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The place with the lowest temperature on earth. Pole of Cold - where is the coldest point on Earth? Oymyakon is the coldest settlement on the planet


Today we will talk about the coldest places on Earth with record low temperatures that have ever been recorded. Among them there are both settlements and lands absolutely unsuitable for life. Russia has become the undisputed leader among countries in terms of the number of the coldest regions, since many of its villages are located in the permafrost zone.

So, 10 coldest places on Earth!

1. Oymyakon

The village of Oymyakon (Republic of Sakha) is officially recognized as the coldest place on Earth. It is one of the "Poles of Cold" on the planet. This is one of the harshest places in the world climate indicators with a permanent population of about 500 people. The village is located at an altitude of 745 m above sea level. The absolute minimum temperature here is -64 degrees, but according to some data in Oymyakon in 1938, a temperature of -78 degrees was recorded. Verkhoyansk also claimed the coldest place in the world, but according to meteorological data, the average annual temperature in Oymyakon is 0.3°C lower than in Verkhoyansk, which allows it to take the lead.

2. Verkhoyansk

The city of Verkhoyansk (Republic of Sakha) is considered the coldest place on the planet, after the village of Oymyakon. Verkhoyansk is also one of the smallest Russian cities with a population of just over 1000 people. The most low rates temperatures were recorded here in 1892 and amounted to minus 68 degrees. The city bears the official status of the Pole of Cold. Winters in the city of the Republic of Sakha are long, very severe and cold. In addition, an insignificant amount of precipitation falls here, comparable to deserts. Therefore, Verkhoyansk still belongs to the cities of Russia with the driest climate. Frosts are possible even in the summer season, which lasts a very short time. The average annual temperature is 18.6 degrees.

3. Station "Vostok"

Station "Vostok" (Antarctica) has the most difficult climatic conditions: low temperatures are observed throughout the year. In 1983, the station officially registered indicators - 89 degrees. The most heat was noted in 1957 and amounted to 13.6 degrees below zero. This area rightfully bears the status of the "Pole of Cold". by the most warm months December and January are considered when the average is -35°C. The station is located at an altitude of 3488 meters above sea level, which does not allow it to bear the title of the coldest place on earth. If the indicators are brought to sea level, then the village of Oymyakon of the Republic of Yakutia becomes the undisputed leader.

4. Eismitte

The former station of Eismitte (Greenland) ranks fourth on the list of the coldest places on Earth. In 1930, the lowest temperature indicators were recorded here, which amounted to -65 degrees. February average temperatures are 47 degrees below zero. In July, which is considered the warmest month here, the average temperature is -12°C. The station was located on the Greenland Shield at an altitude of 3010 meters above sea level. It was here that the Greenland expedition of Alfred Wegener was sent in the 30s of the last century, in which many people suffered from frostbite. Alfred Wegener himself died of hypothermia.

5. Yakutsk

The capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the coldest places in the world. Severe Yakut frosts in winter time the average year is -40 degrees. Maximum minimum temperature here it can reach 65°C below zero. Winter lasts here for six months - from early October to late April. As for the summer, for the northern city there is abnormal heat, which can reach +40°C. The average annual temperature in Yakutsk is 9 degrees below zero. This is one of the largest urban settlements located on the territory of permafrost.

6. Ust-Shchuger

The village of Ust-Shchuger (Komi Republic) is fighting for the title of the coldest place on Earth. In 1978, in the village of Ust-Shchuger (Komi Republic), record levels of 58 degrees below zero were recorded. average temperature the coldest month (December) is -28 degrees, the warmest (July) is 14°C above zero. A small village with a population of 30 people was located at an altitude of 75 meters above sea level.

7. Vorkuta

The city of Vorkuta (Komi Republic) can be called the coldest place in the world, which is located in the permafrost zone. The locality has subarctic climate and applies to areas Far North. Frosts are observed here for 10 months a year, and even in the summer season a slight frost is not ruled out. Due to the harsh climate of Vorkuta, growing vegetables in open field impossible. The average annual temperature in the city is -6 degrees. The absolute temperature minimum falls on the month of December and is -57°C. IN summer period the mercury column can rise to +33 degrees.

