just like the Decembrists, they were preparing a conspiracy against the authorities;

2) Because they carried the "potential" of freedom received from the victorious war and foreign campaigns

3) Since in December 1945 they put forward their demands to the government to reform the regime;

6. What was the speech in Fulton of the former Prime Minister of Great Britain, W. Churchill, delivered in March 1946?

1) The problem of the implementation of the "Marshall Plan" and its extension to the USSR

2) Issues of destruction and the future structure of the world

3) Warning of danger nuclear weapons

4) Warning of the danger of the spread of communism

5) Estimates of the results of the Second World War

7. Names of scientists I.V. Kurchaty, A.D. Sakharova, Yu.B. Khariton are associated with research in the field of:

organic chemistry
nuclear physics
space flight theory
biological sciences.

8. In what year did important events for the USSR take place - the test of the first nuclear bomb in the USSR, the creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the signing of the North Atlantic Pact (NATO):

1) in 1945

2) in 1949

3) in 1955

4) in 1964

9. The reasons for the predominant development in the USSR after the Great Patriotic War of heavy industry did not include the need to:

1) technical equipment other industries

2) strengthening the defense capability and military power states in a bipolar world

3) changes in the economic course of the pre-war period

4) strengthening the influence of the USSR in the world.

10. Which of the named figures of science and culture was persecuted by the Stalinist regime in the post-war period:

M. Sholokhov
K. Simonov
D. Likhachev
T. Lysenko

11. The concept of " cold war" means

active ideological and military-technical preparation for armed confrontation
economic cooperation while maintaining ideological contradictions
military action with limited use of nuclear weapons
negotiations on the limitation of funds mass destruction
refusal to participate in local conflicts.

Part B.

12. Match social groups population of the USSR and the reasons for repressions against them in the years after the Great Patriotic War:

1) national minorities

2) former prisoners of war

3) creative intelligentsia

4) major party workers

5) the struggle for power in the leadership of the USSR

6) tightening ideological pressure

7) accusations of cooperation with the occupiers

8) suspicions of betrayal.

Answer:

13. The Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, adopted in August 1946, can be considered the theoretical basis for a "hard" course in the field of ideology. The Decree was called:

1) "On courts of honor in ministries of the USSR and central departments"

2) "On the repertoire of drama theaters and measures to improve it"

3) "About the movie" Big Life "

4) "About the magazines" Zvezda "and" Leningrad "

5) About G.F. Alexandrova "History of Western European Philosophy"

14. Since 1947, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks has been taking a number of measures to strengthen party schools and courses. What prompted these measures?

1) The low cultural level of party workers and agitators

2) A large number of people who wanted to study

3) Lack of cadres of party agitators

15. Which of the following events is not connected with the confrontation between the USSR and Western countries in 1945-1953:

nuclear bomb test in the USSR
ideological campaign against cosmopolitanism
Korean War
"Leningrad case".

16. Read excerpts from letters from residents of the Voronezh and Stalingrad regions (1946) and answer the question:

11/15/1946 “... The impending famine is frightening, moral condition depressed. Our children live a brutal life - always angry and hungry. Zhenya began to swell from poor nutrition, his face swells most of all, he is very weak. The guys endure hunger patiently, if there is nothing to eat, which happens very often, they are silent, they do not torment my soul with vain requests ”(M.S. Efremova. Voronezh region, Art. Buturlinovka).

11/24/1946 "... At home things are very bad, everyone starts to swell from hunger: there is no bread at all, we eat only acorns" (V. V. Ershov, Voronezh region, Borisoglebsk).

Which of the following was not a reason plight people in the first post-war years:

drought and crop failure in 1946
destruction of the country's agriculture
inefficiency of the kolkhoz-sovkhoz system
forced campaign to grow corn

17. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of the writer K.M. Simonov about the meeting of the leadership of the CPSU held in 1948, at which the issue of awarding the Stalin Prizes was decided, and answer the question.

“Stalin, addressing ... to the members of the Politburo sitting at the table, said:“ I think we should still explain to the comrades why we removed the question of the book of Comrade Tikhonov “The Yugoslav Notebook ... Comrade Tikhonov has nothing to do with it, we have no complaints to him for his poems, but we cannot give him a prize for them, because lately Tito has been behaving badly.”

What event caused such a reaction from Stalin:

signing of a political agreement by Yugoslavia with the United States
conflict between the party and state leadership of Yugoslavia and the USSR
Yugoslavia's accession to NATO
Yugoslavia's withdrawal from the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.

18. Read an excerpt from the work of the historian N.T. Pavlenko “Reflections on the fate of the commander and answer the question.

“In the late 50s and early 60s, work was intensified on research into the history of the Great Patriotic War. The appearance of memoirs made it possible to eliminate many gaps in the military-historical literature ... At the same time, there were still many "blank spots" in those scientific papers, which dealt with the highest levels of strategic leadership. a huge role G.K. Zhukov, but historians were afraid to approach him as a “disgraced” for almost two decades. Historical science has suffered from such flagrant absurdity.”

What was the reason for the disgrace of G.K. Zhukov, which began after the Great Patriotic War:

1) G.K. Zhukov was blamed too big losses during the storming of Berlin

2) G.K. Zhukov was accused of working closely with American military leaders

3) I.V. Stalin accused G.K. Zhukov in attributing to himself all the victories in the war, in "conspiratorial activity"

4) G.K. Zhukov sought to take the post of supreme leader of the country.

19. Which of the named top leaders of the USSR was a supporter of recreating the pre-war model of accelerated restoration and development of heavy industry as a means of military opposition to capitalism:

I.V. Stalin
A. Zhdanov
G. Malenkov
L. Beria
N. Voznesensky
N. Rodionov

Answer: 1) 1, 2, 3 2) 4, 5, 6 3) 2, 3, 4 4) 1, 3, 4

20. In the second half of the 1940s. heavily criticized so-called "misanthropic fly-lovers" represented science

neurophysiology
cybernetics
genetics
ecology
zoology

Topic: USSR IN THE MIDDLE 50-MIDDLE 60-X.

