Self-development 

Where do you study genetics? Youth Personnel Center

Natural sciences, medicine

Kind of activity

Explore, gain new knowledge, experiment

Analyze and organize information, make calculations

Short description

Genetics is a young but rapidly developing area, since discoveries in the field of genetics can significantly extend the life span and quality of a person. Thanks to genetics, it will be possible to easily obtain products with desired properties, to identify and treat various genetic diseases, such as Down's syndrome or Patau's syndrome, even in the womb.

Geneticist- a scientist who studies patterns of heredity and variability in living organisms, as well as methods for managing these processes. Research conducted by geneticists is widely used in practice - in forensics, medicine, agriculture, microbiological industry, as well as genetic engineering.
For example, thanks to the work of geneticists, it is possible to predict and reduce the possible risks of serious hereditary diseases, breed frost-resistant vegetables and fruits, increase the harvest and shelf life of agricultural products, create new types of drugs, find the criminal by the traces left by him (for example, sweat, blood, saliva), and in the future, perhaps grow organs for transplant.

genetic consultant is a doctor who assesses individual or family risk of various hereditary diseases. Informs the pregnant woman and other doctors accompanying the pregnancy about the possibility of genetic pathologies at the fetus. Counsels women and gives advice on how to reduce possible risks when planning a pregnancy. Also holds genetic expertise to establish paternity.

Where to study

Directions of study:
Biological Sciences (06.00.00)

Universities:

06.03.01 - Biology

06.05.01 – Bioengineering and bioinformatics
    • First Moscow State medical University them. THEM. Sechenov (MGMU)
    • Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Where to work

    • Research institutes
    • Pharmaceutical companies
    • Medical institutions
    • Law enforcement
    • Enterprises of the agricultural industry
    • Enterprises Food Industry
Dream Companies:*
    • Bayer
    • Pharmastandard
    • European Medical Center
    • MEDSI
      *Information based on rankings of job search sites

You can enter residency with a diploma of higher medical education.

Genetics is an amazing science that has lifted the veil over the secrets of the human body. It studies the heredity and variability of organisms, which can be used for specific practical assistance to humans. But where the prospects of this direction seem impressive. After all, it can be considered a stepping stone to the implementation of the most revolutionary ideas: to extend the average life span, to save humanity from many terrible ailments.

Specialty 31.08.30 "Genetics" is intended for inquisitive minds. Such a specialist will be able to identify the genetic nature of the disease. It plays an important role in pregnancy planning. Since it can identify risks and take specific measures to prevent them.

Admission conditions

The purpose of this course is to educate a qualified doctor by teaching deep theoretical knowledge and specific practical skills. You can enter residency with a diploma of higher medical education.

Upon admission, you will have to pass an interview or test. What subjects will be taken during the test of the level of knowledge will be prompted at the departments of Moscow universities.

Future profession

This direction is intended for responsible and purposeful students who are ready to look into the future, making a forecast for future pregnancy. They will also be able to engage in specific medical care, competently establishing a diagnosis and drawing up a treatment regimen. A fascinating profession will make you feel a high level of development modern science. After all, thanks to the latest equipment and technology can answer the question of how high the risks of an ailment with hereditary roots are. Also, the doctor will tell you what preventive measures are needed to reduce such a threat.

Where to apply

Residency in this specialty is in the following institutions:

  • Russian medical Academy postgraduate education;
  • Research Institute of Medical Genetics;
  • Northwestern State Medical University named after Mechnikov;
  • Voronezh State Medical Academy named after Burdenko.

Training period

According to state regulations, residency is designed for 2 years.

Disciplines included in the course of study

The future geneticist in the process of studying undergoes an in-depth acquaintance with such subjects:

  • human genetics;
  • clinical genetics;
  • laboratory methods for diagnosing hereditary diseases;
  • prevention of hereditary diseases;
  • biochemistry;
  • physiology: normal and pathological;
  • ecological genetics;
  • pharmacogenetics.

Acquired Skills

After completing the residency, the graduate will have the following professional competencies:

Employment prospects by profession

This direction is very promising. In fact, the profession of a geneticist is the specialty of the future. Since science does not stand still, discoveries regularly occur that open up new opportunities for medicine.

Today, a residency graduate is needed in almost any clinic, hospital, private clinic. He can also do research work at the scientific center.

How do students work after completing the course:

  • geneticist;
  • department head.

The average salary of such a specialist is 25-30 thousand rubles. But many doctors combine positions at a private and public clinic, earning much more.

