Patronymic Tereshkova. Valentina Tereshkova lives in the Moscow region and is engaged in social and political activities in Russia. Career after the flight

Recall: “The Seagull” is the call sign of Valentina TERESHKOVA in orbit, and it was under this name that a simple Russian spinner entered the history of world cosmonautics. Recently, a scandal erupted in the family of Valentina Vladimirovna. Her daughter Elena treacherously left her husband, Igor MAYOROV. The deceived husband, offended, agreed to tell EG about some of the details of his drama. After his revelations, new and unexpected features appeared in the well-known image of Tereshkova. So, from this material you will learn:

* How "The Seagull" annoyed her husband, cosmonaut Andrian Nikolaev * How Tereshkova dared her daughter's suitors * Why Elena, the daughter of an astronaut, ran away from home * How Valentina Vladimirovna blackmailed the matchmaker

* Why Tereshkova was not at her daughter's wedding * What gifts does the second and beloved son-in-law receive from the "cosmic" mother-in-law

Olga KHODAEVA

The news that "The Seagull" gave birth was accompanied by incredible rumors. It was said that the girl was born blind, deaf, with six fingers and three legs. And all, they say, because her father and mother experienced cosmic overload. They argued in vain. In July this year Elena turned 39. She is healthy and very similar to a handsome father. But her life was not going smoothly. Only the weightlessness experienced by the parents has nothing to do with it.

While Elena was growing up, Valentina Vladimirovna headed the Committee Soviet women, - says the ex-husband of daughter Tereshkova. - My wife's mother succeeded in her work: they say she managed to convince the leaders of many states to make concessions Soviet government. But she did not know how to get along with her own daughter.

home tyrant

Until the age of 18, Lena was Nikolaeva, like her dad, Andriyan Grigorievich. But after the divorce of her parents, the daughter of the space couple wrote a statement to the police with a request to allow her to bear her mother's surname. Why the maturing girl had to abandon her father, who did not stop loving her even after parting with Tereshkova, one can only guess.

I did not want to offend my mother, - says Elena, trying to explain the act of 20 years ago. - Yes, and dad did not seem offended.

After a divorce from his wife, Nikolaev had a heart attack. Perhaps the forced break with his daughter also affected his health. He lost her for almost 10 years. The strip of alienation ended only when Lena got rid of the control of the "Seagull" by getting married. “Shortly after the wedding, a phone call rang in my apartment,” recalls Igor Mayorov, the ex-husband of Tereshkova’s daughter. - Andriyan Grigoryevich introduced himself and asked permission to talk to his daughter. He complained that the ex-wife interfered with their meetings. Since then, Lena often visited her father. For which Tereshkova took revenge on the abandoned Nikolaev, insisting on changing her daughter's surname, Elena never mentioned her husband. On what occasions the father and mother quarreled, she also does not want to discuss, but she admits: there was no mutual understanding in the family. - Both are heroes of the Soviet Union, both are public busy people, each in character is a leader. They didn’t know how to give in to each other, - she tries to justify her parents.

Little Alenka rarely saw her mother. She was raised by her grandmother - mother Tereshkova. Between the "Seagull" and the grown-up daughter, the abyss grew over the years. This annoyed the female astronaut with the character of the male commander.

At receptions in foreign embassies, smiling Valentina Vladimirovna strictly observed the rules good manners, and at home she relaxed and used to behave in a simple way.

Once Alena came to me all in tears, - Igor Mayorov recalls the time when he was still courting future wife. - She complained: “Mother hit me in the face with such force that even the earrings flew out of my ears!” But Valentina Vladimirovna also knew how to be affectionate. Without divorcing Nikolaev, she got along with Yuli Shaposhnikov, director of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (CITO). This one, which lasted several years, secret connection caused a break with her first husband. And when talk of decay star family calmed down a little former lovers registered. Elena has no reason to be offended by her stepfather. After graduating from medical school, she worked under his wing at CITO. Igor Mayorov remembers how his fiancee was taken on duty and home in a company car.

Nonsensical mother-in-law

Igor Mayorov lived with his daughter Tereshkova for seven years. And I saw my mother-in-law with my own eyes only three times, and then - before the wedding.

He met Lena and Valentina Vladimirovna on the same day.

One day friends unexpectedly came to my house, - says Igor. “They brought a pretty dark-haired girl with them. It was Lena. Later, the guys admitted that Tereshkova's daughter really asked them to introduce her to me. Near the entrance, our company was waiting for a black "Seagull" - the cosmonaut's service limousine. We drove to the Star. I realized that her undivided power reigned in the town. Imagine: especially for me in the middle of the night they opened the Museum of Cosmonautics. Then I ended up visiting a famous family. Valentina Vladimirovna was at home and graciously received us.

Igor almost did not remember the second meeting: Lena needed to go to her mother at work, to the Committee of Soviet Women, and he accompanied her. But the third date was fatal. “Valentina Vladimirovna invited Lena and me to the dacha without any special reason, no celebration and guests were expected,” recalls the former son-in-law. - I myself was driving, I didn’t know the road well, and we were late, only about 20 minutes. But as soon as we crossed the threshold of the house, Tereshkova fell upon us with reproaches, splashing hurtful words. I got excited and answered in the same spirit. And then he turned around and left. Even before this unfortunate misunderstanding, Elena admitted to Igor that her mother did not like all her past suitors. "The Seagull" believed that the guys knocked down the threshold of their house only because they wanted to intermarry with the first cosmonaut, enjoy the benefits of her family and make a career for themselves. Igor himself went to eligible suitors. His father - Alexei Mayorov - in those years headed the representative office of Aeroflot in Sweden, and before that he led the government air squadron and was the personal pilot of four general secretaries - Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko and Gorbachev. (We plan to publish an article about the famous pilot in the next issues. - Ed.) The Mayorov family did not live in poverty, so the guy was not interested in Tereshkova's money and benefits, and he could make a career without the help of Chaika. But due to an unfortunate oversight, Igor fell out of favor.