Part A.

1. After the death of I.V. Stalin, in reality, power was concentrated in the hands of the "troika" - L.P. Beria, G.M. Malenkov and N.S. Khrushchev, who occupied three key posts. What post did N.S. Khrushchev?

1) Post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

2) Post of Minister of the Interior

3 ) Headed the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU

2. Who owns the characteristic of the era of N.S. Khrushchev as a "thaw"?

1) N.S. himself Khrushchev

2 ) Writer I. Ehrenburg

3) L.I. Brezhnev

3. Name case that served as a kind of lightning rod public opinion and strengthened the position of N.S. Khrushchev.

1) The Case of Pest Doctors

2) Leningrad case

3) Case of Beria

4. What decision was made regarding the activities of the anti-party grouping of Molotov, Kaganovich, Malenkov?

1) Remove from leading positions in the Soviet and party leadership and transfer them to less significant positions

2) They were expelled from the party, arrested and put on trial

3) They were expelled from the USSR with the loss of Soviet citizenship

5. Report by N.S. Khrushchev at the XX Congress outlined the official concept explaining the cult of personality. What was its essence?

1) The cult of personality was a product of the socialist system

2) The cult of personality was interpreted as a product of personality Stalin

3) The cult of personality is a legacy of the revolutionary past of the country

6. What document of the Khrushchev era contained the statement that during 1971-1980 the material and technical base of communism would be created in the USSR?

1) In the Party Program of 1961

2) In the report of N.S. Khrushchev at the XX Congress of the CPSU

3) In the documents of the September Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU

7. On October 14, 1964, an Extraordinary Plenum of the Central Committee was held in Moscow. Its main theme was:

1) Planning the eighth five-year plan;

2) "Wrong actions" N.S. Khrushchev

3) Launch of a new economic management reform

8. What event international politics finalized two blocs hostile to each other?

2) Formation in 1949 of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

3) The Berlin Crisis of 1948

4) Korean War 1950-52

5) The entry of Germany into NATO and the formation of the Warsaw Pact in 1955

9. In the mid-50s - early 60s, against the backdrop of improved relations with a number of Western states, the USSR had "enemy No. 2". Name this country:

1) China

2) USA

3) Yugoslavia

4) Japan

5) Germany

10. What events in the second half of the 1950s led the USSR to toughen its policy, to use forceful pressure, which gave rise to a number of acute international crises?

1) The entry of Germany into NATO

2) Aggravation of relations with China after the 20th Congress of the CPSU

3) Anti-Stalinist revolution in Hungary in 1956

11. When was the first agreement on the limitation of strategic weapons concluded??

1) In August 1963 - "Treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in three environments"

2) In 1957, when the UN proposed to suspend nuclear testing, mutual obligations on the renunciation of the use of atomic weapons

12. Which of the following events happened in 1957

first manned flight into space
XX Congress of the CPSU
Launch of the first artificial Earth satellite
Caribbean crisis.

13. With which of the following statesmen link the beginning of the Cold War:

1) F. Roosevelt, A. Gromyko

2) D. Eisenhower, N. Bulganin

3) J. Kennedy, N. Khrushchev

4) W. Churchill, I. Stalin.

14. Which of the indicated groups of events are associated with all three dates: 1953, 1956., 1968

1) carrying out launches of spacecraft

2) the conclusion of agreements between the USSR and the countries of the West

3) creation international organizations with the participation of the USSR

4 ) participation Soviet troops in the suppression of popular uprisings in other countries.

15. What sphere of the national economy developed in the USSR in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War at the fastest pace:

Agriculture
heavy industry
social sphere
light industry.

16. To the reasons for the displacement of N.S. Khrushchev from all posts in 1964 does not apply:

1) the desire of a group of party leaders in power

2) the dissatisfaction of many groups of the population with the inconsistency and inconsistency of the policy

17. In what year did both events take place - the 20th Congress of the CPSU and the suppression of popular uprisings in Hungary:

1) 1946

2) 1956

3) 1968

4) 1985

18. The period in the history of the USSR from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, characterized by the beginning of the renewal of the spiritual life of society, the exposure of the personality cult, was called the period:

de-ideologization
publicity
"thaw"
new political thinking.

19. The start date of the "thaw" in the USSR is:

1945
1953
1985
1991

20. At the XX Congress of the CPSU was (a)

Stalin's personality cult exposed
adopted a new party program
restructuring approved
dismissed from the post of First Secretary of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev.

21. Which of the leaders of the USSR was the initiator of the development of virgin lands, the spread of corn crops throughout the country:

I.V. Stalin
N.S. Khrushchev
L.I. Brezhnev
Yu.V. Andropov

22. Which of the named figures did not participate in the struggle for supreme power in the party and the state after the death of I. Stalin:

G.M. Malenkov
V.M. Molotov
L.M. Kaganovich
L.I. Brezhnev

23. In the CPSU program adopted in 1961, it was stated: “The Party solemnly proclaims: the present generation Soviet people will live under communism. For how many years did the party expect to fulfill this program:

1) 5

2) 20

3) 40

4) 50.

24. The Caribbean crisis of 1962 is:

Cuban conflict with neighboring states
clash between NATO and ATS forces in the Caribbean
conflict between the US and the USSR over the deployment of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
performance of the Cubans against the regime of F. Castro.

25. Economic reforms under the leadership of N.S. Khrushchev were held in the USSR in:

1945-1953
1954-1964
1965-1970
1985-1990

26. The territorial bodies of economic management that replaced the ministries in 1957 were called

departments
syndicates
trusts
economic councils
colleges.

27. Since the early 1960s. the closest ally of the USSR in the Western hemisphere was the state

1) Nicaragua

2) Brazil

3) Grenada

4) Peru

5) Cuba.

28. The reason for the removal of N.S. Khrushchev from power -

illegal actions against dissidents
dissatisfaction with the party-state apparatus
US foreign policy concessions
mass popular discontent
poor physical condition.