Benefits of Professional Development

Revolutionary discoveries in genetics are only the beginning of work with the subtle sphere of heredity. There is still a lot of work ahead, and a residency graduate can make a significant contribution to the development of science by enrolling in graduate school. Being engaged in scientific research, he discovers the path of a scientist. After that, you can choose a practical path, and apply for the position of a teacher.

37.1

For friends!

Reference

Each of us is somewhat similar to our parents. For example, someone has a father's eyes, or a mother's character. Eye color can be known even before the baby is born. But it is impossible to change it. Human genetics is responsible for this.

AT modern world a person is used to planning everything and getting answers to everything. However, what happens when we are talking about the desire to have two children, moreover, the eldest - a boy, and the youngest - a girl. And parents always want to have a healthy baby. The only way out is to turn to genetics.

Description of activity

Helps people cope with genetic diseases. He explores the physical characteristics of a person inherited from his parents. Studies the development of hereditary diseases and the impact on health external factors life, and diagnoses or determines the possible manifestations of the disease in the future.

When it comes to the health of the unborn child, the geneticist determines the risk of transmission of hereditary diseases. Identifies the gene that causes the disease, develops the most effective methods prevention or treatment. For example, human genetics provides for the presence of genes such as the gene mental retardation or alcohol addiction. Families where genetic abnormalities have already been encountered are especially in need of genetic counseling.

By examining at least three generations, a medical geneticist determines the type of inheritance. Helps new parents plan the gender of their unborn child. The demand for this specialist is undeniable - genetics help to correct many situations and correctly predict hereditary traits.

Wage

average for Russia:average in Moscow:average for St. Petersburg:

Job responsibilities

Correctly defined genetic nature of the disease - this is the main task of genetics. He studies the whole organism, and not its individual systems or organs.

A geneticist provides medical genetic counseling, analyzes a person's pedigree, makes a prognosis and draws up a written opinion.

Conducts and supervises laboratory research of genetic materials. Analyzes and summarizes the results obtained, determines the plan for the management of the patient. In his work he uses modern Computer techologies. Actively engaged in scientific activities - contributes to the development of genetics.

Like anyone, a geneticist is in control of execution medical procedures, use of tools, reagents and medicines. Engaged in planning their activities and. Prepares the necessary documentation.

Features of career growth

Science has learned to track the development and control hereditary diseases, so the profession of a geneticist is in great demand today both in Russia and abroad.

After graduating, a graduate usually begins his career in public medical institutions. It can be children's clinics, perinatal centers. Many work in private clinics, family planning and reproduction centers.

If you wish, you can create your own company, conduct various laboratory tests and examinations. There are various programs and competitions that support young geneticists. Yes, the Russian Foundation fundamental research special grants have been developed for promising young people working in the field of genetics. Often young professionals continue their education in

A geneticist is a doctor who diagnoses, treats and prevents hereditary diseases, oversees pathologies caused by incest, and investigates the issues of having healthy children.

In addition, a geneticist is engaged in:

  • Reliable prediction of the couple's ability to have children.
  • Identification of hereditary predisposition (the degree of probability of transmission of the disease from parents to children).
  • Calculation of the risk of developing gene mutations if one or both parents carry the pathological gene.
  • Treatment of children born with a genetic pathology.
  • Drawing up a pedigree.
  • Establishing paternity and motherhood.

Sometimes the functions of a geneticist include making a decision to terminate a pregnancy, quite often he participates in a consultation for the appointment of IVF and ICSI, deals with the problems of miscarriages, primary and secondary infertility, stillbirth.

Working closely with immunologists, transplantologists and neonatologists, a geneticist treats many syndromes and diseases, the main ones being:

  • Down syndrome, Patau, Marfan.
  • Cystic fibrosis.
  • Neurofibromatosis type 1.
  • adrenogenital syndrome.
  • Mental retardation based on a mutation in the X chromosome.

A geneticist is a profession of the future, it is in demand in modern medicine, and such areas as cloning, stem cell transplantation make it extremely promising.

Most often, patients seek advice when planning a pregnancy, or when a hereditary disease is suspected.