By that time, Elena had turned 26 - it would be time to get married. And the girl decided to run away from home. For several weeks she hid with Igor at the dachas of friends.

Valentina Vladimirovna, in anger, called her father in Stockholm, - Igor recalls. - She was shouting something utter: I supposedly introduced Lena to drugs, robbed her apartment, and threatened to put me in jail. Well, how could I inject drugs or smoke weed if I flew as a co-pilot at Sheremetyevo? Yes, and Tereshkova hastily invented about theft, hoping to crush him with her authority. But my father was not timid. And instead of sending his daughter to her mother, he waved his hand and said: “Marry!” The wedding of Lena and Igor was modest. We celebrated at the apartment. Only 12 people were present. Valentina Vladimirovna was not invited. Two years later, the Mayorovs had a son, Alyosha. “Elena said that she would never show her grandson to her mother,” says Igor. - Valentina Vladimirovna also did not make any attempts to make peace with us. We did not receive any congratulations or gifts from her. Meanwhile, the astronaut at work often met with her son-in-law's father - they had joint projects. But she had the courage not to be interested in her own daughter and grandson.

Husbands swap wives

In 1999, Lena fell in love and left her husband. Her chosen one was Igor's colleague - pilot Andrei Rodionov. Then, however, as now, Elena worked as a doctor in medical center Aeroflot. Andrei regularly came to see her, during one of these visits they became close.

Once, three-year-old Alyosha asked his father:

Dad, why, when you are on a business trip, does Uncle Andrey sleep in your place? By that time, Igor already guessed that his wife was cheating on him. - I'm tired of being my husband's nanny, - Elena explains the reason for the family discord. - Igor could have had a great career, but he did not strive for anything, he lived only on what his father achieved. And with Andrey, I felt that next to me was a real and loving man. Deceived Igor, investigating the story new love Elena, met the abandoned wife of Andrei Rodionov. At first they became friends, and then began to live together. “They decided to take revenge on us, and they are still taking revenge,” Elena chuckles. Having left her husband, she did not allow Igor to see her son. He had to seek the right to communicate with the child through the courts. He was allowed to see Alyosha only 3 times a month and only in the presence of his mother. - My ex-wife wants to erase the idea in her son's memory that it was she who destroyed the family, - Igor believes. - Even despite the court order, I hardly see Alyosha: Elena always finds excuses to refuse a date. She probably remembered how Valentina Vladimirovna successfully managed to excommunicate her from her father, and now her daughter is successfully applying the experience of her mother.

generous grandmother

Elena left her husband, taking a couple of suitcases. At first, they rented an apartment with Andrei. But lovers soon got tired of loitering without a roof over their heads. The daughter went to confess to her mother. So "The Seagull" saw her grandson for the first time. Alyosha was then in his fifth year.

Elena's lawyer told me that Tereshkova did not immediately forgive her daughter, says Mayorov. - She felt sorry for her grandson, because the baby also experienced inconvenience, living where he had to. Valentina Vladimirovna ceded to Elena and her new husband her apartment in an elite building in Granatny Lane. By that time, Tereshkova's second husband, Julius Shaposhnikov, had died. "The Seagull" was left all alone. And then the daughter returned, the grandson appeared, and life again filled with meaning. Valentina Vladimirovna did not have to crowd: the first cosmonaut had plenty of living space - in Zvezdny there was a four-room apartment and a solid cottage in the forest zone of the town. The only heiress of all real estate is Elena. - With his first wife, Andrei lived in a three-room apartment on Sokol, - says Igor Mayorov. - At first, having left the family, he did not apply for this housing. But then he changed his mind. He said that he was leaving the living space behind him, and gave his abandoned wife 42 thousand dollars to buy an apartment. I, like Andrey, fly on a Boeing and know perfectly well how much pilots get. Believe me: you can’t save up for an apartment from my salary even in ten years! It remains to be assumed that the newly-minted son-in-law received an impressive sum of money from a generous mother-in-law.

There are other reasons to think that Andrei managed to win the favor of Elena's mother. After marrying the daughter of an astronaut, his career took off sharply. He was the commander of the Il-62. Usually the next step is the co-pilot of the Boeing. But Andrei immediately sat in the commander's chair of the highest class aircraft. The second son-in-law was grateful. He does not reread his mother-in-law and tries to help her in everything. They say that in winter Andrei Rodionov regularly clears the snow near Tereshkova's cottage.

Over the past year, according to Igor, Tereshkova twice took her grandson Alyosha abroad - to Malta and Spain. Where does the first cosmonaut get money - for an apartment, a mansion and tourist trips- the ex-son-in-law and it is somehow inconvenient to ask. Valentina Vladimirovna in collaboration with commercial structures they didn't seem to notice. She still works at the Russian Center for International Scientific and cultural cooperation under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. And, according to her daughter, she lives modestly, on a salary and a pension. What benefits are due to the mother, as the first cosmonaut, Elena could not remember, saying that they were not significant. Peter, native son Yulia Shaposhnikova, assures that her father was not engaged in business, but devoted himself entirely to science.

Instead of an epilogue

Elena, four years after the divorce, did not abandon the surname of her first husband, she is still Mayorova and is in no hurry to become Rodionova. From the apartment of the former spouse is not yet discharged. Igor believes that someday she may raise the issue of the division of property. And there is something to share in the Mayorov family. Elena said that her ex-husband had four apartments, at least three cars, a couple of cottages and a huge bank account. She is also sure that the talk of her mother's money former spouse splashes in the press is not accidental. He wants to forestall some possible property process. If the spouses do not amicably agree, then it is possible that the legend of the "Seagull" will acquire new details.