29. The main idea of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1956 "On overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences" -

The "cult of personality" did not change the nature of socialism and did not lead society astray
"The cult of personality" is an inevitable phenomenon inherent in socialism
In the USSR, it is necessary to recreate a market economy
There is a need for a policy of publicity
The country needs deep democratization

30. Rehabilitation carried out in the USSR in the 1950s-1980s. - this

release of prisoners who have served their sentences for criminal offenses
reinstatement in the party of previously expelled members
restoration of good name and civil rights unjustly convicted people
acquittal of the accused in court.

Part B.

31. From the list of statesmen of the USSR, select the names of those who were the head of the government in 1953-1985.

ON THE. Bulganin
A.A. Gromyko
A.N. Kosygin
D.F. Ustinov
G.M. Malenkov
G.K. Zhukov

Choose the correct answer: 1) 1, 3, 5 2) 1, 2, 3 3) 4, 5, 6 4) 3, 4, 5.

32. Which of the documents signed by the USSR in the second half of the 50s was not implemented?

1) Treaty with Austria 1955 on independence and neutrality

2) Declaration with Japan in 1956, which provided for the cessation of the state of war and the restoration of diplomatic relations in exchange for the transfer of two South Kuril Islands to Japan

3) Agreement of 1958 with the USA on cooperation in the field of culture, economy, exchange of various delegations

33. In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, the USSR stepped up its policy in the "third world". What contributed to this?

1) the idea of exporting socialism and world revolution;

2) requests from third world countries;

3) the collapse of the colonial system.

34. In the West, the diplomatic activity of N.S. Khrushchev was called "shoe diplomacy". Why?

1) Since the assistant N.S. Khrushchev on foreign affairs was Bashmachnikov

2) N.S. Khrushchev, being on foreign trips, met too often and a lot with the working class

3) Speaking at the session of the UN General Assembly, N.S. Khrushchev tapped his shoe on the podium

35. In new system management of the country's economy, created in 1957, was put new principle. Define it:

1) management on a territorial basis within large administrative regions;

2) the principle of rigid central planning;

3) the principle of party leadership national economy country.

36. Which of the following events relate to the period 1953-1955?

"Leningrad business"
election of N.S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
development of virgin lands
exposure of Stalin's personality cult
arrest of L. Beria
rupture of relations with Yugoslavia

Indicate the correct answer: 1) 1, 2, 6 2) 2, 3, 5 3) 2, 3, 6 4) 1, 4, 5

37. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of the writer I. Ehrenburg about the report made at the 20th Congress and dedicated to the exposure of the personality cult of I.V. Stalin. Enter the name of the speaker missing in the text.

« At a closed meeting on February 25 during the report _______ KHRUSHCHEV ___________

several delegates fainted ... I will not hide: reading the report, I was shocked, because it was not rehabilitated among friends who spoke, but the first secretary of the Central Committee at the party congress.

38. Which of the following provisions were contained in the report of N.S. Khrushchev "On the cult of personality and its consequences"

under I.V. Stalin carried out mass repressions
I.V. Stalin had no merit to the country
I.V. Stalin hid political testament V.I. Lenin
I.V. Stalin took credit for all the victories in the war
I.V. Stalin - the author of the idea of exacerbating the class struggle in the construction of socialism
The origins of the cult of personality I.V. Stalin - in public political system socialism.

Choose the correct answer: 1) 1, 2, 3 2) 4, 5, 6 3)1, 3, 5 4) 3, 4, 5

39. Which of the following events in the international policy of the USSR belong to the period 1953-1964:

normalization of relations with Yugoslavia
entry of troops into Czechoslovakia
establishment of diplomatic relations in Germany
entry of troops into Afghanistan
signing of the Final Act on Security and Cooperation in Europe
promotion of the concept of peaceful coexistence of the socialist and capitalist systems

Answer: 1) 1, 3, 6 2) 1, 2, 3 3) 4, 5, 6 4) 2, 3, 4.

40. Read the statement of the journalist A. Borovik. Write the missing name political regime personal power.

“I think that Khrushchev's democratization ... was to a certain extent caused by the unwillingness of the victorious country, which experienced the incredible tragedies of the war of 1941-1945. and continue to endure all the vile and inhuman that continued to carry in himself __________ STALINISM _________. By defeating Hitler, the country had to defeat Stalin.”

41. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of K.T. Mazurov, determine which Soviet leader it refers to. Enter the missing last name in the text.

“There are two _________ in my mind Khrushchev _______. One is a reformer in good sense words, which led to a new policy, new methods of work in party organizations. And then, after the 22nd Congress, someone replaced him. Whether he believed in our program, which said that in the 80s. we will already be in communism, or someone's influence ... "

42. Read an excerpt from the memorandum of the leader of the USSR to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU and indicate the name of the author.

“An important and absolutely real source of increasing grain production is the expansion in the coming years of grain crops from virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan, Western Siberia, and also partially in the regions of the Volga and North Caucasus and carrying out activities to increase productivity in all regions of the country.

... It is possible to increase the sowing of grain crops ... by 13 million hectares ... As part of this task, the plan provides for the expansion of grain crops in these areas already in 1954 by 2.3 million hectares.

Answer: ____________ KHRUSHCHEV _________

Read an excerpt from the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn and name Soviet leader in question.

“It will be impossible not to be amazed at how many opportunities there are on a short time converged in these hands, and how these opportunities were used as if in a game, as a joke, and then left carelessly ... It was given to him three times and five times more firmly to draw the liberated countries further, space, for culture, for Cuban rockets, Berlin ultimatums, for the persecution of the church, for the division of regional committees, for the fight against abstractionists.

Answer: ________ KHRUSHCHEV ___________

Topic: USSR IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 60'S - THE MIDDLE OF THE 80'S.

Part A.

1. What target figure was the main one in assessing the activities of enterprises during the period of "stagnation"?

1) Labor productivity growth rate

2) The indicator of "gross output"

3) The indicator of sales of manufactured products

2. Long years in the USSR there was a superstructure whose interests the entire Soviet economy was subordinated to. Define it.