8. Astana

Astana (Kazakhstan) ranks eighth in the list of the coldest places on the planet and second among the coldest capitals in the world. In winter, the mercury column can drop to -52 degrees. Winters here are very cold and long. The frost period begins in November and lasts until April. Summer is characterized by high temperatures, which can reach +41°C. The annual averages are 3 degrees above zero.

9. International Falls

The next American city, International Falls (USA), also has the right to bear the title of the coldest place on Earth. Americans call this locality The "refrigerator of the nation" is not without reason: the temperature in the warmest month (July) can be 0 degrees, and in the coldest (January) reach 49 degrees below zero.

10. Barrow

Barrow (USA) - the northernmost populated urban area North America completes the list of the coldest places on Earth. The city is located in the permafrost region. The soil here can freeze up to 400 meters deep. The climate of Barrow is not only cold, but also dry. The winter season is considered extremely life-threatening, as severe frosts are associated with strong winds. For about three months a year, the temperature index exceeds 0 degrees, but does not rise above plus 4 degrees. Even in summer, frosts are typical here. The average annual temperature in Barrow is -12 degrees. The most low temperature falls on the month of February and is -49°C. A feature of the city of permafrost is that the sun practically does not appear here from November to February.


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Do you know where there is such a temperature from which a person’s eyes can freeze? And TravelAsk knows and will certainly tell you.

Chilling soul and body Antarctica

The coldest place on the entire Earth as a whole is the Russian Vostok station. Here was recorded the lowest temperature in the history of meteorological observations. The thermometer dropped to -89.2 degrees. It happened on July 21, 1983.

At this temperature, a person's eyes and lungs can freeze.

Is there life in Antarctica?

Well, of course there is:


But people live here too. Approximately 25 people are constantly at Vostok station throughout the year. In winter, the number of researchers usually decreases to 13 people.


Naturally, frosts down to -90 degrees are not here all year round. The average temperature of the coldest month - August is -68 degrees, and the warmest - December - about -31 degrees. There are also records here, almost heat. So, on January 11, 2002, the temperature rose to -12.2 degrees.

The situation is aggravated not only by low temperatures: the station is located at an altitude of 3 kilometers above sea level, so there is almost zero air humidity, as well as a lack of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Acclimatization to such natural conditions lasts at least 3 months. And these three months are hellish: polar explorers have frequent dizziness and flickering in the eyes, ear pain, nosebleeds, a feeling of suffocation and a sharp increase in pressure, loss of sleep and loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain in the joints and muscles, weight loss from three up to five kilograms, and respiratory arrest and loss of consciousness may also occur. The average annual wind speed here is about 5 m/s, the maximum is 27 m/s (almost 100 km/h). Precipitation is practically non-existent here. But the polar explorers do not lose heart.


Everything you need is brought in by plane in the summer. IN winter period station "Vostok" is practically cut off from the world: here you can only arrange delivery by sledge-caterpillar train.

There were more difficult times in the life of polar explorers. So, the wintering of 1982 was really heroic: on the night of April 13, a fire broke out at the station, because of which the main and backup diesel generators failed. "Vostok" remained de-energized. 20 people for 8 months were warmed by homemade potbelly stoves on diesel fuel until a sledge-caterpillar train with a new diesel-electric plant arrived from Mirny, another Russian Antarctic station.

What do the "inhabitants" of Antarctica do?

There are many unexplored areas in the coldest place on the planet. It is understandable: extreme temperatures do not contribute to the rapid pace of work. However, scientists believe that it is Antarctica that is the main key to unraveling the cosmos.

The fact is that not far from the station is Lake Vostok, which is covered with a 4-kilometer layer of ice. It is assumed that its area is 15.5 thousand square kilometers.