By the way

On the eve of the 40th anniversary of her first flight, Valentina Tereshkova denied rumors that her first marriage to cosmonaut Andrian Nikolaev took place on the "order" of the Politburo. But she confirmed that Leonid Brezhnev personally gave her permission to divorce.

From the dossier

Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna 10th cosmonaut in the world, 6th cosmonaut in the USSR - born March 6, 1937

March 12, 1962 - enrolled in the cosmonaut corps June 16, 1963 - flew into space on the Vostok-6 spacecraft November 3, 1963 - married cosmonaut Andriyan Nikolaev June 8, 1964 - gave birth to a daughter, Elena In 1979 entered into civil marriage with Yuli Shaposhnikov In 1982 - divorced Andriyan Nikolaev

Tereshkova's biography can be conditionally divided into two parts: before the flight into space and after it.

Valentina was born Yaroslavl region, in the village of Bolshoe Maslennikovo on March 6, 1937 in peasant family. Valentina did not study for long at school - she finished only 7 classes, after which she went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant. The life of the family was difficult, since the father of the future cosmonaut died in the Soviet-Finnish war. However, the girl did not quit her studies, and in 1955 she graduated from evening school.

After that, she worked in the light industry, studied, was a party activist, was fond of parachuting and playing the domra.

Preparation and flight into space

The initiator of sending a woman into space was Sergei Korolev. Valentina Tereshkova, like several other girls (including V. Ponomareva and I. Solovyova), passed the selection, and she was enrolled simultaneously in the cosmonaut corps and for urgent military service.

The biography of Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna says that the training was tough. Among other things, it was necessary to spend 10 days in a sound chamber.

When choosing candidates, aspects of political and ideological literacy, the ability to conduct public activities were taken into account. It was Tereshkova who met all the criteria, and on June 16, 1963, the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut into low Earth orbit began. Valentina Tereshkova spent three days outside the Earth. After this flight, S. Korolev announced that the next woman would go into space only after his death - and it happened.

More Valentina Tereshkova did not fly into space, but continued military service.

Public activity and politics

In 1966, Valentina Tereshkova first tried her hand at politics and has since participated in political life country as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. But she did not leave politics after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since 2008, she has been actively working with the United Russia party, including being elected to the State Duma. In addition, the first female cosmonaut is involved in charity: she helps her native school and some other children's institutions.

Personal life

The personal life of the heroine of the Soviet Union was difficult, she was married twice. For the first time she married fellow cosmonaut Andriyan Nikolaev. The guest of honor at their wedding was N. Khrushchev. In 1964, she gave birth to a daughter, Elena, and after she came of age, in 1983, the marriage broke up. The second husband of Tereshkova was a military doctor Yuri Shaposhnikov.

Merit recognition

The world's first female astronaut received many awards from her country and foreign countries in addition, not only streets, museums and schools bear her name, but also the lunar crater.

Other biography options

• After the flight, Valentina Tereshkova grossly violated the regime: she distributed her flight ration to the residents Altai Territory where she landed and began to eat local food.
• Due to the flight, the astronaut developed numerous women's problems, because of which she had to spend the entire pregnancy in the hospital.
• Tereshkova's relatives did not know that she was flying, believing that the woman simply went to military training. They were told about what had happened only after her safe landing.
• The astronaut was so eager to continue her space activities that she was preparing to go to Mars with no possibility of returning.
• The footage of the ship's landing was not documentary: due to Tereshkova's poor health, they were filmed the next day.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova inscribed her name in golden letters in the history of astronautics. Indeed, the flight of man into outer space is by no means an ordinary event capable of impressing the whole world. Especially if this cosmonaut is a fragile woman, such a step in the eyes of the public looks like a feat!

Childhood and parents

The future world celebrity was born in the village of Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region, on March 6, 1937. Her family was completely absorbed in working in the field Agriculture. Valya's father, Vladimir Aksenovich Tereshkov, realized himself in the difficult work of a tractor driver. Mother worked on a collective farm, at a textile factory.

In young age

Tereshkova's childhood was quite difficult, as it fell on the war years, when misfortune, devastation and despair reigned around. And given the fact that in 1939 her father died at the front during the Soviet-Finnish military conflict, indeed, very difficult period life experienced then the future celebrity.

Little Valyusha went to school for the first time in 1945, just after the victorious completion of the Great Patriotic War. But given the rather heavy financial situation in her family, she was forced in 1955, immediately after finishing the seventh grade, to leave her studies and get a job at a tire factory located in the city of Yaroslavl.

However, the girl still finished high school, enrolling in evening department, general program which in those days comprehended the majority of Soviet people.

Career

It already happened, perhaps even by the will of fate, that at the age of 17, Tereshkova signed up and went willingly to the Yaroslavl flying club. Skydiving, which was often practiced there, she liked. In total, Valentina Vladimirovna performed 163 jumps from an airplane, which is a very solid indicator, especially for a woman. Tereshkova even received a sports category for success in parachuting.

Parachuting managed to attract the attention of Valentina Vladimirovna so much that she could no longer stop doing it. And it was thanks to this hobby that her difficult and rather thorny path to the cosmonaut team.

After successfully graduating from the evening school, Valentina enters extramural technical school of light industry. Here the learning process lasted 5 years, from 1955 to 1960.
Entering the Krasny Perekop enterprise in 1960, Tereshkova immediately became a secretary Komsomol organization. I was able to successfully work in this position for two years.

Back in 1962, the famous rocket and space technology designer Sergei Korolev first voiced the idea of ​​sending a woman to conquer outer space. This idea was approved by the top leadership of the then ruling Communist Party.

After that, a thorough search for the most suitable candidate for translating this bold idea into reality has already begun.