1) Central Committee of the CPSU

2) Military-industrial complex

3) State Security Committee

3. In the 1960s and 1970s, the USSR was actively developing the eastern regions of the country and creating large national economic complexes. What was the main objective this process?

1) Expansion of the military-industrial complex of the country

2) Expansion of agricultural production

3) Creation of new jobs

4) Ensuring the export of natural resources

5) Solving the problem of overpopulation in the central regions of the country

4. In March 1965, at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the issue of starting economic reform was finally decided. Its main directions were fixed:

1) In the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On improving planning and strengthening economic incentives for industrial production"

2) In the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the state production enterprise"

3) In the Law on State Enterprise

5. After the displacement of N.S. Khrushchev, there was a struggle in the upper echelon of power over the choice of further ways for the country's development. Who led the group focused on the preservation of the established methods of leadership?

1) Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Yu.V. Andropov

2) K.U. Chernenko

3) L.I. Brezhnev

6. The economic reform of 1965 touched upon the restructuring of the organizational structure of the economy. During it:

1) economic councils were created;

2) all-union, union-republican and republican ministries were created;

3) the territorial principle of managing the national economy was introduced;

7. In October 1964, the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU was taken by L.I. Brezhnev. Under what slogan did he come to power?

1) "The economy must be economical"

2) Under the slogan "stability"

3) Under the slogan of "perestroika"

4) He put forward the slogan of "de-Stalinization"

5) As the main slogan, he put forward the thesis of the fight against crime.

8. What political body exercised control over the country during the period of "stagnation"?

1) Council of Ministers of the USSR

2) Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

3) Supreme Soviet of the USSR

4) Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU

5) Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

9. November 22, 1982 at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU Yu.V. Andropov formed the main direction of his activity. They became:

1) Fighting crime

2) Campaign "Strengthening discipline"

3) The rise of agriculture

4) The fight against nomenklatura privileges

5) Conversion of the military-industrial complex

10. Which of the top party leaders of the Brezhnev era was called the "grey eminence"?

1) Kosygina A.N.

2) Shelepina A.N.

3) Churbanova Yu.

4) Andropova Yu.V.

5) Suslova M.A.

11. On April 30, 1968, The Chronicle of Current Events was published. What was this press organ?

1) This is a self-published collection

2) This is a collection of documents about events in Czechoslovakia

3) This is an official report on the socio-economic development of the country

12. On August 25, 1968, a group of people went to Red Square to protest against the entry of Soviet troops into Czechoslovakia. Which of the following did not participate in this action?

1) P. Litvinov

2) T. Baeva

3) A. Sakharov

4) L. Bogoraz

5) K. Babitsky

13. From the mid-70s begins new stage dissident movement. What is the reason for the new quality of movement?

1) With the adoption of the Helsinki Accords on human rights

2) With the advent of samizdat

3) With the change in the Criminal Legislation of the USSR

14. 25 well-known representatives Soviet intelligentsia sent a letter to L.I. Brezhnev (among them P.L. Kapitsa, I.E. Tamm, G.A. Tovstonogov, M.M. Romm and others) What was its content?

1) They expressed concern about the partial or indirect rehabilitation of I.V. Stalin

2) They demanded radical political reforms

3) They asked to pay attention to the unequal position of the Soviet intelligentsia

4) The letter contained a demand to condemn the positions of the "renovation trend in culture, which originated during the" thaw "

5) Requirement to return Nobel Prize B. Pasternak

15. Enter the name of the politician. who took office Secretary General The Central Committee of the CPSU after the death of L.I. Brezhnev:

K.U. Chernenko
M.S. Gorbachev
Yu.V. Andropov
A.A. Gromyko.

16. The process in international relations that began in the first half of the 1970s. and characterized by a decrease in tension in relations between East and West, the United States, their allies and the USSR, countries of Eastern Europe, was called:

"thaw"
integration
discharge
perestroika.

17. Soviet troops participated in the 1980s. in combat in:

Hungary
Korea
Afghanistan
Vietnam

18. The dissident movement in the USSR was called:

political parliamentary opposition to the executive
citizens who had relatives abroad
all citizens of the USSR who went abroad
the activities of groups and individuals who did not share the dominant ideology.

19. The main reason for the failure of economic reform in the mid-1960s. was that the reform did not:

provided for a return to the sectoral system of industrial management
touched the foundations economic system the USSR
provided for the use of economic levers
subject to economic impact.

20. For ten years afghan war The USSR lost in killed and died from wounds and diseases about:

5 thousand people
15 thousand people
20 thousand people
25 thousand people.

21. Which of the following names was used in international relations to indicate the border between the "Western" and "Eastern" (capitalist and socialist) blocks:

"invisible front"
"iron curtain"
"clear border"
"nuclear shield"

22. Growing crisis phenomena in all spheres of the life of Soviet society in the period 1970-1985. called the process

stabilization
stagnation
inflation
inertia

23. For the economy of the USSR in the 1970s - the first half of the 1980s. characteristically

widespread introduction of the principle of self-financing
fall in the average annual growth rate of national income
development of individual labor activity
rapid development of family farms
production intensification.

24. For the period from 1933 to the end of the 70s between Soviet Union and the United States signed 100 treaties and agreements. Which of the periods of cooperation between these countries was the most fruitful?

1) The period of the 30s following the US diplomatic recognition of Soviet Russia

2) The period of the Khrushchev "thaw" - the middle of the 50s - the beginning of the 60s

3) Period from 1972 - 1975 years

25. The period of the 1970s was characterized by a process of relaxation of international tension. Name the document that culminated in this process:

2) SALT-2 signed in 1979

3) Interim Agreement on the Limitation of the Strategy of Offensive Arms (SALT-1), signed in May 1972

26. As a result of what events did the final collapse of the era of detente occur?

1) With the beginning of the deployment of nuclear missiles medium range on the territory of the GDR and Czechoslovakia

2) With the growing confrontation between the USSR and the USA in regional conflicts(Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, etc.)