Just imagine: it has been separated from the life of the planet for the last few million years. Therefore, it is likely that there are other forms of life there, and evolution took place differently on its territory. After all, oxygen in the lake passes through the ice, and the water in it is quite warm: 7-10 degrees. And so there might be life. By the way, about 40 species of bacteria that have not been previously studied have already been found in the lake.


And Lake Vostok is the key to space. The point is that in solar system There are some celestial bodies from similar formations And atmospheric conditions: for example, Jupiter's moon Europa. Accordingly, it is possible that there are similar bacteria and animal organisms. Therefore, this is a whole project to search for extraterrestrial life.

Antarctica or Yakutia

Asia is in second place in terms of its frosts. The most record temperature in a residential area was recorded in the village of Oymyakon in Yakutia. It was -71.2 degrees. Although there is unofficial data that in 1938 the temperature here dropped to -77.8 degrees.


So, if we compare the height above sea level of the village of Oymyakon and the Antarctic station "Vostok", then Oymyakon can be considered the coldest place on Earth. The village is located at an altitude of 740 meters above sea level. If we bring both temperature indicators to sea level, then in Oymyakon it will be -77.6 degrees and at the Vostok station it will be only -68.3 degrees.

In third place is the largest island in North America - Greenland. At the research station "Northern Ice" on January 9, 1954, a record was recorded: -66.1 degrees.

The weather is changing again, and here's a look at some of the insanely cold places where people actually live.

The lowest ever recorded was minus 128.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-89.2°C) at a Russian research station in Antarctica, Vostok on July 21, 1983. And while most cities are not so terribly cold, some are still quite close to this mark. Below are the eight coldest cities in the world where people live.

1) Verkhoyansk, Russia

According to the 2002 census, Verkhoyansk, Russia has 1,434 inhabitants. It was founded as a fortress in 1638 and served as a regional center for livestock and gold mining. Located 650 kilometers from Yakutsk, another cold spot on our list, and 2,400 kilometers south of North Pole, Verkhoyansk was used for political prisoners between 1860 and the beginning of the 20th century.

It's no wonder why the undesirables were sent here: in January, the average temperature is minus 50.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-45.7 ° C), and average monthly temperature remains quite low from October to April. In 1892, residents recorded temperatures of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 °C).

2) Oymyakon, Russia

People in Oymyakon object to Verkhoyansk being given the title of the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, arguing that they recorded a temperature minimum of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 °C) on February 6, 1933.

By the way, political prisoners were also often exiled here during the Stalinist regime. Oymyakon is a three-day drive from Yakutsk, with 500 to 800 people living there. There is no mobile service here, and there are few modern amenities in general, and the schools in the village do not close at -52°C. Travel companies offer tours to Oymyakon as " perfect place» for an exotic adventure.

3) International Falls, Minnesota.

It may not be as cold in International Falls, Minnesota as in Oymyakon, but this place is one of the coldest places in the continental United States. Approximately 6,703 people live in International Falls (2000 census), which is on the border between the US and Canada.

Winters are long and cold, with an average January temperature of around 2.7 F (-16.2 °C). The mercury column will reach zero for more than 60 nights a year, and the area receives a lot of snow (166 cm). International Falls is at war with the city of Fraser, Colorado over the use of the trade name "refrigerator nation".

4) Frazier, Colorado.

Fraser, Colorado is located at an elevation of 2,600 meters in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and is home to 910 residents (2000 census). Located close to the popular ski resort Winter Park, Frazier enjoys some of the coldest winters in the continental United States. The average annual temperature during the year reaches 32.5 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 0 °C), and in summer it drops to 29 degrees (-1.66 °C).

5) Yakutsk, Russia

Yakutsk has a reputation as the coldest city in the world. The world's lowest temperature outside of Antarctica was recorded near Yakutsk in the Yana River basin. In winter, the average low drops below -40 °C, starting in October and lasting until the end of April. In January, the average temperature reaches -34 degrees Fahrenheit (-36.6°C); the record low recorded temperature in January is minus 81.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-63 °C).