However, the process of choosing a female astronaut was quite difficult. The main requirements were presented to all the participants: a candidate for without fail she was supposed to go in for parachuting, her height should be up to 170 centimeters, and her weight should not exceed 70 kilograms.

Among the main candidates for astronauts, 5 girls were initially selected, among whom was Tereshkova. All the girls started daily exhausting training, during which it became clear that Valentina Tereshkova was the most suitable candidate for space flight.

And then came June 16, 1963 - a significant day for Tereshkova. It was then that she, aboard the Vostok-6 spacecraft, launched towards the unknown and mysterious space distances. The flight took more than two days and all this time Valentina was in a state of weightlessness, having made 48 turns around the planet Earth!

At the end of the program spaceship"Vostok-6" landed in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory. For such a high achievement in the field of astronautics, as well as for the persistence and perseverance shown to the whole world in achieving the intended goal, Tereshkova received honorary title"The hero of the USSR". In addition, the first female cosmonaut in history was awarded the Order of Lenin, as well as the Gold Star medal.

Until the last moment, the relatives of Valentina Vladimirovna could not imagine that she would be able to conquer space! News about Tereshkova's grandiose flight that excited the whole public, they could hear only on the radio!

The astronaut tried to hide her true intentions from them, saying at the same time that she was going to parachute jumping competitions. As the astronaut herself later admitted, the motive for her actions was dictated by the fact that she was afraid of the experiences of her relatives, and therefore tried to protect them from these emotions.

In the history of world cosmonautics, Tereshkova's flight was the only time when a woman alone was able to carry out such an extraordinary act!

After her famous flight, Tereshkova works as an instructor in the field of astronautics, is a tester of spacecraft. In 1964 she entered the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy, in 1969 she graduated with honors, which included the profession "pilot-cosmonaut-engineer".

During her studies, Valentina Vladimirovna was able to write more than 50 scientific papers in her specialization.

However, since 1966, Tereshkova has been actively immersed in social work. Thanks to her, the cosmonaut was able to receive a huge number of various awards, was awarded many recognitions both in the Soviet Union and far beyond its borders.

In the period from 1968 to 1987, Valentina Vladimirovna worked in the high position of chairman of the Committee of Soviet Women. After that, Tereshkova holds the post of head of the Presidium of the Union of the Soviet Society for Friendship and Culture of Relations with foreign countries where she worked until 1992.

Since 1992, Tereshkova has been the main presidium Russian Association international cooperation, and already in 1995, Valentina Vladimirovna became the chairman of the Interdepartmental Council for Coordinating the Activities of Russian Science Centers.

But since 1997, Tereshkova has been working at the Cosmonaut Training Center, where she holds the position of senior researcher.

Since 2008, Tereshkova has been a member of the State Duma of Russia.

Personal life and children of Valentina Tereshkova

Living an ordinary earthly life, Tereshkova in 1963 marries Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolaev, who at that time was also a well-known cosmonaut. Soon, in 1964, they have a daughter, Elena. However, 1974 became a separation year for Valentina Vladimirovna and Nikolaev, the family broke up, the couple divorced. She already remarried Yuli Shaposhnikov, who died in 1999.>

With Andrian Nikolaev and daughter Alena. 1967

Tereshkova now

Valentina Tereshkova, who in the spring of 2018 crossed the 80-year milestone, received many wishes, including personally from the President of the Russian Federation. The first woman cosmonaut was also noted by the head Orthodox Church. The Patriarch awarded Valentina Tereshkova with the Order of Euphrosyne of Moscow on her birthday, March 6.

A week later, Valentina opened an exhibition in London, which was dedicated to herself. The audience greeted Valentina Vladimirovna with applause, and in the fall, UNESCO awarded retired Major General Tereshkova with a medal for achievements in space science.

Russia was and remains the first in everything. We went into space first. Yuri Gagarin became the first space hero.

However, he was not the only one who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition to Gagarin, into space in different time about 10 astronauts were sent. Among them was Valentina Tereshkova, the first female cosmonaut.

Valentina Tereshkova

In this article we will talk about who Valentina Tereshkova really is - what is interesting in her biography and personal life for our contemporaries.

Valentina Tereshkova was born in the Yaroslavl region on March 6, 1937. Its history began in a small village, which is difficult to see on the map of Russia (formerly the USSR). Her parents are from Belarus. None of them even thought that their daughter would become the first woman in the USSR to go into space.

Tereshkova's mother worked at a textile factory. Father was a tractor driver. Unfortunately, the Tereshkova family managed to live happily for a short time. Valentina's father died in the Soviet-Finnish war. Naturally, this was a great loss for the family.

Valentina Tereshkova in childhood and adolescence

It's not just that they lost a loved one. There was one less breadwinner in the family. The mother had to work even harder to at least provide her family with everything necessary.

In 1945, Tereshkova went to school in Yaroslavl. Then no one knew about Valentina Tereshkova. The school now bears her name. Students know Valentina's biography inside and out. Personal life Soviet star students are of little interest. Her cosmic feat is important to them.

Valya was a diligent student. She did not want to upset her mother, so she received exceptionally high marks. In addition to studying, Tereshkova was engaged in playing the dombra. Vali had a good ear for music. It is possible that if Tereshkova had not become an astronaut, she would have connected her life with music.

After 7 years of schooling, Tereshkova went to work. She wanted to help her family financially, so she got a job at the Yaroslavl tire plant. Despite wanting to support his family, young girl did not drop out of school. She went to school in the evening.

Valentina Tereshkova went in for parachuting

Just at this time, Valentina was fascinated by parachuting. She attended the local flying club. Tereshkova was a fearless girl. Unlike her "colleagues" in the club, jumping was very easy for her.