Specializations in genetics

Here are the main narrow profiles of geneticists:

  • Children's geneticist treats congenital pathologies in children from the first days of life up to 18 years.
  • Genetic endocrinologist deals with the treatment, and most importantly - the prevention of the development of hereditary endocrine pathologies.
  • sports geneticist suggests in which sport the athlete is able to achieve the highest success.
  • Genetic oncologist prevents the development of cancer caused by heredity.
  • Genetic gerontologist It is designed to provide active longevity to patients who have a hereditary predisposition to any disease.
  • Geneticist-pharmacologist creates new strains of microorganisms capable of synthesizing drugs with programmed properties.
  • Embryologist deals with issues of immune compatibility of spouses, IVF.
  • Ophthalmogeneticist treats hereditary eye diseases.

It should be emphasized that such a division is practiced only in large multidisciplinary clinics, research institutes and diagnostic centers.

Places of work

There is a position of a geneticist in every genetic center and DNA laboratory, and also happens in perinatal centers, maternity hospitals, research institutes and large multidisciplinary clinics.

History of the profession

The discovery of the concepts of recessiveness, dominance, hereditary traits and mechanisms of inheritance by G. Mendel (1865) can be considered the beginning of the path of the science of genetics. However, the generally accepted date of birth of genetics is 1900, in which the regularities of G. Mendel were discovered for the second time by an independent trio of scientists: H. de Vries, K. Kornes and E. Chermak. They laid the foundation for the theory of the gene, the greatest discovery of humanity in the 20th century.

1903 brought with it the theory of mutations (H. de Vries), in 1906 the concept of "genetics" was introduced (W. Batson), and in 1909 - "gene", "phenotype" and "genotype" (W. Johanssen ). Since that time, the study of heredity began at the cellular level. T. Boveri, W. Setton and E. Wilson discovered the process of mitosis (cell division) and meiosis (maturation of sex cells), later the theory of chromosomes appeared (T. Morgan, 1911) and the theory of inheritance of sex-linked traits.

The third stage in the development of genetics is associated with the exact sciences. The objects of study were microorganisms and their vital activity. It became obvious that each gene controls its own enzyme, which in turn is responsible for a series of transformations in the human body - this is how hereditary information is transmitted (D. Beadle and E. Tatum, 1940). In 1953, they created a DNA model (F. Crick, D. Watson), then deciphered the genetic code, discovered methods of artificial mutations to obtain useful strains of microorganisms (antibiotics, amino acids).

Modern genetics is exploring the possibilities of genetic engineering, capable of reproducing entire genetic systems that help correct hereditary deviations in the human body. The gene can be transplanted from bacterium to bacterium, which opens up unprecedented prospects in the development of genetic science in order to correct congenital anomalies and hereditary diseases.


In 1953, the structure of DNA was deciphered, marking a turning point in the history of biology.

Responsibilities of a geneticist

The main responsibilities of a geneticist are:

  • Examination of patients, diagnosis: genetic screening, HLA compatibility testing, DNA diagnostics, chromosomal analysis, karyotyping.
  • Conducting ultrasound, determining the biochemical marker of the mother, biopsy of material from the uterus (in extreme cases) to exclude intrauterine pathology.
  • Preparation for IVF.
  • Carrying out and deciphering molecular genetic analyzes.
  • Medico-genetic consultations.
  • Preparation of reagents necessary for the work of the laboratory.
  • Collection and storage of biomaterial for molecular genetic and cytogenetic studies.
  • Maintenance of primary medical records

Also, the tasks of a geneticist include a detailed collection of family history, referral of future parents for examination by doctors of related specialties: obstetrician-gynecologists, cardiologists, neurologists, gastroenterologists, hematologists, oncologists, nephrologists, angiologists, dermatologists.

requirements for genetics

The basic requirements for a geneticist look like this:

  • Higher medical education, current certificate in "Genetics".
  • Ability to connect with patients.
  • Knowledge of English is not lower than the level required for reading professional literature.
  • Experience in genetic research and writing conclusions on test results is desirable.
  • Analytical mindset, accuracy, a penchant for scientific work.


Specialists do not treat individual organs, but determine the nature of the disease.

How to become a geneticist

To become a geneticist, you need:

  1. Graduate from a university with a degree in General Medicine or Pediatrics.
  2. Receive an accreditation sheet along with the diploma by submitting test tasks, an exam and having passed an interview with a special commission consisting of doctors of sciences and professors. This will give the right to work independently on an outpatient or outpatient appointment.
  3. Year in without fail work in a polyclinic or an outpatient clinic, and then enroll in residency (2 years) in the specialty "Genetics".

There is another way: to get a higher biological education, and then to specialize in genetics. Such specialists usually work in the field of science and are indirectly related to practical medicine.