6) Hell, Norway

Hell, which means "hell" in Norway, has become famous for the very successful combination of its name and subarctic temperature. The average air temperature in February 2010 was on the order of 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-6.6 °C). Behind last years the flow of tourists to this city has increased greatly, mainly to take pictures against the background of one of the signs of the railway station.

Hell freezes, on average, for a third of the year, from December to March.

7) Barrow, Alaska

Barrow the most northern city in the United States and is located just 2,100 kilometers south of the North Pole and 510 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle. The small town, home to 4,581 people, was built in an area of ​​permafrost characterized by a lack of periodic thawing and very harsh winters.

The sun sets at the end of November and does not appear until the end of January. Even during summer days the air is very cold. The average temperature doesn't rise until June, and even then barely - July averages a high of 40.4 degrees Fahrenheit (4.6 °C).

Barrow is the economic center of the North Slope and many of its residents work in the energy industry. The city can only be reached by plane or by sea.

8) Snedge, Canada

Located in the Yukon Territory, the village of Snej was the first settlement in the Klondike during the gold rush. A village in the White River Valley recorded its lowest temperature of minus 81 degrees Fahrenheit (-62.8 °C) on February 3, 1947. This is the lowest recorded temperature in continental North America. The average temperature in Snej ranges between 10.3 °F (-12.05°C) and 34.3 °F (1.2 °C).

It is difficult to determine reliably which places are the coldest on Earth. Initially, everything seems pretty simple - you just need to find information on temperatures, and then compare them. But how exactly to determine the place? Antarctica is, of course, the coldest place on Earth, but is it worth considering it as a whole? Or how many different items? Should we take the lowest recorded temperature, or the average for the year? There are many questions that prevent this list from being perfect. But this list contains the Top 10 places where you will definitely feel what real cold is like.

Vostok Station, Antarctica

Of course, the number one place on the list of the coldest is Antarctica. East is Russian meteorological station, which holds the record for the lowest ever recorded temperature on Earth - minus 53.67 degrees Celsius. This temperature was recorded on July 21st, 1983, although some claim that in 1997 it dropped to 55.56 degrees. The warmest month here is January, with an average temperature of -3.44 degrees, and the averages during winter months are minus 26.67 degrees. This place is at an altitude of 3,488 meters above sea level, with minimal oxygen and no humidity. Vostok station is considered one of the most dangerous, inhospitable and unpleasant places in the world.

Northeys in Greenland

The next place on the list is much less known. Northice in Greenland was the research station of a British expedition in the 1950s, which successfully recorded the lowest temperature in North America. A temperature of -66.1 degrees Celsius was recorded in Northice on January 9th, 1954. Cold temperatures persist to this day, so Northice is unlikely to become a popular tourist destination anytime soon.

Eismitte in Greenland

In fairness, it should be noted that Eismitte (literally "Middle of Ice" in German) is devoid of any buildings and signs of civilization. In the 1930s, an expedition was sent here to take temperature measurements. In February, the coldest month, the temperature here drops to -64.9 °C. These studies came at a very heavy price. In 1930-1931, the mission claimed the lives of Alfred Wegener and Rasmus Willumsen, while another member of the group had his toes amputated without anesthetic. These are sufficient reasons to stop any desire to visit these places.

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

The most populated place on our list, the capital of Mongolia is considered the coldest capital in the world and one of the most polluted. The city is located at an altitude of 1,310 meters above sea level and is home to 1,278,000 people. There are some interesting sights to see here, but you won't want to linger outside with an average January temperature of -25 degrees Celsius (which can easily drop to -42 degrees).

Eureka in Canada

This research settlement has no permanent residents, but only 8 staff members. Evreka has been used as a weather station since its founding in 1947. It is not the most glamorous place to work, with no sunlight October to February and average annual temperature at -16 degrees Celsius. The area is also a polar desert, without any precipitation from October to May. Despite this, many plants and animals are present here, which is why Eureka was called the “Garden of the Arctic”. This is not only one of the coldest places on Earth, but also a place of great contrasts.