It was parachuting that became a landmark in the biography of Valentina Tereshkova. At that time, a set of female paratroopers with certain parameters was announced, one of which was supposed to fly into space.

Who else but Tereshkova could still go into space?

Of course, Valentina Tereshkova was not the only contender for the title of the first Soviet woman cosmonaut. Besides her, there were 3 other girls. Why was Tereshkova chosen? One of the reasons is her impeccable biography and personal life. The second reason is that she really was the best prepared.

Let's remember who could go along with Tereshkova to surf the galaxy. Among them were Valentina Ponomareva, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Irina Solovieva, Zhanna Erkina. Each of them dreamed of becoming the first.

Irina Solovieva, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Zhanna Yorkina, Valentina Ponomareva, Valentina Tereshkova and Sergei Korolev

Khrushchev had the final say. It was he who decided which of the girls would become the first astronaut. Perhaps, in addition to the reasons we have listed above, why they chose her, there were some others. However, nothing is known about them. Only Tereshkova knows why she went into space, and not someone else. Especially since all the girls-candidates deserved it.

Valentina Tereshkov in her youth

How was the fate of the other girls?

Two of the girls never went into space. However, this did not stop them from arranging their lives. in the best way. Ponomareva became an aviation colonel. She defended her dissertation and now works at the Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology.

Valentina Tereshkova in training

Solovyov, like Ponomareva, Ph.D. She works at the astronaut training test center. Solovieva also took part in Antarctic and Arctic expeditions. The famous women's team "Metelitsa" became native to her.

After the flight, the foreign press nicknamed Valentina Tereshkova "Miss Universe". From a girl unknown to anyone, she became real star cosmic scale. Now the journalists wanted to know everything about her: her biography, something from the personal life of the astronaut.

For Valentina, June 16, 1963 was a decisive day. She ended up in orbit under the call sign "Seagull". Before Tereshkova, only 10 people made a space trip around the earth.

Valentina Tereshkova getting ready for space flight

For 3 days, while Tereshkova was outside our planet, journalists learned more and more about her. She returned to earth as the most famous girl in the Soviet Union. She was solemnly welcomed at the airport. Tereshkova walked the red carpet and was nominated for awards. She became the only female general in Russia.

The authorities in every possible way supported the myth that a man from outer space is returning as if from a resort. Naturally, being at that time in aircraft, it was difficult to talk about any comfort. However, Soviet citizens had to believe that flying for astronauts was a matter of course.

Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova

Interesting facts from Tereshkova's flight

How do you imagine the aircraft of that time? It is now that astronauts use laptops, read newspapers and have fun in flight. In the 60s, at least minimal comfort could only be dreamed of.

The astronaut must spend all the time in flight lying down. He was unable to walk or move anywhere. Agree, lying for 3 days in one position is not an easy task. Moreover, for some it is simply not feasible. Only not for Tereshkova and other male cosmonauts who had already flown into space before her.

Valentina Tereshkova in space

It is known that Yuri Gagarin, returning from his first flight, could not recover for several days in a row. The man forgot his name, date and constructor's name aircraft. Gagarin is one of those people who has always been cheerful and energetic. However, after returning from space, Yuri was melancholy for several days in a row. Even if a man strong in both body and spirit behaves like this after a flight, then what could be said about a woman, even if not as fragile as others.

Now that Valentina Tereshkova's fame has subsided a little and only a few are still interested in her biography and personal life, she is ready to tell how the flight actually went.

Initially, they wanted to send the girl into space in a brand new lieutenant uniform. Later, Tereshkova was sent to change clothes. The authorities decided that the "militarist note" is useless here.

The start of the flight was, surprisingly, successful. But what happened next, only Tereshkova and the leaders of the launch knew. It turns out that in automatic program the aircraft was inaccurate.

Valentina Tereshkova and Yuri Gagarin

You can't call it insignificant. The mistake was so serious that the girl could simply not return to earth. The flying ship was oriented so that instead of descending, it raised the orbit. It turns out that Tereshkova did not approach the Earth, but moved away from it.

Naturally, Tereshkova immediately reported this problem to the Queen. The day after the flight, the system was fixed. Gradually the ship adjusted to the correct course.

Nobody knew about this error for several decades. Valentina Tereshkova decided to talk about this only when such information began to penetrate the press without her knowledge.

Tereshkova's personal life

Some time ago, information “walked” on the Internet that Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was unhappy in her personal life. As if Khrushchev changed her biography, who married her to Valya's first husband, Andriyan Nikolaev. Actually, it's all fiction.

Valentina Tereshkova with her first husband Andrian Nikolaev

Tereshkova's first husband began courting her even before the flight. Andrian was 10 years older than Valentina. It is possible that this is one of the reasons why they broke up. The lovers got married 5 months after Tereshkova's flight.

Some of Valentina's acquaintances believed that their marriage would really only be good for politics or science. After all, the lovers were completely different. Valentine is fire. Andrian - water. Both Tereshkova and Nikolaev were strong-willed people. Giving in to another is an incomprehensible task for them. Many have noticed this.

The marriage of Tereshkova and Nikolaev lasted 19 years. A year after the wedding, they had a daughter.

Valentina was constantly traveling around the country. Her husband at that time was preparing for a new flight (Nikolaev was also an astronaut).

Tereshkova has repeatedly admitted in her circle of relatives that her first husband is a real despot. It is possible that last years life together they were only together for their daughter. The couple broke up when she was 18 years old.

Valentina Tereshkova with her husband and daughter

Tereshkova and Nikolaev stopped appearing together in 1979. At that time, to get a divorce meant that the career of astronauts would have to end. This is especially true for Nikolaev. Moreover, some astronauts were indeed suspended from work due to divorces. It could also have a detrimental effect on Valentina. At that time she was the chairman of the Committee of Soviet Women.