3) After the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan

27. What measures allowed the USSR to maintain its importance "in the socialist camp" in the 70s?

1) Open military intervention in the affairs of the allied countries

2) Ensuring the closest economic and military integration of the CMEA countries and the Warsaw Pact

3) Through active diplomatic pressure

28. In May 1972, the first visit to Moscow by a US president in the history of Soviet-American relations took place. Who was that?

1) J. Kennedy

2) R. Nixon

3) R. Reagan

29. The XXIY Congress of the CPSU (March-April 1971) confirmed the continuity and stability of the goals of Soviet foreign policy and developed a new foreign policy doctrine. What name did she get?

1) new thinking;

2) open doors and equal opportunities;

3) Peace program.

30. Who made the decision to provide "fraternal assistance" to Afghanistan?

1) Central Committee of the CPSU

2) the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

3) Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU

Part B.

31. One of the main brakes on the normalization of international relations in the 70s. 20th century ideological confrontation continued. Determine theoretical basis this confrontation:

1) orientation towards the world socialist revolution;

2) the thesis about the growing general crisis of capitalism and the offensive of socialism along the entire front;

3) thesis about potential danger USSR as an economic competitor

32. Which of the treaties between the USA and the USSR of the 70s was signed but not ratified by the US Senate?

1) Treaty on the limitation of underground nuclear tests of 1974

2) Interim agreement on SALT-1 of 1972

3) Treaty on SALT-2

33. In the 60-70s. 20th century the organization of the Warsaw Pact became not only a military defensive alliance of the socialist countries. Determine what functions this organization did not perform:

1) Warsaw Pact became the political center of the countries of Eastern Europe and the USSR;

2) performed the functions of an economic center;

3) coordinated the international relations of the socialist camp as a whole;

4) led the actions of all the pro-communist regimes of the countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America, Near and Middle East;

5) was the ideological center of the socialist camp.

34. In the 1970s and 1980s, a number of major criminal cases were uncovered, such as the case of the Okean company, the case of the former Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade Sushkov, etc. What did these cases testify to?

1) About the existence of a "shadow economy" in the country

2) About high efficiency law enforcement activities

3) On the system of social guarantees in Soviet society

35. What part of the 1965 reform was most actively accepted by business leaders, specialists and workers?

1) A new organized system of economic management

2) Transformation of the state plan into the main form of planning for the development of the national economy

3) Expansion of the economic independence of enterprises

36. Read a fragment from the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On improving planning and strengthening production" of October 4, 1965 and indicate what the inconsistency and inconsistency of reforming the economy consisted of.

"Increasing the role of economic methods in planned management industrial production and expansion of the economic independence of enterprises should be carried out on the basis of further improvement of centralized planning, the implementation of a unified public policy in the field of finance, prices, credit and wages.

This is a contradiction between:

economic independence of enterprises and economic methods guides
central planning and unified state policy
expanding economic independence and increasing wages
economic methods of management and centralized state administration.

37. Read an excerpt from an article by Academician S.S. Shatalina about economic reform mid-1960s and answer the question:

“The famous Kosygin reform was doomed to failure in advance, not because it was bad. It affected the interests of many ... for the entire apparatus, especially for Brezhnev, it was a thorn in the eye.

Which of the following was not one of the reasons for resistance to reform on the part of leaders:

conservatism of the party-state apparatus
lack of L.I. Brezhnev qualities of a reformer
unwillingness of industry leaders to change the methods of management
intention L.I. Brezhnev to carry out a more radical reform.

38. Read an excerpt from M.S. Gorbachev "Life and Reforms". Find the missing word and write it in the text.

"IN politically Brezhnevism is nothing but ___ CONSERVATIVE ____ reaction to the attempt made by Khrushchev to reform the authoritarian model that existed in the country at that time ... Brezhnev knew well the mood of the party-state elite, the military-industrial complex, relied on them and enjoyed their unlimited support, pursuing essentially a tough neo-Stalinist position.

The manual is intended for effective preparation for the Unified state exam by history. It includes a variety of materials to complete all types of tasks and especially the tasks of part 3(C), which require the graduate to be able to formulate their own position, using various arguments for argumentation. historical information and assessment, as well as the ability to draw a portrait of a historical figure of any era (task C6).
The manual is addressed to teachers and methodologists, as well as high school students for self-preparation for the exam.

Pavel I.
1754-1801
In 1742, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna issued a manifesto on the appointment of her nephew as heir to the throne. Karl Peter Ulrich (later Emperor Peter III) was the son of the daughter of Peter I, Anna, and was the grandson of Peter I in the female line, and the great-nephew of the Swedish King Charles XII in the male line.

Elizabeth chose Sophia Frederica Augusta, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst, named Ekaterina Alekseevna in Russia, as her bride for Peter. Only 10 years after the parents got married, on September 20, 1754, a son, Pavel, was born. On the occasion of the birth of the Grand Duke, numerous celebrations were held - balls, fireworks, masquerades, which lasted almost a year. The Empress granted the mother of the newborn 100 thousand rubles, which she personally brought to her on a golden platter.

The childless Elizaveta Petrovna decided to raise her grandson herself and ... took the child away from her parents, despite Catherine's worries. Having deprived Pavel of the parental caress necessary for the baby, Elizabeth assigned to him numerous ignorant grandmothers, who, demanding obedience, often intimidated him. From the sound of the slamming door, the baby hid under the table. The increased nervousness and irritability that Pavel inherited from his father intensified, the fun was quickly replaced by tears, and the attitude towards the people around him was uneven.

Content
Pavel I
Alexander I
Nicholas I
Alexander II
Alexander III
Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky
Alexey Andreevich Arakcheev
Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf
Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev
Alexey Petrovich Ermolov
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin
Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov
Nicholas II
Sergei Yulievich Witte
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky
Lavr Georgievich Kornilov
Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak
Anton Ivanovich Denikin
Nestor Ivanovich Makhno
Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze
Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov)
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili)
Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev
Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov
Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin
Bibliography.