Oymyakon, Russia

When it comes to cold weather, Russia definitely ranks in the big leagues. In Oymyakon was registered a record low level at -67.78 degrees Celsius, the lowest recorded temperature for a permanently inhabited place on Earth. The record was recorded on February 6th, 1933. With a population of 472, the settlement is quite large compared to some of the others on the list.

Snedge in Yukon, Canada

What about the coldest temperature in continental North America? The record belongs to the village of Snej in Canada, where on February 3rd, 1947, a temperature of -62.78 degrees Celsius was recorded. The settlement is currently uninhabited, as the living conditions here are quite harsh.

Prospect Creek, Alaska

This cold place is currently uninhabited, but it was once home to several thousand construction workers who built the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System between 1974 and 1977. The campsite was disbanded after the pipeline was completed and now there is no one to enjoy average daily temperatures-26 degrees Celsius in January. The lowest temperature recorded at Rogers Pass was -62 degrees (January 1971).

Stanley, Idaho, USA

The population of this city in Idaho is only 63 people. A record low of -47 degrees was recorded here in December, but Stanley is called the city of extremes, because warm months in summer the temperature can be quite high. The city has its own museum, the mayor, and even his own Chamber of Commerce– not bad enough for a population of 63 people!

Rogers Pass in the USA

Rounding out the list of the coldest places on Earth is Rogers Pass in Montana, USA. Located at an altitude of 5,610 meters above sea level, Rogers Pass is located in Montana, being one of the most warm places in the list. The average temperature in January currently fluctuates between -10 and 0 degrees, but on January 20, 1954, a record of -57 Celsius was recorded here.

Many people complain about severe frosts in winter. Yes, we sometimes have temperatures down to -30°C. It is really cold, but there are such frosts in which it seems impossible to survive. And yet there are people who live in such places all their lives. In this article, we will talk about places where the temperature drops below -55°C.

Station "Vostok"

The most cold spot on the ground in Antarctica, or rather at the Vostok station. Here the most severe frosts: the temperature ranges from -32°C to -68°C, depending on the time of year. The warmest months at this point are December, January. At this time, the temperature is kept in the range - 30-40°C. The coldest time at the station is in August: the temperature drops to -65-68 °C. The record low temperature was recorded in 1923 -89°C. In January 2002, December was very warm -12°C. The thickness of the ice in this place reaches 4 meters.

Scientific research is being carried out at this station. Scientists study the nature, properties of this place, its climate. The composition of researchers in winter does not exceed 25 people, in summer - 40. Vostok works all year round and in any weather. Even if the temperature drops to the very minimum -80°C.

Since it is impossible to get to this place in the winter season, the shift change takes place in the summer. Also at this time of the year, products are delivered and necessary for scientific work materials.

Products are delivered by planes and a special sledge-caterpillar train

It is very difficult to be at the Vostok station. Not only severe frosts interfere, but also rarefied air and a small amount of oxygen. Acclimatization of new arrivals is accompanied by such signs as: dizziness, flickering in the eyes, nausea, sleep disturbance, pain in the joints and muscles, nosebleeds, loss of appetite and weight, suffocation, pain in the ears.

There is no life at this point, everything is so frozen. The water also lacks minerals and microorganisms. It is impossible to melt snow and drink it, as it does not quench thirst. To get their own food, scientists drilled a well.


Scientists who arrived at the station get used to the new conditions for a long time - two months

Frost elsewhere

But not only Antarctica is famous for its severe cold. There are several other points on earth where the temperature reaches 77°C below zero. They are in different parts world: Russia, Northern and South America, Canada, Oceania, Australia, Antarctica. People also live or lived in them.

The second cold spot in the world is the Russian village of Oymyakon. It is located near Yakutia. The climate here is cold all year round: it is never warmer than 30°C below zero. On average, people live at -46°C. The frost record was set in 1938: the mercury column of the thermometer dropped to -78°C.

About 500 people live in this village. They cannot grow food here, so food is delivered to them by plane. True, only in warm time of the year. In winter, the weather in this village is so terrible that it is impossible to fly here.