According to some reports, Brezhnev played one of the main roles in the biography of Valentina Tereshkova. It was he who decided the issue of divorce. It was lucky that Valya had only one daughter from the children. Plus, at the time of the divorce, she was already an adult.

Tereshkova's second husband

The second marriage for Tereshkova was happier. They met in 1978. Tereshkova hoped to fly into space again. For this, she underwent a medical examination. Her second husband, Julius Shaposhnikov, was one of the members of the medical commission who passed the verdict on the astronauts.

Valentina Tereshkova and Julius Shaposhnikov

Relatives and friends of Tereshkova say that it was immediately obvious from Valentina and Julia that they were in love with each other. The couple had no children. But that didn't stop them from being happy. Look at the photo. Here Valentina is depicted with her second husband.

Valentina Tereshkova: photo

Tereshkova lived with her second husband for 20 years. It is possible that they would be together to this day. However, in 1999 Julius died.

What is Tereshkova doing now?

After learning about the biography of Valentina Tereshkova, her personal life and children, readers will be interested to know what the former cosmonaut is doing now.

Valentina Tereshkova now

This year, Valentina celebrated her 80th birthday. She is currently an MP State Duma. Tereshkova is trying to do everything and even a little more for her native region - the Yaroslavl region.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. She was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoe Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky District, Yaroslavl Region. Soviet cosmonaut No. 6, 10th cosmonaut in the world, the world's first female cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union (1963).

Valentina Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky District, Yaroslavl Region, into a peasant family.

Father - Vladimir Aksenovich Tereshkov (1912-1940), was born in the village of Vyylovo, Belynichi district, Mogilev region, tractor driver. In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army and died in the Soviet-Finnish war.

Mother - Elena Fedorovna Tereshkova (nee Kruglova) (1913-1987), originally from the village of Eremeevshchina, Dubrovensky district, worked at a textile factory.

Elder sister- Lyudmila. Younger brother- Vladimir.

Russian by nationality.

After the war, the family moved to Yaroslavl, where his mother began to work as a weaver.

In 1945, Valentina entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl (now named after Tereshkova).

Since childhood, she showed a good ear for music, learned to play the domra.

In 1953, she graduated from the seventh grade of the school and, in order to help her family, she went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant as a bracelet in the assembly and vulcanization shop in a preparatory operation. There she operated a diagonal cutting machine. At the same time she studied in the evening classes of the school of working youth.

From April 1955, she worked for seven years as a weaver at the Krasny Perekop technical fabrics factory, where her mother and older sister also worked.

Since 1959, she went in for parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club, performed 90 jumps.

Continuing work at the Krasny Perekop textile mill, from 1955 to 1960 distance learning at the College of Light Industry. In 1957 she joined the Komsomol. From August 11, 1960 - the released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.

After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, the idea came up to launch a woman cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began according to the following criteria: a parachutist, under the age of 30, up to 170 cm tall and weighing up to 70 kg.

Five of the hundreds of candidates were selected: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomaryova, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova. Immediately after being accepted into the cosmonaut detachment, Tereshkova, along with the rest of the girls, was called up for urgent military service with the rank of privates.

On March 12, 1962, Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps. and began to be trained as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment. On November 29, 1962, she passed the final exams in the OKP with "excellent". Since December 1, 1962, Tereshkova has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department. From June 16, 1963, that is, immediately after the flight, she became an instructor-cosmonaut of the 1st detachment and was in this position until March 14, 1966.

During the training, she underwent training on the body's resistance to the factors of space flight. The trainings included a thermal chamber, where it was necessary to be in a flight suit at a temperature of +70 ° C and a humidity of 30%, a sound chamber - a room isolated from sounds, where each candidate had to spend 10 days.

Zero gravity training was carried out on the MiG-15. When performing a parabolic slide, weightlessness was established inside the aircraft for 40 seconds, and there were 3-4 such sessions per flight. During each session, it was necessary to complete the next task: write a first and last name, try to eat, talk on the radio.

Special attention paid parachute training, since the astronaut ejected and landed separately on a parachute just before landing. Since there was always a risk of splashdown of the descent vehicle, training was also carried out on parachute jumps into the sea, in a technological, that is, not fitted to size, spacesuit.

Initially, the simultaneous flight of two female crews was supposed, but in March 1963 this plan was abandoned, and the task of choosing one of five candidates became.

When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successfully completing training, political issues were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from workers, while, for example, Ponomaryova and Solovyov were from employees. In addition, Tereshkova's father, Vladimir, died during the Soviet-Finnish war when she was two years old. Already after the flight, when Tereshkova was asked what Soviet Union can thank for her service, she asked to find the place of her father's death.

Far from the last selection criterion was the candidate's ability to conduct active social activities - to meet people, to speak in public on numerous trips around the country and the world, in every possible way demonstrating the advantages of the Soviet system.

Other candidates, with no worse training (according to the results of a medical examination and the theoretical preparedness of female cosmonaut candidates, Tereshkova was determined in last place), were noticeably inferior to Tereshkova in the necessary for such social activities qualities. Therefore, she was appointed the main candidate for the flight, I. B. Solovyova - backup, and V. L. Ponomaryova - spare.

At the time of Tereshkova's appointment as the pilot of Vostok-6, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first detachment of American astronauts.

Flight of Valentina Tereshkova on the ship "Vostok-6"

Tereshkova made the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. It lasted almost three days. The start took place at Baikonur not from the "Gagarin" site, but from a backup. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, was in orbit.

On the day of her flight into space, she told her relatives that she was leaving for paratrooper competitions, they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.