In the process of work, doctors are awarded qualification points confirming accreditation: for performing complex manipulations, participating in scientific and practical conferences and seminars, for publication scientific articles, books, dissertation defense. Every 5 years these points are summed up and evaluated by the accreditation commission. If enough points are scored, then the next five years you can work in your specialty further. In the absence of a sufficient number of points, the doctor loses the right to treat. .

The growth of professionalism, the level of knowledge and experience of the doctor is usually reflected qualification category . All categories are assigned by the qualification commission in the presence of the doctor himself, on the basis of his written research paper containing a description of skills and knowledge.

Assignment terms:

  • more than 3 years of experience - the second category;
  • more than 7 years - the first;
  • more than 10 years - the highest.

The doctor has the right not to qualify, but for career growth it will be a minus.

Also, career and professional growth is facilitated by scientific activities - writing candidate and doctoral dissertations, publications in medical journals, speeches at conferences and congresses.

Geneticist salary

The spread of income is wide: geneticists earn from 11,000 to 200,000 rubles a month. The most demanded and highly paid geneticists are in Moscow and the Moscow region. We found the smallest salary in the regional hospital of Vologda - 10,980 rubles a month, the highest was found in the Moscow center "Genotech" - 200,00 rubles a month.

The average salary of a geneticist is 30,000 rubles per month.

Where to get training

Apart from higher education There are a number of short-term trainings on the market, typically lasting from a week to a year.

Interregional Academy of Additional vocational education(MADPO) teaches in the specialization "" and issues a diploma and a certificate.

The Medical University of Innovation and Development invites you to take distance retraining or advanced training courses in the direction of "" with a diploma or certificate state standard. Training lasts from 16 to 2700 hours, depending on the program and your level of preparation.

There are many professions of the future, among which their special professional activity the geneticist stands out. Science and technology do not stand still, scientists still have to make many discoveries. And today people on themselves notice the benefits of their work. What does genetics study and why are the results of the activities of these scientists so important for our society?

Features of the profession

What does genetics study? The subject of her research is not only humans, but also plants and animals. Depending on the subject being studied, genetics is divided into medical, environmental, molecular, genetic engineering and more. Each industry has its own characteristics.

What are the professions associated with human genetics? A scientist studying medical genetics considers the dependence of pathology on genetic predisposition and environmental conditions. The direction is promising and contributes to the prevention and treatment of hereditary diseases. the main task scientist lies in the correct establishment of the genetic nature of the disease and its possible manifestation in the future.

A geneticist conducts a medical genetic consultation. He carefully analyzes the patient's pedigree, gives a prognosis and draws up a conclusion in writing.

In the clinic of genetics, studies are carried out to establish kinship when planning a pregnancy, which makes it possible to identify the pathologies of the unborn child. In this situation, at the risk of transmission of hereditary diseases, the gene that causes this pathology is determined. Then the most developed effective ways warning or therapy.

Medical genetic research allow to establish the identity of the offender when his traces are found at the crime scene.

Another promising direction is ecological genetics. She studies the interaction of chromosomes with environment. Ecological genetics branches into several directions.

A person who graduated from a university in the relevant field can become a geneticist.

The profession can be obtained by students who study at the biological faculties of the university, at medical universities, agricultural and veterinary educational institutions.

At present, there are many higher educational institutions in Russia that train geneticists. The most prestigious universities:

  • I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State University.
  • St. Petersburg University.
  • Novosibirsk
  • North-Western State Medical University named after N.N. I. I. Mechnikov.

However, the specialist training does not end there. For the constant development of genetics, it is necessary to go to various seminars and courses. It is also necessary to constantly study a large number of literature so that the knowledge gained is not outdated.

Where can you work

The experience gained opens up many career opportunities for scientists. They may work in the following institutions:

  • Research Institute of Genetics, scientific centers and universities.
  • agricultural institutes.
  • pharmaceutical companies.
  • Biomedical laboratories.
  • educational organizations.
  • Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and prosecutor's office.
  • Center for Medical Genetics - an organization specializing in genetic analysis. Typically, such information can be used for medical purposes or to prove relationship.

As in other professions, a career in genetics must be pursued in three directions: scientific, administrative and professional.

Scientific activity is closely related to obtaining scientific degrees and titles. This enhances the prestige of the scientific institution.

A professional career has similar features but carried out in the laboratory or in medical organization. Career is to move up the corporate ladder.