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Unified State Examination, History of Russia, Historical portraits, XIX-XX centuries, Chernova M.N., 2015 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

USE 2019, 100 points, History of Russia, Historical portraits, XIX-XX centuries, Self-study, Chernova M.N.
USE 2019, History, Thematic simulator, History of Russian culture, Assignments with illustrative material, Gevurkova E.A., Chernova M.N.
USE 2018, History, Thematic simulator, History of Russian culture, Assignments with illustrative material, Gevurkova E.A., Chernova M.N.

A general lesson on the topic "Russia at the beginning of the 20th century."

Target: generalize and consolidate knowledge on the topic "Russia at the beginning of the 20th century."

Tasks: summarize students' knowledge of the main trends and results of the global historical process by the beginning of the 20th century;

to develop historical thinking, creative and search activities of students, to form the skills and abilities of working with historical documents and test tasks, update previously studied, establish cause-and-effect relationships, highlight the main thing and systematize the material;

to cultivate love for the study of history, for their Fatherland.

Equipment: tests, reader, illustrations,presentation application.

During the classes.

Organizing time.
Work on the topic of the lesson.

Teacher. The wheel of history goes on and on. But let's stop time, look back, evaluate the events that preceded the revolutions of 1917, sum up the turbulent period in the history of Russia in 1900-1917.

1. Frontal survey.

1. What are the features of the development of the Russian economy at the beginning of the 20th century?

2. Give a description of the political system Russian Empire beginning of the 20th century? Around what issue did the most acute struggle unfold between the government and society?

Working with historical documentsWhat event are we talking about?

“Many women, girls and boys took part in the procession on January 9; families and workers went with their sons and daughters. The mood was solemn, "religious"; personal disputes and sharp squabbles that occurred were stopped by the words: “with the hope of seeing the sovereign”, in order, in the words of one of the victims, “like children to cry out their grief on their father’s chest.”

3. What changes have occurred in the political system of the state in

The period of the Russian revolution?

4. What evolution did Russian foreign policy undergo from 1898 to 1914? Do you think Russia could have avoided military clashes with Japan and Germany?

5.What are character traits Russian cultural renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century?

3. Control and measuring materials on history.

Block 1.

Name the terms corresponding to the following definitions:

1. List (estimate) of cash income and expenditure of the state for a certain period.	State budget
2. Income received by the owner of the share; part of the profits of the joint-stock company.	Dividend
3.Long-term capital investments in the economy.	Investments
4. Expansion of spheres of influence.	Expansion
5. A union state, consisting of united states or state entities that retain a certain legal and political independence.	Federation
6. A plot of land allocated to a peasant upon leaving the community with the preservation of his yard in the village.	Cut

points

Block 2.

Fill in the gaps with the name of the party or the year of its formation.

a) Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries - 1902; RSDLP ------- 1903;

constitutional democratic party ------------- 1905; Union October 17 - 1905

b) " Bloody Sunday» - January 9, 1905; Manifesto "On the improvement of the state order" - October 17, 1905;

6 points

Block 3.

Arrange in chronological order:

a) Brusilovsky breakthrough

b) armed uprising in Moscow

c) Battle of Tsushima

d) the murder of P.A. Stolypin

e) Russia's entry into World War I

f) convocation of the First State Duma

g) the end of the First Revolution in Russia

5 points

Answer: c, b, f, g, d, e, a.

Block 4.

Set match:

A) S.Yu. Witte	1) attracting foreign capital to the Russian economy
B) P.A. Stolypin	2) the fight against peasant land shortages Central Russia through an active resettlement policy
	3) permission to freely leave the community for any householder
	4) introduction of a system of unified provision of the ruble with gold
	5) introduction of the state wine monopoly
	6) dissolution of the II State Duma
	7) securing in private ownership all the allotments of a peasant leaving the community

Answer: A -1.4.5, B- 2.3.6.7. 5 points

Block 5 .Define a historical portrait.

Portrait 1.

Among the favorite activities were chopping wood and clearing snow;

He married a woman named Alice-Victoria-Helena-Louise-Beatrice;

His relative declared war on him;

Everything that he had, he wanted to transfer not to his son, but to his brother;

He wanted to marry the day after the death of his father, and only the strong protests of his relatives prevented him from carrying out his intention;

During the general census, filling out the questionnaire, he wrote in the column "Profession": "The owner of the Russian land."

(Nicholas II) 1 point

Portrait 2.

He was related to the poet M.Yu. Lermontov, to the Chancellor A.M. Gorchakov;

He was born in Dresden, studied in Vilna, in the prime of his career worked in St. Petersburg, died in Kyiv;

His father was the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, and the whole family was friendly with the writer Leo Tolstoy;

His right hand almost did not act, nevertheless, he managed to fill mountains of papers with it;

He once firmly answered his opponents: “You need great upheavals, we need great Russia”;

There were two attempts on his life, and the second attempt proved fatal;

He bequeathed to bury himself in the city where his death would overtake him.

(P.A. Stolypin) 1 point

Block 6.

Read an extract from a historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. Answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application historical knowledge at the rate of history of the corresponding period.

From a letter from S.Yu. Witte to Nicholas II.

“In the present state of affairs, the only prudent way out is to enter into negotiations for peaceful conditions And. in order to at least calm Russia a little, to bring into the speedy and wide execution of the order given by the highest rescript to A.G. Bulygin. The continuation of the war is more than dangerous; further sacrifices the country in the current state of mind will not endure without terrible catastrophes. To continue the war, you need a lot of money and a vast set of people. Further costs will completely upset the financial and economic situation of the empire, which is the central nerve of life. modern states. The poverty of the population will increase, and in parallel, anger and stupefaction of the spirit will increase. Russia will lose credit and all foreign holders of our funds will become our enemies. A new mobilization on a large scale can only be done with the assistance of force... Huge disturbances can develop into a hurricane. In general, at the present time, an army is needed in Russia itself.

Of course, it is terribly painful to start peace negotiations, and it is necessary to surround them with conditions that protect the prestige of the royal power. But it is better to do it now than to expect an even more formidable future ...