“The preparation of the rocket, the ship and all maintenance operations were exceptionally clear. Tereshkova’s launch reminded me of Gagarin’s launch in terms of the clarity and coherence of the work of all services and systems. Like April 12, 1961, June 16, 1963, the flight was prepared and started perfectly. Tereshkov during the preparation of the launch and launch of the ship into orbit, who listened to her reports on the radio, unanimously declared: "She had a launch better than Popovich and Nikolaev. Yes, I am very glad that I was not mistaken in choosing the first woman cosmonaut", - Tereshkova's launch was described by Lieutenant General Nikolai Kamanin, who was involved in the selection and training of astronauts.

Tereshkova's call sign for the duration of the flight - "Gull".

The phrase she said before the start: "Hey! Sky! Take off your hat!(modified quote from V. Mayakovsky's poem "A Cloud in Pants").

During the flight, Tereshkova had problems with the orientation of the ship. “I talked to Tereshkova several times. It is felt that she is tired, but does not want to admit it. In the last communication session, she did not answer the calls of the Leningrad IP. We turned on the television camera and saw that she was sleeping. I had to wake her up and talk to her and about the upcoming landing, and about manual orientation. She tried twice to orient the ship and honestly admitted that she was unable to orient the ship in pitch. This circumstance worries us all: if you have to land manually, and she cannot orient the ship, then it will not get out of orbit, - Sergei Korolev wrote in the journal on June 16, 1963.

Later it turned out that the commands issued by the pilot were inverted in the direction of movement of the control in manual mode(the ship turned in the wrong direction as when working out on the simulator). According to Tereshkova, the problem was in the incorrect installation of control wires: commands were given not to descend, but to raise the ship's orbit. In automatic mode, the polarity was correct, which made it possible to properly orient and land the ship. From Earth, Valentina received new data and put them into a computer. Tereshkova kept silent about this case for more than forty years, since S.P. Korolev asked her not to tell anyone about this.

Valentina Tereshkova is the only woman in the world to have made a solo space flight.

According to the doctor of medical sciences, professor V. I. Yazdovsky, who was responsible at that time for the medical support of the Soviet space program, women endure the extreme loads of space flight worse on the 14-18th day of the monthly cycle. However, due to the fact that the launch of the launch vehicle that brought Tereshkova into orbit was delayed for a day, and also, obviously, due to the strong psycho-emotional load during the launch of the ship into orbit, the flight regime provided for by the doctors could not be maintained.

Yazdovsky also notes that “Tereshkova, according to telemetry and television control, endured the flight mostly satisfactorily. Negotiations with ground communication stations were sluggish. She severely limited her movements. She sat almost motionless. She clearly showed changes in the state of health of a vegetative nature.

Despite nausea and physical discomfort, Tereshkova withstood 48 revolutions around the Earth and spent almost three days in space, where she kept a logbook and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere.

The Vostok-6 descent vehicle landed safely in the Bayevsky district of the Altai Territory.

After landing, Tereshkova violated the regime in the area of ​​the landing site: she handed out local residents stocks of food from the diet of astronauts, and she ate local food after three days of fasting. According to the testimony of the pilot Marina Popovich, after the flight of Tereshkova S.P. Korolev said: "As long as I'm alive, not a single woman will fly into space anymore." As you know, the next flight of a woman into space (Svetlana Savitskaya) took place 19 years later, in August 1982 (Korolev died in 1966).

She was called "Miss Universe", poems and songs were dedicated, awards were presented. However, Tereshkova was able to walk on her own only a month later, and for the rest of her life she suffered from bleeding and brittle bones.

After performing a space flight, Tereshkova entered the Air Force engineering academy them. NOT. Zhukovsky and, having graduated with honors, later became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific works. Tereshkova was ready for a one-way flight to Mars.

From April 30, 1969 to April 28, 1997, Valentina Tereshkova was an instructor-cosmonaut of the cosmonaut detachment of the 1st Department of the 1st Directorate of the group of orbital ships and stations, instructor-test cosmonaut of the group of orbital manned complexes of general and special purpose, 1st group of cosmonauts.

In 1982, she could even be appointed commander of the female crew of the Soyuz spacecraft. April 30, 1997 Tereshkova left the detachment - the last of female set 1962 in connection with reaching the age limit.

Since 1997 - Senior Researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center.

Social and political activities of Valentina Tereshkova

Since March 1962 - a member of the CPSU. In 1966-1989 - Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR VII-XI convocations. In 1971-1990 he was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Delegate of the XXIV, XXV, XXVI and XXVII Congresses of the CPSU. In 1974-1989 - deputy and member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

In 1968-1987 she headed the Committee of Soviet Women. In 1969 - Vice-President of the Women's International Democratic Federation, member of the World Peace Council.

In 1987-1992, Chairman of the Presidium of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.

In 1989-1992 - people's deputy USSR from the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries and the Rodina Society.

On January 22, 1969, she was in a car fired upon by officer Viktor Ilyin during an assassination attempt.

In 1992 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Russian Association for International Cooperation. In 1992-1995 - First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Agency for International Cooperation and Development.

In 1994-2004 he was the head of the Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation.

In 1995, she was promoted to the rank of Major General ( Russia's first woman with the rank of Major General).

September 14, 2003 at the II Congress Russian party Life was nominated as a candidate for deputy in the Elections to the State Duma of the 4th convocation under the Federal Party List under number No. 3, but the party bloc did not overcome the electoral barrier.

In 2008-2011, he was a deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma from the United Russia party, deputy chairman.

April 5, 2008 was the torchbearer of the Russian stage of the torch relay of the Beijing Olympics in St. Petersburg.

In 2011, she was elected to the State Duma of Russia from the United Russia party on the Yaroslavl regional list. Together with Elena Mizulina, Irina Yarovaya and Andrey Skoch, she was a member of the inter-factional deputy group for the protection Christian values. In this capacity, she supported the introduction of amendments to the Russian Constitution, according to which "Orthodoxy is the basis of the national and cultural identity of Russia."