Administrative activity consists in the departure of a geneticist from performing his professional activities and turning him into a leader.

What are the requirements

The main requirements that apply to the future geneticist include:

  • Higher medical education with a valid certificate in genetics.
  • Ability to build relationships with colleagues and patients.
  • Knowledge in English at a reading level professional literature.
  • Required experience in scientific research and writing conclusions.

Equally important is the analytical mindset, punctuality and a penchant for learning scientific literature.

Geneticist

The specialist diagnoses medical care and prevents hereditary pathologies. He observes pathologies caused by incest and investigates issues related to the birth of healthy children.

The most common profession related to human genetics is the geneticist. It also deals with the following issues:

  • predicting the possibility of having children for a particular couple;
  • identifying a hereditary predisposition to a particular disease and the degree of its probable transmission from parents to children;
  • calculation of the risk of gene mutations if one or both parents are carriers of the gene;
  • therapy for babies born with a genetic pathology;
  • establishing paternity and motherhood.

In some cases, a geneticist participates in the commission on making a decision to terminate a pregnancy, different forms infertility, stillbirth.

A geneticist is a profession that is quite in demand in modern medical practice. And cloning and stem cell transplantation make it even more promising.

How to get promoted

To qualify for this profession, you must:

  1. Graduate from the university with a degree in General Medicine or Pediatrics.
  2. Get an accreditation sheet along with your diploma. Pass tests and exams, pass an interview.
  3. During the year, work in a clinic or outpatient clinic, and then study in residency. And after 2 years to get the specialty "Genetics".

There is another way. Possibility of obtaining higher biological education and then a specialization in genetics. Usually these specialists carry out their activities in the field of science, and have nothing to do with practical medicine.

The growth of professionalism of a specialist, the level of knowledge and experience are reflected in the qualification category. They are assigned by the commission in the presence of the geneticist himself. He provides written research work, which includes a description of skills and knowledge.

The following dates are known:

  • more than 3 years of experience - 2nd category;
  • over 7 years - the first;
  • more than 10 years - the highest.

A doctor may not qualify, but this will be a big minus for professional growth. Also, the professional growth of a specialist will be facilitated by the writing of candidate and doctoral dissertations, publications in scientific journals, speaking at conferences and congresses.

Personal qualities of genetics

For people who have chosen the profession of genetics, great value It has elevated level personal responsibility. They are always working on important scientific discoveries. They also conduct a lot of research, so any inaccuracies are unacceptable.

The geneticist must have:

  • ability to analyze;
  • penchant for natural sciences;
  • mindfulness;
  • purposefulness.

The profession of genetics is difficult, so it is not suitable for people indifferent to science. Research and practical activities are needed for those specialists who have high level interest and thoughtfulness.

Another important factor here is the ability to process a huge amount of information and the ability to apply modern technologies.

To succeed in the profession of genetics, you must be able to solve next questions:

  • Correctly set current tasks.
  • Achieve set goals.

The profession of genetics requires perseverance and confidence in the result, the ability to listen to the opinions of their colleagues.

The modern geneticist is obliged not only to conduct research, but also to record the results in the appropriate form. This means that he must have the art of the word and correctly present information.

Profession Advantage

In Russia, as in other countries, the profession of genetics is in demand. Science is rapidly gaining momentum, because this is a promising direction. The role of genetics is enormous, and its facets further development not yet defined.

In public and private institutions of various fields, there is a shortage of specialists in this field.

Disadvantages of the profession

The ongoing genetic research is hard work. A person is constantly under great stress, work is almost around the clock and causes overwork. Ultimately, this leads to the development of various diseases.

A negative effect on the body is exerted by work with various reagents that are used during scientific research. Therefore, it is important to take certain precautions. Otherwise, they may lead to negative consequences.

A minor mistake in genetics can affect the lives of those around you. Therefore, geneticists often face negative public opinion and strict state control. They also feel severe emotional pressure.

Novice scientists have to work not for the sake of material profit, but to realize their own ambitions. This is not surprising, because it is difficult for a young specialist to get a highly paid position.

geneticist salary

Wage scientists depends on the place of work and the region of the country. Employers in the Moscow and Leningrad regions are ready to offer the highest wages.

The minimum salary for the profession of genetics is 11,000 rubles, and the maximum is in the region of 200,000.

Conclusion

Geneticist is the profession of the future. Applicants for this position must have special education and a special temperament. After all, in the process of work they will have to decide challenging tasks industrial nature.