In winter, the runway freezes, it is dangerous to use it

In the Yakut language, "Oymyakon" means "water that never freezes." Indeed, there are several hot springs near the village. There is practically no heating in this village. Gas is not supplied here, so people heat their houses with firewood. Mobile communications and there are no other amenities that exist in other cities, but everyone has Wi-Fi.

The most interesting thing is that such severe frosts in Yakutia are only in winter. In summer it is really hot here: the temperature rises to +46°С. Unlike Antarctica, living creatures are still found here, however, in small quantities.


Residents of Oymyakon are engaged in animal husbandry: they breed deer and horses, sometimes they fish

Plateau, Antarctica

The third coldest point on Earth is Plateau Station in Antarctica. Owned by the United States of America. In the 60s of the XX century, scientific research was carried out here. The tests took place exactly 3 years. 8 people lived on the Plateau: four scientists and the same number of military men. Later, the government banned research in this region. However, for what reason, no one knows yet.


The frost record of this place is -72°С

Verkhoyansk

Another cold place in Russia is the town of Verkhoyansk. The lowest thermometer here fell in 1982 -70 ° C. 1200 people live in this town. The average temperature in this region is 45 degrees below zero. Together with the village of Oymyakon, he is fighting for the title of "The Coldest City northern hemisphere».

For citizens Central Russia the winter frosts of Verkhoyansk seem prohibitively cold. But the inhabitants of this city themselves tolerate the cold well. For them, frost is 55 degrees below zero.

The most interesting: daylight hours last only 1-5 hours a day. Residents pre-calculate the beginning of sunrise and sunset in order to schedule important events such as graduations, weddings, and so on.

It is extremely difficult to get to this place. Tourists do not come here, sometimes journalists make reports in this city. It is expensive to fly to this point: 32,600 rubles for a 2-hour flight. In summer, it is also impossible to get to Verkhoyansk because of bad roads: there is so much mud that even KAMAZ trucks cannot pass.

North America

After 1954, the North Ice research station was considered the coldest point in this region. It was located in Greenland. Temperature minimum at this point it reached -66 °С. Before that, the coldest place in North America was the city of Snag. The thermometer dropped to -63 °C.

This is another cold spot in Greenland. Here was the station of the scientific expedition of the famous scientist Alfred Wegener. It was unusual, since all the rooms for living and working were completely built of ice.

In the 1930s, a group of scientists headed by Alfred Wegener went to this place. Her task was to study the climate of this area, meteorological features. Winters at this point are especially cold: the temperature is allowed up to -65 °C.


The name of the Eismitte station is translated as "in the middle of the ice"

Scientific research The Greenland Ice Sheet was mined at too high a price. Two scientists (Rasmus Willumsen and Alfred Wegener) died of hypothermia. Another explorer lost his toes. Amputation had to be done in hard frost without painkillers. There were simply no such drugs at the station.

After this tragic incident, research in this place was stopped. And no one else came to the Icemitt. Today this station is completely destroyed.

McKinley

There is another very cold place on our Earth - Mount McKinley. It is located in Alaska. Back when this land belonged Russian Empire, she had a different name - big mountain. Nobody lives here, but McKinley is the coldest mountain on our Earth.

It is located at the same latitude as the Vostok station. Located in Norway. In winter, the thermometer drops to -43°C. But unlike Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, living conditions are much better here. It is difficult to get to this city by car, so the main intercity vehicle- airplane. Inside the city, they use a helicopter and a snowmobile.


1100 people live in Longyearbyen

We talked about the coldest places on the planet. Not all of them are habitable, but in many cities people live their entire lives. People eat in such conditions, mainly meat, as it gives a lot of energy and is quickly digested. Therefore, the main occupations of the inhabitants of the coldest cities are animal husbandry and breeding. cattle.

Such places actively attract journalists and tourists. They have developed such types of entertainment as: helicopter and airplane flights, riding big sleds and dog sledding. In some cities, you can bathe in a hot spring. For lovers of extreme sports there is such entertainment - underwater fishing. You can also ski down the mountains and take pictures. unusual nature.