Most merciful sovereign! Determination is needed in all matters. But if determination is needed in happiness, then it is especially necessary in misfortune. In adversity, determination is the first step to salvation.”

C1. Write the name of the war in question and its chronological framework.

C2. What position does the author of the memorandum take regarding the continuation of the war? What are his arguments? List at least four.

C3. What was the name of the peace treaty signed at the end of the war? List at least three terms of the contract.

Answers.

C1. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

Arguments:

There is no money and manpower to continue the war

The continuation of the war will entail a breakdown in finances and an economic crisis.

The continuation of the war will increase the poverty of the country's population

Possible negative international consequences

Continued war will turn 'huge unrest into hurricane'

2 points

C3. 1. Portsmouth peace.

2. Terms of the Peace of Portsmouth:

Russia cedes South Sakhalin to Japan

Russia ceded Port Arthur to Japan

Russia recognizes Korea as a zone of Japanese interests

Russia should not pay indemnities to Japan

Both countries pledged to withdraw troops from Manchuria

2 points

Stage work	The number of points for assignments	Total
UE
UE 1
UE2
UE3
UE4
UE5
UE6

III. Consolidation.

What circumstances put Russia on the path of reform?

As you can see, the Russian authorities had the opportunity to take the path of reforms and prevent a revolutionary explosion in 1917. But, active action did not happen from the government side.

IV. Outcome. Student assessment.

Homework repeat the terms and dates of paragraphs 1-23.

Compiled by: teacher MBOU secondary school No. 14 g.o. Kolomna Filimonov E.V.

For preparation, you can use any existing set of textbooks for the school that have a recommendation stamp of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia

Literature for preparation:

1. History of Russia. Textbook / Orlov A.S., Georgiev V.A., Georgieva N.G., Sivokhina T.A. - M.: Prospect, 2014
2. Anisimov E. V., Kamensky A. B. History of Russia 1682–1861. experimental tutorial for secondary schools. M., 1996.
3. Borisov N.S. The policy of the Moscow princes (the end of the 13th - the first half of the 14th century) M .: MGU, 1999. - 391 p.
4. Danilevsky I. N. Ancient Russia through the eyes of contemporaries and descendants (IX-XII centuries): A course of lectures. M., 1998 [M., 1999; 2nd ed., revised. and additional Moscow: Aspect Press, 2001]. – 399 p.
5. History of Russia XIX - early XX century / Ed. V. A. Fedorova: Textbook - 3rd ed. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2004. - 752 p. - (Classic university textbook).
6. Sailors V. I., Fedorov V. A., Shchetinov Yu. A. History of Russia: A manual for high school students and university entrants. 6th ed., corrected and enlarged. M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2004. - 506 p.
7. History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the XVIII century. Textbook. Ed. B.N. Flory. M. 2010.
8. Moryakov V.I. History of Russia IX–XVIII centuries. Moscow: Philol. about-in "WORD"; Eksmo, 1994. - 448 p.
9. Russia under Peter I; Russia under the successors of Peter // History of Russia in the 18th–19th centuries: Textbook. Ed. acad. L.V. Milova. Moscow: Eksmo, 2006. 20 p.
10. Milov L.V. Rep. ed.: History of Russia from ancient times to early XXI century: textbook / ed. acad. L.V. Milova. In 3 volumes / M .: Eksmo, 2006. 147 p.

Volume 1. History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 17th century.
Volume 2. History of Russia in the 18th–19th centuries.
Volume 3. History of Russia in the XX - early XXI centuries.

11. History of modern Russia. 1985-1994. M., "Terra", 1995
12. A.G. Golikov, T.A. Kruglova. Methods of working with historical sources. Under the editorship of prof. A.G. Golikova. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2014. - 224 p.
13. History of Russia. Tutorial. At 3 hours, Part 1: Ancient Russia - the era of Catherine II / T.V. Chernikova; under total ed. V.I. Ukolova; MGIMO(U) MFA of Russia, department global and national history. - 2nd ed. - M.: MGIMO-University, 2009.
14. History of Russia. Tutorial. In 3 hours, Part 2: The Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th century / Y.V. Vishnyakov; under total ed. V.I. Ukolova; MGIMO (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, department. world and national history. - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional – M.: MGIMO-University, 2009.
15. History of Russia. Tutorial. At 3 pm, Part 3: The Twentieth Century: 1914-1991. In 2 books. Book. 1 / M.Yu. Myagkov, O.G. Obichkin; under total ed. IN AND. Prickly; MGIMO(U) MFA of Russia, department world and national history. - 2nd ed. - M.: MGIMO-University, 2012.
16. Airapetov, O.R. Foreign policy Russian Empire 1801-1914 M.2006.
17. Borisov, N.S. Ivan III (series "ZhZL") M., Young Guard, 2006
18. Vdovin, A.I. History of the USSR from Lenin to Gorbachev. 2nd ed. M., 2014.
19. Zakharova, L.G. Alexander II and the abolition of serfdom in Russia. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011.
20. Kornilov, A.A. Course of the history of Russia in the XIX century / Alexander Kornilov; [Intro. Art. A. A. Levandovsky]. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2004.
21. Pavlenko, N.I. Peter I. - M .: Mol. guard, 2000. - 428 p.
22. Rybakov, B.A. Kievan Rus and Russian principalities of the XII-XIII centuries. M., 1982
23. Skrynnikov, R.G. Russia on the Eve of the Time of Troubles. Moscow: Thought, 1981
24. Florya, B.N. Ivan the Terrible. - Ed. 3rd. - M.: Young Guard, 2009. - 482 p.
25. Ukolova V. I. History ancient world. Book for reading M.: ROSMEN, 2004.
26. Danilevsky IN Ancient and medieval Russia: Experimental textbook. allowance. M., 1996 .
27. Anisimov E. V., Kamensky A. B. Russia in the 18th – first half of the 19th century: History. Historian. Document. Experimental textbook for senior classes. M., 1994. 2nd ed.: M., 1996.
28. Nemirovsky A. I., Ilyinskaya L. S., Ukolova V. I. Antiquity: history and culture: A guide for students st. generic classes. institutions. In 2 vols. M.: Aspect Press, 1994. 4th ed. M.: TERRA, 1999.