She headed the list of the party in the elections to the Yaroslavl Regional Duma in 2013.

February 7, 2014 at the opening ceremony of winter Olympic Games 2014 in Sochi, among the eight elected persons of Russia, she carried the Olympic flag.

With the assistance and participation of Tereshkova, a university was opened in Yaroslavl, a new building of a technical school of light industry was built, River Station, a planetarium, the Volga embankment was landscaped. Throughout his life, he helps his native school and the Yaroslavl orphanage.

Since 2015 - President of the non-profit charitable foundation"Memory of generations".

In the parliamentary elections on September 18, 2016, she took second place in the United Russia regional group, which includes the Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Kostroma and Tver regions.

Valentina Tereshkova. Seagull and Hawk

Personal life of Valentina Tereshkova:

First husband - Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev(1929-2004), USSR cosmonaut No. 3, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Their wedding took place in a government mansion on the Lenin Hills on November 3, 1963. Among the guests was After the marriage and until the divorce, Tereshkova bore the double surname of Nikolaev-Tereshkova.

On June 8, 1964, their daughter Elena was born - the first child in the world to have both father and mother astronauts.

The marriage of Tereshkova and Nikolaev was officially terminated in 1982, after the daughter came of age. “At work - gold, at home - a despot,” Tereshkova said about her ex-wife.

However, according to the stories of people close to the couple, the marriage broke up when Tereshkova had another man and the romance could no longer be hidden. Allegedly, she asked for a divorce personally from Brezhnev, who gave the go-ahead.

After breaking up with her husband, Valentina Vladimirovna forbade Nikolaev to see Elena and soon demanded that her daughter change Nikolaev's surname to her own - Tereshkova.

Nikolaev never married again.

Second husband - Julius Shaposhnikov(1931-1999), major general of the medical service, director of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (CITO).

Daughter Elena Tereshkova- orthopedic surgeon, works in CITO. Was married twice.

The first husband is pilot Igor Alekseevich Mayorov (his father headed the Aeroflot representative office in Europe and was the personal pilot of the general secretaries - Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko and Gorbachev). In marriage, on October 20, 1995, the son Alexei was born.

Tereshkova was against her daughter's marriage to Igor Mayorov. For seven years of marriage, Igor never saw his mother-in-law. And Valentina Vladimirovna did not see her first grandson Alexei until she was five years old - until Elena divorced her first husband.

Elena - daughter of Valentina Tereshkova

The second husband is pilot Andrey Yuryevich Rodionov. We met when he came to her for a medical appointment. At that time, they were both married, Andrei also had a child (daughter). However, they filed for divorce and started a family. Married on June 18, 2004, their son Andrey was born.

Rodionov managed to establish relations with the famous mother-in-law, she gave new family daughters a luxurious apartment in Granatny Lane, and communicates with grandchildren. At the same time, Elena herself followed in the footsteps of her mother: she forbade ex-husband Igor Mayorov to see his eldest son. Mayorov had to seek the right to communicate with the boy through the court.

Valentina Tereshkova with her daughter, son-in-law Andrei Rodionov and grandchildren

In 2004, Valentina Tereshkova underwent complex operation on a heart that prevented a heart attack.

He is an honorary citizen of the cities: Kaluga, Yaroslavl (Russia), Karaganda, Baikonur (until 1995 - Leninsk, Kazakhstan, 1977), Gyumri (until 1990 - Leninakan, Armenia, 1965), Vitebsk (Belarus, 1975), Montreux and Drancy (France) ), Montgomery (Great Britain), Polizzi-Generosa (Italy), Darkhan (Mongolia, 1965), Sofia, Burgas, Petrich, Stara Zagora, Pleven, Varna (Bulgaria, 1963), Bratislava (Slovakia, 1963).

In 1983, a commemorative coin with the image of V. Tereshkova was issued - she became the only Soviet citizen, whose portrait was placed on a Soviet coin during his lifetime.

Named after Tereshkova:

a crater on the moon;
- minor planet 1671 Chaika (by her call sign - "Seagull");
- streets in different cities, including in Balakhna, Balashikha, Vitebsk, Vladivostok, Dankov, Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk, Irkutsk, Ishimbay, Kemerovo, Klin, Korolev, Kostroma, Krasnoyarsk, Lipetsk, Mineralnye Vody, Mytishchi, Nizhny Novgorod, Nikolaev, Novosibirsk, Novocheboksarsk, Orenburg, Penza, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Ulan-Ude, Ulyanovsk, Yaroslavl, avenue in Gudermes, square in Tver, embankment in Evpatoria;
- schools in Yaroslavl (where she studied), in Novocheboksarsk, in Karaganda and in the city of Esik (Almaty region);
- Sports and recreation center in the city of Kursk (tract Solyanka, 16);
- Children's sports center for recreation and recreation of children and adolescents in the Kaliningrad region (45 km from Kaliningrad);
- Museum "Cosmos" (not far from her village) and a planetarium in Yaroslavl.

Monument to Valentina Tereshkova in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory, not far from the landing site of the first female cosmonaut. Also, a monument to Tereshkova stands on the Alley of Cosmonauts in Moscow. One of the monuments was erected in the city of Lvov, but in Ukraine it is proposed to demolish it within the framework of the law on the so-called. decommunization.

In Yaroslavl, the annual city athletics relay race for the prize of V.V. Tereshkova is held. The Yaroslavl Center for Military Patriotic Education DOSAAF bears her name.

Songs are dedicated to Valentina Tereshkova: “The girl's name is a seagull” (music by Alexander Dolukhanyan, lyrics by Mark Lisyansky, performer -), “Valentina” (in Moldavian, music by Dumitru Georghit, lyrics by Efim Krimerman, performer -).

Muslim Magomayev - The girl's name is a seagull.