Internet resources.

Russian history:

1. Project "CHRONOS"
2. Russian educational portal. Collection: historical documents
3. historical sources in Russian on the Internet (Electronic Library of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov)
4. History of Military Affairs: research and sources
5. Materials of Russian history
6. "History of Russia XIX century"
8. HistoryLinks.Ru directory of historical sites
9. School Blog Section

Do you want to receive maximum score 11 on a historical essay on the exam (task 25)? But this is the FIFTH part of your final score! Then just using USE expert learn 12 essays in the third block - XX CENTURY!

GET YOUR 11 POINTS ON ESSAY NOW!

Hope everyone knows what to prepare historical essay (tasks 25) at the exam is it most effective to learn 12 periods of the THIRD BLOCK (XX CENTURY), which begin in 1914 (World War I) and end in 1991 (the collapse of the USSR)?

We have for you essays for EACH of these periods from the USE expert with a complete analysis of each of the criteria FOR THE MAXIMUM! And these are your true 11 primary points on the exam!

In addition, they are written as short as possible (12-15 sentences, no more than 1 page of text), easy to remember and literally created in order to quickly and effectively repeat the material of the twentieth century with a bang!

PERIODS OF THE XX CENTURY

1964, October - 1985, March - "stagnation" / Brezhnev, "five-year lavish funeral”, Andropov + Chernenko

Your bonus will be THREE essays for periods of the early twentieth century that are not included in the third block, you can see an example of one of them with a complete similar analysis below:

EXAMPLE OF AN ESSAY FROM THE EXPERT! EASIER TO REMEMBER!

This period of the country's history followed the period of "counter-reforms" Alexander III Peacekeeper. In October 1894, after his death, the last Russian emperor, Nicholas II, who was nicknamed "Bloody" among the people, and now canonized, ascended the throne.

From the new emperor and his government, the liberal public expected concessions and reforms, but already in his first public speech, the Tsar announced "meaningless dreams about the participation of zemstvo representatives in matters of internal self-government." Indeed, in this period he continues the conservative policy of his father, in 1903 he signed the Manifesto, which provides for the preservation of the peasant community in an unchanged form. After that, a supporter of decisive bourgeois reforms S.Yu. Witte, Minister of Finance of the Empire.

Witte also strongly opposed the aggressive "Great Asian Program" of Nicholas II and the outbreak of war with Japan. He believed that the country should limit itself to economic expansion in the Far East, for this purpose he signed the secret Moscow Treaty with China, which allowed Russia to build a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway through the territory of Northern China - Manchuria (CER). In 1902, he personally visited the Far East, inspecting Russian communications, fortifications, and came to the conclusion that the country was not ready for war with Japan. In 1903, he defended this opinion at the Big Conference on the Far East, however, most of Nikolai's advisers (including V.K. Plehve) were for the war. They hoped with its help to destroy the competition of Japan in the development of the wealth of the region (Korea, Manchuria).

As a result of this policy, in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, would go to war with Japan. And in 1905 he will lose it, recognizing this at the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, transferring South Sakhalin to Japan. The reaction of the people will be the First Russian Revolution.

Criteria analysis of this essay.

So why is this a MAXIMUM 11 POINT essay? We will analyze according to the criteria

CRITERION 1 (Indication of events (phenomena, processes).

Two events (phenomena, processes) are correctly indicated - 2 points!

1) In October 1894, after his death, the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II came to the throne;

2) ... in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, will go to war with Japan.

CRITERION 2 (Historical figures and their role in the indicated events (phenomena, processes) given period stories)

Two correctly named historical figures, the role of each of these personalities is correctly characterized with an indication of their specific actions that largely influenced the course and (or) the result of the named events (phenomena, processes) of the period under consideration in the history of Russia - 2 points!

1) King<Николай II>declared "meaningless dreams about the participation of representatives of the zemstvos in matters of internal self-government." Indeed, in this period he continues the conservative policy of his father, in 1903 he signed the Manifesto, which provides for the preservation of the peasant community in an unchanged form.

2) Witte ... signed the secret Moscow Treaty with China, which allowed Russia to build a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway through the territory of Northern China - Manchuria (CER). In 1902, he personally visited the Far East, inspecting Russian communications, fortifications, and came to the conclusion that the country was not ready for war with Japan. In 1903, he defended this opinion at the Great Conference on the Affairs of the Far East ...

CRITERION 3 (Cause and effect relationships)

Two causal relationships are correctly indicated, characterizing the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in the given period - 2 points!

1) ... in 1903 he signed the Manifesto, providing for the preservation of the peasant community unchanged. After that, a supporter of decisive bourgeois reforms S.Yu. Witte, Minister of Finance of the Empire.

2) however, most of Nikolai's advisers (including V.K. Plehve) were for the war. They hoped with its help to destroy the competition of Japan in the development of the wealth of the region (Korea, Manchuria). As a result of this policy, in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, would go to war with Japan.

CRITERION 4 (Assessment of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period for the further history of Russia)

An assessment of the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia is given, based on historical facts and (or) opinions of historians - 1 point!

As a result of this policy, in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, would go to war with Japan. And in 1905 he will lose it, recognizing this at the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, transferring South Sakhalin to Japan. The reaction of the people will be the First Russian Revolution.

CRITERION 5 (Use of historical terminology)

Historical terminology is correctly used in the presentation - 1 point!

Emperor, liberal public, reforms, "Great Asian Program", conservative politics, peasant community...

CRITERION 6 (Presence of factual errors)

There are no factual errors in the historical essay - 2 points!

CRITERION 7 (Form of presentation)

The answer is presented in the form of a historical essay (consistent, coherent presentation of the material) - 1 point!

So, before you is an essay (task 25) for a maximum of 11 points, and now you know how to get similar ones throughout the block of the twentieth century, just learn them (this is real) and get your best score on the exam.